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Photograplnc 

Sciences 
Coipomtion 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER, NY.  M5B0 

(716)  872-4503 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  canadien  de  microreproductions  historiques 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


The  Institute  has  nttempted  to  obtain  the  best 
original  copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this 
copy  which  may  be  bibliographically  unique, 
which  may  alter  any  of  the  images  in  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


D 


n 


□ 


□ 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 


I      I    Covers  damaged/ 


Couverture  endommag6e 


Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaur6e  et/ou  pellicul6e 


I      I    Cover  title  missing/ 


Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 

Coloured  maps/ 

Cartes  g^ographiques  en  couleur 


□    Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 


Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 
Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 


Bound  with  other  material/ 
Reli6  avec  d'autres  documents 

Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  reliure  serrde  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  le  long  de  la  marge  intirieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajouties 
iors  d'une  restauration  apparaissent  dans  le  texte, 
mais,  lorsque  cela  dtait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  6t6  filmies. 

Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  suppldmantaires: 


L'Institut  a  microfilm^  le  meilleur  exemplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  6t6  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-dtre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  m^thode  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiqu^s  ci-dessous. 


I      I    Coloured  pages/ 


n 


□ 


Pages  de  couleur 


Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommag^es 


I      I    Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 


Pages  restaurdes  et/ou  pellicul6es 

Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxei 
Pages  d6color6es,  tachetdes  ou  piqudes 

Pages  detached/ 
Pages  d^tachdes 

Showthrough/ 
Transparence 

Quality  of  prir 

Quality  ;n6gale  de  I'impression 

Includes  supplementary  materif 
Comprend  du  materiel  supplimentaire 

'  edition  available/ 
e  Edition  disponibfe 


I      I  Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 

I      I  Pages  detached/ 

I      I  Showthrough/ 

I      I  Quality  of  print  varies/ 

I      I  Includes  supplementary  material/ 

□  Only  edition  available/ 
Seu 


Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une  pelure, 
etc.,  cnt  6t6  filmies  d  nouveau  de  fapon  d 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  redu>^tion  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  film^  au  taux  de  reduction  indiqu^  ci-dessous. 


10X 

14X 

18X 

22X 

26X 

30X 

12X 

16X 

20X 

24X 

28X 

32X 

The  copy  filmed  here  has  been  reproduced  thanks 
to  the  generosity  jf: 

University  of  Victoria 
McPherson  Library 


L'exempiaire  film^  fut  reproduit  grdce  d  la 
g6n6rosit6  de: 

University  of  Victoria 
McPherson  Library 


The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  keeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


Les  images  suivantes  ont  6t6  reproduitbs  avec  le 
plus  grand  soin,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  et 
de  la  nettet^  de  I'exemplaire  filmd,  et  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


Les  exemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprim^e  sont  filmds  en  commenpant 
par  le  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
derni^re  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  selon  le  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  film^s  en  commenqant  par  la 
premidre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreihite. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  — •►  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 


Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaitra  sur  la 
dernidre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbole  — ♦>  signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbole  V  signifie  "FIN". 


Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  leduct'on  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  gtre 
film^s  d  des  taux  de  reduction  diffdrents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  dtre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clichd,  il  est  film6  i  partir 
de  Tangle  supdrieur  gauche,  de  gauche  it  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  n^cessaire.  Les  dlagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  m^thode. 


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0  Quiker.D" 

*J  Public  StJ^ooli. 


CITY  OF  liOSTOX. 


In  lloAun  ok  Ai.Dr.iiMF.v,  :\r!UTli  2",  IsTil. 

/,Vs7)^r(^  Tlmt  llio  tliaiiks  i.f  llm  Cily  Onin<-il  .'in-  duo,  :uul  tlii'V  ;irc  lu-i-rby 
(.■ii(l.-ml.  (■.  Giooiici.  K.  Kl.l.is.  1>.  I>.,  I'lr  tin;  vi_'i-y  iutcrostiMi:  liistonc;il 
onitinii  ili'livrrinl  liolon:  llui  miiniri|):il  aiiUiorilii's  of  this  city  on  llic  ITIli 
inst.,  that  bi'ini;  Uu:  Coiib'iiiiial  Aunivi'i'sary  of  the  Evai-iiation  of  tlio  t"\vii 
(if  l!o?tnM  by  the  Uiili^li  Army;  aivl  tliat  hu  bi'  iV(|no>b'iI  to  ni-.ii-h  a  i'..|iy  of 
saiil  oration  for  publication,  togetlior  with  suoh  lii-torical  fai'ts  ouucetnl  willv 
tin-  Siofro  of  I!o<-toii  as  may  be  ilocmi'd  worthy  of  ])ri><orvntioii. 

Onlcnrl.  That  liftocu  hundrcil  copies  of  the  oi-ation  of  George  K.  KIli<,  P.!'., 

delivereil  l)efore  the  niuMiciiial  autliorities  of  this  eity  on   tlie   ITtli  inst.,  b(! 

printed,   together  witli   ar.   ,„i  ount.  of   tlio   i)roe.!cdin,L's  connected   with  tlie 

oliscrvance  of  the  Centennial  Anniversary  of  the  Kvaciialion  of  Iloston  by  the 

British  Army;  and  that  tlic  exjionse  thereor  bo  charged  to  the  appropriation 

for  I'rinting. 

Passed  :  sent  down  for  conctirrcnco. 

JOHN    T.  CLAltK,  Chairnuni. 


I'assed  in  coneurrcnee, 
Ajjproved  March  -M,  bS7(i. 


In-  Commdn  CDixrii..  >Iarch  ■.';l.  bSTi'i. 
.1.  (^  A.  UKACKKTT,  I'r.^i'hnt. 

SAMCKI,   C.  COr.li.  Mininr. 


CONTENTS. 


PRKLIMISAnV     AnUANGKMENTS 

Dkcouatio.ns 

Illcbiinations 

Ueceftion  of  the  AVAsiiixfiTcix  Mkdai.. 
Services   in   Mesic   IIali 

I'niyer  liy  licv.  Dr.  Mamiinf;,  Pastor  ofOIil  Soutli 

Iiitroiluctory  Ufiniirks  (if  Mayor  Colili     . 

Address  l)y  George  E.  KUis,  D.D.    . 
CiiKoxici.E  OF  THE  SiEdE  {S'j  Geovijc  E,  Ellis,  D.  D.) 

Tlio  Provincial  Fcirci's  Sumnimu'd    ... 

Conimenceiiient  of  tlio  Siege  "f  Hoslon    . 

Tlie  I'oor  in  ]!oston 

fieneral  Burgoyne  nn  llic  Situation  . 

Tntcrcoiirsc  lietwc  ^  ii  and  Country  . 

Covenant  lietwecii  liaiH'  and  tlio  Inlialiitants 

Proclamation  liy  General  Uuae 

"  The  Friends  of  Government  "         ... 

Tories  in  Tiiwn  and  Country     .... 

Lady  Frankland         ...... 

lUnjaniin  Tliomjison,  Count  liumford 

Fire  in  Boston 

Cure  for  a  Civil  Government    .... 

Harvard  College  and  Candjriilge 

The  I'rovincial  Forlilieations    .... 

Uaids  on  the  llarhor  Islands     .... 

Incidents  in  the  Provincial  Camp 

Correspondence  of  Generals  Lee  and  Uurgoyne 

A  Preliminary  to  the  Declaration  of  Independence 

Dr.  Henj.  Church  charged  with  Treachery 

A  Visitor  to  the  Camp 

A  Characteristic  Order  hy  ^Vashini,'ton      . 

Winter  in  the  Cam] 

Treatment  of  I'risoners 


Chr.rcl 


VAQE 

9 
12 
20 
23 

:i3 
;u 
3« 

39 
109 

no 

112 
112 
114 

11.-) 

119 
123 
124 
126 
120 
130 
131 
13S 
133 
142 
145 
IK! 
149 
l.-)l 
l,-.l 

i:i3 

134 

15ii 


..t.}£-i.1j£y^iafcklti 


'_rs»eMaiI»: 


VI 


CONTENTS. 


ClIROMCF.K    (IF    TIIK    SlKI'.K  —  CoH/i'jI  "«^ 

linrKoyiif  on  llio  Sitiiiition  in  lioston 
Destruction  of  "  Liluity-Tree  " 
Tlie  Besii'gi^d  in  lioston    . 
Commission  liy  General  Gage  . 

Croan  linish 

rrintin!}  in  Boston     .         .         .         • 

Proclaniiitions  liy  General  Oasie 

]5urgoync's  Tlieatrioals  in  Boston     . 

General  Howe  in  Conwnnnd  in  lioston 

I'roelamations  by  General  Howe 

The  I'ontraet  for  the  Kvaeuatiim  and  Sa 

Tlie  Leave-Takin};  and  Emharkation 

Boston  Harbor  Keojiened 

Keiiort  of  the  Kvaeuation  in  England 

Diaries  and  Letters  in  Boston  dnring  tin 

Diary  of  Kzekiel  I'riee 

Letters  to  Gardiner  Greene 

Dr.  Andrew  Kliot      .... 

Diary  of  Timothy  Newell 

The  Boston  Ministers  ihiring  the  Siege 


tv  of 


Siege 


Bos' 


168 

ICO 

\ai 

1G4 
Ifiu 

Ifirt 

1117 

IRg 

170 

170 

173 

175 

180 

180 

182 

184 

187 

188 

102 

11)8 


LIST   OF   ILLUSTRATIONS. 


Tki.iiam's  Map  or  Boston. 
I'lioviNci;  llorsi;         .         .         .         ■ 
Oi.i)  State  Housb     ... 

LoNIi    WlIAKl- 

WASniMiTIlN    Ml  I'AI 

IlANCorK   llorsi;         .         .         .         • 

Fam;i:ii.  Haix 

Vicinity  of  Boston,  1m)ut.s      . 

PllOSPECT    lllM.    ANII    Bl.-NKKH    lllF.I.  —  Fl.Y    LkAF 
TllEATUKAI,    I'liOiatAMMl'. 


1 
1.". 

18 
2,'. 

m 
11.-. 

i:i8 

139 
1G9 


[■n.uFntrravl..g.<.f  llicWa.l,l„Klon  Mc.lal.  n.ul  of  llu.  Fortinontlon«  »ro.,nd  Hn.lon,  were  pro- 
pan-.l  fur  Dr.  K,mrk.'  Life-  mul  WrlllnB-  "f  Wa.hing.m,.  Mr.  -park,  I,...  kindly  grantol  Ih-  «.c 
of  tbc  plolcii  for  llils  volume] 


PRELIMINARY   ARRANGEMENTS. 


DECORATIONS  AND  ILLUMINATIONS. 


PRELIMINARY  ARRANGEMENTS. 


1\  liis  IniUigiinil  Address  to  the  Cit}-  CouiK-il  of  Boston,  on  tlio 
3(1  of  January,  187(1,  tlio  Mayor,  Hon.  Saninol  C.  Col)l),  reieixed 
to  the  Centennial  Aimiversaries  of  the  last  and  the  present  year  in 
the  following  words  :  — 

"In  June  Inst  wt'  liad  imr  conlennial  tflfl)r:ition  of  llic 
Anniversary  of  tlie  Battle  of  BunkiT  Hill.  I  believe  it  is 
regarded  on  all  hands  as  a  gratilying  sncecs.s.  It  was 
a  iiieniorahle  day  for  Boston,  as  being  tiie  lirst  pnblic 
occasion  on  wliicli  tiie  antagonists  in  the  fields  and  the 
coiineils  of  the  civil  Avar  met  together  in  considerable 
numbers  and  in  oi-ganized  bodies,  to  exchange  ])]edges  of 
renewed  amity  and  fraternal  fellowship  and  of  a  fntnre 
cordial  co-ojyeration  in  the  duties  of  patriotism.  It  ap- 
peared to  awaken  tiie  hospitable  feelings  and  the  patriotic 
ardors  of  our  own  people,  and  we  liave  iiad  many  testi- 
monies that  our  welcome  visitors  from  all  sections  of  the 
counfiy  were  pleasi'd  with  their  reception  and  entertain- 
ment. This  year  Philade][)hia  will  be  the  seat  of  a  more 
imposing  observance,  in  celebration  of  the  Ceiileimial 
Anniversary  of  the  Declaration  of  the  Xational  Tnde|ieiid- 
cnce.  Our  wannest  sympathies  will  be  with  her  on  this 
grand  occasion  of  national  and  inteniational  interest. 
Ifndei'  the  auspices  of  the  State  Coinmissioii,  our  pi'oplc 
will  contribute    to    the  exjiositioii    tln'    j)rtKhiels   of  their 


10 


CKNTi'NNiAi.  a\nivi'.i:s.\i;y  or  TIIF. 


iiuliistry  iuul  art,  and,  I   piv^miic,  a  large  personal  repre- 
sentation. 

"It  does  not   appear  at   jire^eiit  that  any  Ibrnial  aeticm 
on  the  siibjeet  is  ealled  for  on  the  part  of  this  nnniiripal 

goverinnent. 

"On  the  Seventeenth  oi"  JSIareh  next  will  oecur  the 
centennial  anniversary  of  the  Evacuation  of  Boston  by  tlu' 
British  troops.  The  City  Council  ^vill  consider  wliat 
observance  of  the  day,  if  any,  AviU  he  appropriate  in  itself 
nnd  acceptable  to  the  people.  And  on  the  Fourth  of  July 
I  presume  the  City  Government  will  not  omit  the  celebra- 
tion to  which  the  people  have  been  accustomed  from  the 
earliest  times." 

At  llic  meeting  of  the  r.oiinl  ef  Al.U'rinen,  January  (Uh,  LSTC. 
the  following  onlev  was  adopted  :  — 

0,-deP''l,    Tlmt    the   ('h;iinii;ni   :>n.l    four    meiiilifi's   of   the    \\o:m\  of' 
AMonnoii.  witli  siidi  as  the  Cnmnion  Couiu.m'   "  -1"    '"■  •■'  .■n,ni,iilt,H. 


to  c'ons'uk'i-  am 
the  Sev(Miti'i'nl 


1  ro|)ort  ill  wliat  way  i 


t  will 


bo  I'Xl 


}(Mlieiit  to  CfU'lirMlc.  on 


h  of  .March  iioxt,  tlio  CciitiMiiiial  aiiiiiviTsary  o 


f  till'  I''.ViKai- 


of  lioston  by  the  Ih-itish  army,  ami  on 


tion 

Contoniiia!  auniviavary  o 


if  the  Declaration 


the  l''onrl!i  of  July  next,  the 
:if  American  Imleiieiuleiice. 


And  .Mdernien 


John  T.  Clark,  (Jliairmo), 


Iliio-h  O'l'.rii 


Choatc   Burnhani,  and   Fr; 


Ah  all  A.   r.nrrago, 

•is  'i'lKinipson,  wcro 


(ipiK 


iited  as  Midi  eouiu) 


IlittCH 


Attl 


le  iiu'cliii!''  o 


I'  the  I'oin 


i;i,  tl 


le  on 


iler 


nson  Coniicil,  January 
id   (.'oiincilnu  n  J.  Q.  A.  I'.rackctt, 


was  passed  in  coiu-nrrenei 

rremhni,  Cnrlis  (inild,   Edwin  Sil)ley,  John  Sweotser 


William 


G.  Tr 


Otis  II.  Pierce 


Frederick 


(1.  Walhrldgo.  and  William 


rdanehard  were  i 


)ined. 


Tl 


le  order  was  approvi 


d  hv  the  Mavoi.  January  l.'>.  tsTIi 


On  the   ITlh  i 


if  J 


iiiiuai 


•V   tlu'  eoinniittee   rep( 


ried 


in  \) 


irt,  rec- 


i:\AClATIOX    UK    lJ(JSTO\. 


Jl 


ft 


oiiiiiu'ii(liiiir  timt  lliL'  Mayor  and  the  Cliairniaii  of  tliu  IJoanl  of 
Aldcniii'ii  lie  autliori/cfl  to  eiigage  an  oi'alor  loi-  tlir  Si'vi'iilcf ntli 
of  ^farcli.  and  an  ordci'  to  lliat  ctfeut  was  passed  liy  tlitj  t'ity 
Conncil. 

On  the  iMlli  of  Jannary,  tlio  ('oiiiniitti'i'  aL'ain  n'|)oi't('(l,  ivcom- 
niundinir  lliat,  in  addition  to  tiic  (jration  already  jirovidcd  lor,  the 
Seventeenth  of  Mnrcii  he  observed  as  follows  :  — 

l>y  liriaj^  salutes  at  sunrise  and  >uiwet,  iiud  liy  fiu^iug  the  elun-ch 
bells  at  suui'ise,  noon,  ami  sunset  ;  tluil  the  neeupanls  of  the  stores  and 
(luelliufis  <iu  Washington  street  be  requested  to  rteeorate  their  buildings  ; 
that  the  locations  of  the  fori  i  Ileal  ions  on  lioston  Xeck,  and  other  places 
of  historic  interest  in  the  city,  be  decorated  ;  that  Bunker  Hill  ^bjiui- 
niont,  Dorchester  Heights,  and  the  priueipal  [juIjIIc  buildings,  be  illu- 
minated ;  and  that  the  General  (iovernnient  lie  requested  to  fire  salutes 
fioni  the  Nav3-  Yard  and  tiie  forts  in  the  harbor;  and  that  the  Stale 
anthorilies  be  requested  to  ilbnniiuUe  the  State-Ifou>e.  Citizens  resi- 
dent ni\  the  principal  squares  and  thoroughfare-  were  reqiu.'sted  to 
illuuiiinit(!  their  dwellings  on  the  evening  of  the  Seventeenth. 

The  conuiuttee  ajipentled  to  their  repoit  the  following  order, 
which  Mas  adopted  by  the  City  Council,  and  a[)|)roved  hy  the 
Mayor  on  the  .)!h  of  ]*'el)rMar\' :  — 


Ordered,  That  tlie  Joiut  Special  Coniniittee  who  were  appointed  to 
consider  and  report  in  what  way  the  eeuteimial  annivi^isary  of  the  evac- 
uation of  lioston  by  the  15rilish  army  should  be  eelol)iated,  be  authoi- 
ized  to  make  arrangements  Inr  the  [)roper  eelebi-ation  of  that  occasion, 
at  an  ex|ieus(>  not  excee<ling  live  tliousand  dollars,  to  be  char'^cd  to  the 
a|)pi-oprialiou  for  Incidentals. 

In  acciu'danci'  with  the  lU'iler  passed  hy  the  City  Council,  his 
IIoniH- the  Maycn-  invited  (ieorgc  E.  Kills,  1).  1)..  lo  ddixcr  the 
(ualimi,  and  the  luverend  ,lac(d)  M.  Manning.  I).  I»..  to  .act  as 
eliaplain,  ini  the  occasion,  and  hcdh  gentlemen  ,aceei)tcd  th(! 
in\il.atlon. 


12 


CKXTEXNIAti   ANNIVEItSAHY   OK    IIIK 


DECORATIONS. 


I 


'I  ho  sciisoii  of  the  yv.iv  \n'\ng  imfUvoi'ulilc  t'oi'  out-door  decora- 
tions, llic  .siili-coiimiittcc  liiiving  tlio  niidtcr  in  cliargc,  tlcenied  it 
ndvisaiilt.'  to  dcsiirnate  siiuli  places  only  as  were  situated  upon  the 
lines  of  niarcli  of  the  advancing  and  retreating  armies,  lieginning 
iit  the  iidvanccd  line  of  the  American  fortilications  in  Koxbury, 
and  terminating  at  the  point  of  eniharkation  of  the  liritish  troops 
on  Long  AVhaif. 

The  following  places  were  thus  designated  :  — 

AMKKICAN   FdHTIl'ICATKlXS. 

Tlio  original  line  of  American  fortilications  crossed  what  is  now 
AVashinglon  s'reet  on  the  lino  of  division  between  Boston  and  Koxbiny, 
near  tlio  present  Clifton  phicc.  On  tlio  23d  of  Ani^ust,  1775,  the  work 
of  fortifyins;  Lamb's  Dam  was  begun,  and  upon  the  completion  of  that 
work  the  line  of  foitification  was  advanced  to  a  point  a  Utile  south  of 
the  present  Nor'lliaiiipton  street. 

Lamb's  Dam  extended  from  about  the  junction  of  Hampden  and  Al- 
bany streets  to  a  point  near  the  iircsent  AValuut  i)lace.  It  was  orig- 
inally built  to  Keep  llie  tide  from  ovcrllowhig  the  marshes,  and  followed 
very  nearly  the  present  line  of  "Northampton  street,  diverging  .-lightly 
to  the  southward  as  it  neared  the  highway.  At  the  termiuatii)n  of  the 
Dam,  on  the  upland,  a  strong  breastwork  was  const ructe'l,  and  from  that 
the  intronchments  extended  across  the  highway. 

The  works  were  completed  September  10,  1775,  without  opposition 
from  the  British,  allhough  within  musket-shot  of  their  advanced  posts. 


I.OCA  TION  OF  ItKOWX'S  IKIUSK. 
The  house  and  barn  of  Mr.  Brown  stood  on  the  west  side  of  the  high- 
way, near  the  present  location  of  Franklin   scpuire,  and   about  twenty 
rods  in  advance  of  the  British  line. 


K\A(  lATION   OF   llOSTOX. 


i;j 


'I'lio  biiilililij^s  wen;  ucmpicd  by  tlio  15i-ili>li  tniii|K,  iiml  .•^ci'vcil  ;is  ;i 
jiosl  from  «lii(li  t(i  annoy  tlio  Aniciiciins. 

On  tlir  Mil  of  .Inly.  ITT'i.  !i  |i:irly  of  volnnlccis  iVoni  IIk'  AnicricMn 
iirniy,  nndiT  connniMid  ol'  Mnjors  'rMppcr  nml  Cinnc  ;illa('kri|  llic  posl, 
ilrovo  ill  llio  ij;iiiiiil,  !in<l  sot  fire  to  the  lin'Miiiirs. 

Tills  (VMS  the  only  ;n'iiU'il  conllii'l  lirtwcr'ti  Iho  o|rp(]-ing  iirmii'S  wliirli 
took  place  williiii  llic  oiiLjliial  liinils  of  lioslon. 

It  was  at  Iii'own's  lioiisi'  lliat  (loncral  Itiirj;oy nc  prnposcd  lo  nu'cl 
ficncial  1,01'.  lo  discuss  Ihc  dill'ricnccs  cxistini;'  Iji'twirii  llic  colonics  and 
tlic  niolhcr-coiinliy. 

I'.KiriSIl    inlMIFK.'AlliiNS   (i\  'I'lll';   Ni;CI\. 

'I'lic  main  line  of  tin;  l!iiii~li  foililicalioiis  crossed  tlie  Neck  Ijclucen 
Dedliani  and  ('anion  strccls.  Tlie  works  were  considered  very  slroiifr, 
nionnlinjj  tweiily  guns  of  heavy  calilire,  together  willi  six  howitzers  and 
a  nioi'tar  baltcry. 

The  road  passed  direelly  thronirli  the  eenlrc  of  the  W(jik  and  was 
closed  b\'  gales. 

Tho  fortification  nearest  llie  town  was  known  as  the  ••(Irccn  Siore 
Battery,"  and  was  situated  just  south  of  tho  present  ■\Villianis  jraikcl. 
Its  naiiio  w.'is  taken  from  the  warelionse  of  Deacon  Drown  which  stood 
on  Iho  silo  of  AVilliains  JIarkel,  .and  was  paiiilod  green. 

A  barrier  was  eroded  at  tliis  point,  prior  to  KlKl,  as  a  protection 
against  the  Indians,  and.  in  1710,  by  vote  of  the  town,  a  strong  work 
was  conslrneled  there.  In  So[ili-mbcr,  1  771,  fleneral  fSago  caused  tin! 
remains  of  the  old  works  Id  be  sticnglhcned.  The  road  [lasscd  through 
the  centre  of  tho  works,  and  was  closed  by  a  gate  and  a  drawbridge. 

A  person  who  entered  tho  town  soon  after  it  was  evaeiiated,  describincr 
these  fortilications,  says, '■  Wo  foniid  the  works  iipmi  the  Xock  enliro, 
the  cannon  spiked  n|),  the  shells  chiefly  split,  and  many  of  the  cannon 
carriages  cut  to  pieces;  these  lines  niion  the  Xeek  were  handsomely 
built,  and  so  amazingly  strong  that  it  would  have  bi:en  impracticable  for 
lis  In  have  I'orccd  them." 

The  works  were,  by  Washington's  order,  rendercij  useless  after  the 
eonliiHiital  arm\  moved  to  New  Voii.  >,,  Hkii  the  enemy  could  not 
make  llieni  available  in  ease  thcv  slioiiM  reeain  the  inuii. 


ffr^:^.^^mif^rt-^- 


14 


cKvrr.wiAr,  \nmvi:i;s  \i!V  or   riii'. 


i,iiti;i;iv-iiii-.i;  iirii.i)iN(i. 

Till'  I,ili('iiy-liri>,  M)  ii.'iiiii'il  rriirii  ils  liciiiu;  iiscil  on  thi'  lii'-<t  iici'ii^'hui  nf 
|i\lljlic  ri'~i-i|imro  lo  tlic  Sliiliip  Act,  s(()(h1  iic.'ir  the  [irrscul  cdi'iii'l'  nf 
Kssox  ;Uiil  \V!isliiii;4lip|i  -li-ccl-i.  II  \v;c<  (piu'  nf  a  liiuiilici'  <if  inau'nilii'i'Mt 
('Im«  wliirli  i.'i'i/\v  ill  Hint 


M'alilv. 


Oil  111!'  MDi  of  AiinM-^l,  IVi'.'i,  an  i'Mii:y  "I'  Mi'.  Oliver,  llii'  staiii|i  cf- 
lii'cr,  Iniii'llicr  with  a  bonl  willi  a  ili'\il  [pfc|iiim  mil  oi'  il. —  an  allii^inn 
to  I.ciiil  lliitc, — wcio  (liscovcri'il  lianuini;  on  tlio  tree,  ami  soon  al'lci  llio 


1  lo  iiiiM't  tlio  Sons 


siiinc  !Mi'.  OiiviM',  iiiiicli  a^iaiiist  liis  will,  was  conipcni'i 
of  I.ilicrty  at  llii'  lice,  ami  niiiNi-  a  ]>iiMic  recanlalion  i if  his  si'iiliineiils  In 
favor  of  the  Slani|i  Ael.  In  Novi'inlicr,  ITl'..'),  Uvo  of  the  Uiii'_''s  ailviscrs 
were  liiiiiu  in  i'IHl'V  upon  I  he  liir. 

I'l'diii  ITti'iiinlil  till'  liiilisli  troops  took  possc~.,i(iii  nf  the  lown.  the 
tree  was  faiiions  iis  tlio  plaec  of  nit'eliiiii  of  the  .Sons  of  l.ihi'rly,  iiiul  the 
groiiiul  aroiiiicl  il  was  popularly  known  as  I.ilicrly  Hall.  In  17117  ii  Ihi;^- 
stalf  was  crecti'il.  whirh  cnIcikIi'iI  ilirmi^^li  anil  ahovc  llic  hiaiu'lii's  of  tho 
tri'f,  ami  a  llau'  ili-playcil  fiom  ihis  siaU'was  a  si^iiial  for  the  iissenililinji 
of  tho  Suns  of  LiliiTly.  I'liilor  the  luanclu's  of  lluj  tri.'('  niatti'i's  of 
piililic  eonci'rii  wi'ic  disoiisscil  iliirinu;  thr  slirrini;  tinios  wlii<-h  pr.'ccdi'il 
the   acliiiil   (•oiiiiiicnci'iiu'nl    <jf  hoslililic-,    ami   many   of  llic   |iroiiiinont 

actors    in     tlic^     n-vohilioiiary     conllicl     toolc    a    lively     pail      in     tho 

pioeoediiins. 

'I'lie    Iroo   was  (ait    down    in   Aie/ii^l,    177."i.   liy    tho   Tories    and    the 

Uiilish  troops,  iniieli  to  Ihe  vexation  of  the  patriols  who  remained  in  the 

town  dnriiiu:  the  sieee.     AVhile  Ihe  tree  was  heiiiLr  eiil  down,  a  soldier,  in 

attempting  to  remove  a  liiiili,  fell  and  was  killed. 

Allndiiii;-  lo  the  event,  Ihe   '•  I'',ssi'.\  ( l.a/.elle,"  of  Aii;.;ilst  .'list,  177.'i, 

says,  ■'  Armed  wiili  axes,  they  made  a  furious  attack  ii|ioii  it.     After  a 

loni^  s|ie||  of  hni;j;liinn  and  jj;riiiiiiii'^',  swealin;;,  sweaiin";,  and   foamint;, 

with  malice  (lialiolii-.al,  tlie\   ciil  dnw  ii  ;i  lici'   heeaiisi'  il  liore  Ihe  name  of 

liberty." 

A  freestone  bas-relief,  sel    in   the  front  of  the  luiiidiiej;  on  the  corner 

of  Essex  and  Wa^-hintilon  sireets,  marks  the  spot  where  Ihe  tree  stood. 


\ 


s«/r- 


f    H.jn.T-  -,-.'tw        .J^ '1**  * iii  ■  ■ 


-.1 


V. 


■-« 


i.5 


;t> 


EV'ACtJATIOX   Ol'   JiOSTOX. 


15 


TIIK    ()L!)    SOITII    (■linjCll. 

Till' pri'^ciit  liiiildiiiir  was  i'icrt(<(I  ill  17l".i;  wlini  Imill  il  was  siliiali'cl 
III  wlial  was  lli(>ii  coiisiilcMi'il  llic  suiilli  iiarl  uf  Ihr  Iciwii.  aiul  uas  kiidwii 
as  tlic  SiMilli  Mt'i'tillg-luiiisL'.  Till'  iiaiih'  ••  (»li|  Siiiilli"  was  <:ivoii  il  al'liM- 
till' orocliiiii  of  tliL'  '•  Xi-w  Siiiilli  "  ill  Suiiinn  r  slrt'i'l.  'I'jic  liiiijiliim-  is 
('s[n'rially  licli  ill  liistmic  assdciatioiis.  Here  Ilie  (ii-alimis  on  Uie  aiiiii- 
ViTsai'ii'S  (if  till.'  BiisUui  IMassacre  wcit  drlivcreil,  niiil  lis  walls  resoiiildi'il 
«itli  the  eliii(ii(  nee  nl'  many  wlm  al'leiwaids  exeiiiiililieil  tlieir  patriotism 
liy  deeds  as  well  as  woi'ils.  1  lere  was  lield  llie  iiiiet  iliii  w  liieli  eiiliiiiiiated 
ill  the  deslriielion  of  llii.'  tea  in  liosimi  llailior.  The  nuetinn'  was 
ailjoiiriied  from  l'"aiieiiil  Hall,  that  hiiildiiij;  not  lieiiiu  lai;.ie  enough  to 
contain  the  crowil.  The  Old  Soiitli  Clniieh  was  looked  n|ion  with 
espeeial  disfavor  liy  the  liritisli.  on  aeeoiint  of  the  nieeliiigs  of  ilie  patri- 
ots whifli  •were  held  there,  and  in  177.)  it  was  taken  possession  of,  at 
the  instance  of  Gi'iieral  l!iirL;-oyne,  and  converted  into  a  i-iding-sehool 
I'oi'  the  use  of  till'  Oin'en's  Light  iJia'/oons. 

']"lie  east  galleries  were  allotted  to  speelatois.  and  a  refresliment-rooni 
was  titled  np  in  the  llrsi  gallery;  the  pulpit  and  pews  were  removod  and 
Used  I'or  fuel,  and  the  lloor  was  covered  with  dirt  and  gra\el. 

After  the  town  was  evaeiialed  li\  the  l!riti-li  the  Old  South  Society 
\voi-sliip[ieil  in  Iviiig's  C'haiiel,  wliieli  had  lieeii  aliandone'l  by  its  rector 
and  congregation. 

lilt:  III. I)   M  A  It;  lliilsi;. 

The  [ircseiil  hiiildiiig  w.as  eireled  in  17|.s  for  a  town-honse.  The 
meoliiigs  of  the  Colonial  Coiiils.  the  I'rovineial  Coiiiieil,  and  the  (ieneral 
Court  of  the  Colony  were  held  in  il.  Tin'  reiireseiitatives  met  in  a 
clianilier  situated  ;il  the  west  eiiil  of  the  Imihling,  and  here,  according'  to 
,lohii  .\dains.  '■  Inilepi'iidenee  was  horn." 

The  news  of  the  accession  of  (ieorge  III.,  the  last  cinwned  lieail  pro- 
claimed  in  the  colonies,  was  read  IVointhe  haleony.  ;iiid  on  the  l.'^lhof 
.)iil.\,  I77i;,  the  Declaration  of  Iiide|iendciice  was  read  I'rom  the  same 
place,  liy  the  Slierilf.  William  Crceideaf. 

\\  iini  the  I'.iilisli  lioops  ueri'  i|iiaileieil  i  •  the  town,  il  was  ii>ed  a^  a 
liairaek.  mid  in  it  ( Icnerals  Cage.  Howe,  and  CliiilMn  h,  hi  a  Coiiiieil  of 
War.  Iiefore  the  Itnltloor  liiinkcr  Hill. 


16 


CKNTKN'MAI.    AXNIVKKSAKY    OP    TIIK 


III  17>-:i  :i  InniiMiiUT  liulcoriy  was  eiTclccl  :it  the  wot.  (MhI  el"  tlic  liiiiM- 
iii-.  iVom  which  CriKTul  \V;i>hiiigtoii  rcvicwcl  tho  pi'or,.<,i,,ii  «hich  h:><\ 
I'SL'Oitcd  liiiu  iiili.!  tho  town. 

Al'trr  the  ()r,L;:ini/,atum  of  Iho  State  Covnniiieut ,  the  Ceiieial  Court 
met  there  iiiilil  the  eoiupletum  of  tlie  present  Slale-Iloiise,  in  IT'.IS. 
The  convention  to  nitily  the  Constitution  of  the  i:nite.l  States  liegan 
its   .sessions   thoiv,    and    in   it,   llio  Constitution    of  .Massaehnselts  was 

franieil. 

]n  \x.W  tliel)uihlinL'was  dedieatcd  as  a  City  Hall.  an<l  eontinned  to  bo 
oecni.ie.l  for  thai  puriH.se  until  the  Court  House,  whieh  sto(.d  on  tlie  site 
of  llie  pre-cMit  City  Hall,  was  remodeUed.  and  the  City  ( iov.Tnnie.t,  re- 
nioxed  tlie,.  In  l-s'.S  the  po-^t-olliee  was  located  there,  at  which  time  iv 
force  of  lil'teen  clerks  was  sullichMit  to  tran,~ael  the  husiness  of  the  depart- 
ment. 

iam;iij.   iiAi.i,. 

The  hall  erected  nud  presented  to  the  town  by  I'eli'r  Faneuil  was 
completed  in  ITli',  and  at  a.  town  meeting'  on  the  l:tth  of  Seplend)er 
of  th;i!  year,  tlie  huildinir  was  accepted,  and  a  vote  of  thanks  pa-M'd  to 
the'  donor.      Tlie  action  of  tlu'  town  \\:i<  as  follows:  — 

••Is  Town  ,Mi:i;riNi;.  liiisros,  Scptemlier  1:1.  ITri. 
'•Whereas  inforuiatiou  was  uiveii  to  this  town,  al  their  meetiiej;  in 
.luly,  171(1.  tlial  I'eler  Faneuil.  Kxp.  had  hceii  -•eneron-.ly  pleased  to 
oiler,  at  his  oun  prop'^r  oo<l  and  ehai-i'.  to  erect  and  huild  a  m.ble  and 
comideal  structure  or  edifice,  to  l.e  improved  for  a  maiki't,  lor  llie  sole 
use.  beiiclit,  and  advantage  of  the  town;  provided  Ih'J  town  of  I'.ostou 
would  pass  a  vote  for  tliat  purpose,  and  lay  the  same  under  su.'h  proper 
vegidati.Hi-  as  shall  he  Ihouiilif  ncve-^ary,  and  cnii>laully  support  it  for 
the  said  u>e  ; 

••  And  wherea-  al  the  said  nicelin-  it  w.-is  determined  to  accept  of  the 
oiler  or  pioposal  aforesaid  ;  and  also  voted  that  llie  sdc-luieii  slioidd  bo 
desired  to  wail  upon  Peter  Faneuil,  Ksip.  and  to  piv-eiil  the  thanks  of 
this  town  to  him.  and  aKo  to  aciuaint  him  that  the  town  have,  by  t lieu- 
vote,  come  lo  a  iv-.lulion  (,.  accept  of  his  rrenerous  olfer  of  erecting  a, 
niarket-house  on  Do.^k  sipiare.  according  to  his  proposal:  And  whereas 
I'eter  Faneuil,  Ksip,  has,  in  pursuance  thereof,  at  a  very  great  expense, 
erected  a  noble  striielure,  far  exceeding  his  lirst  proposal,  inasmucli  as  it 
contains  not  onlv  a  hiiL'e  and  snllicient  accommodalion  for  a  niaiket- 
pl.ace,  but  has  al'-o  superadded  a  spacious  and  most  beautiful  town  hall 
over  it.  and  several  other  c.mveuienl   rooms,  which  may  prove  very  ben- 


I 


EVACUATIOX   OF   HOSTOX. 


17 


I'ficial  to  the  town  for  odices,  or  otlicrwisi' ;  mid  llio  s:iiil  liiiiidiiij;-  ho. 
ing  iio'.v  (iiiislicil,  liiis  dclivcrt'd  posst'.-isiuii  tlicrccjl'  to  tlic  s<'lt'itiii('ii.  lor 
the  use  of  the  town  ;  it  is  tlicrofore 

"  Voli'd,  Tliiit  t!u;  town  do,  with  the  iitiiio-<t  irratiliido,  receive  and 
accept  this  most  ,!f(MU'roiis  and  nolile  benefaction,  for  tlie  uses  and  inten- 
tions llie\'  are  designed  for,  and  do  appoint  the  Honorable  Thomas  C'nsliing, 
Ksq.,  the  Jloderator  of  this  meeting,  the  Hon.  Aihim  Winthrop,  Kdward 
Hntcliinson,  Ezekiel  Lewis,  aM<l  Sanniel  Waldo,  Ksqrs.,  Thomas  Hutcli- 
irison,  Ksi).,  the  Sidectnien  an<I  repi-esentaliv(>s  of  the  town  of  Uoston, 
the  Hon.  Jacob  Wendell,  Ksq.,  James  ISowdoin,  Ksq.,  Andrew  Oliver, 
Ksq.,  Capt.  Nathaniel  C'nnningham,  I'eter  Chardon,  Ksq.,  iind  Mr. 
Charles  Apthorp,  to  wait  npon  I'oter  Fanenil.  Ksq.,  ioid,  in  the  ii.'uiie  of 
the  town,  to  render  him  their  most  hearty  thanlis  for  so  liotnitifiil  a  "■ift, 
with  their  prayers  that  this,  anil  other  expressidns  of  his  honntv  and 
cliarity,  may  be  abundantly  recom[)enced  with  the  divine  blessing." 

Another  vole  was  passed,  that  in  testimony  of  tlie  town's  gratitude  to 
I'eter  I'"antanl,  !uid  to  perpetuate  his  memory,  '-the  hall  over  tlie  market- 
place lie  named  ]'"aneiiil  Hall,  and  at  all  limes  liereafter  be  called  and 
known  liy  that  name."  As  a  further  testimony  of  respect,  the  selectmen 
wer(!  inslrueteil  to  procure  a  portrait  of  ^Ir.  Faneuil,  at  the  town's 
c.\|)ense.  and  place  it  in  the  hall. 

This  building  was  one  hnndreil  liy  forty  fi'i'l,  and  the  h:dl  W(.>uld  con- 
tain one  thousand  persons.  It  was  burnt  in  1701,  and  rebuilt,  liv  order 
of  the  town,  in  17(1:1,  a  lottery  being  authorized  by  the  State  to  aid  in 
the  design.  In  ISOG,  the  width  of  the  building  wa.s  increased  to  eightv 
feet,  and  a  third  .story  was  added. 

The  fir.st  oration  delivered  in  the  hall  was  a  eulogy  on  the  death  of 
I'eter  Faneuil,  pronotniced  by  John  Lovell,  A.  M.,  the  master  of  the 
Latin  School. 

During  the  siege  of  Boston  tlie  hall  was  titled  nii  inio  a  theatre, 
where  plays,  derisive  of  the  patriots,  were  performed. 

•■  In  this  hall  was  first  heard  the  eloquence  of  a  Hancock,  Ihe  two 
Adamses,  a  liowdoin.  a  Mi.lliueux,  and  a  Warren.  In  this  IkiII  w.as 
first  kindled  that  divine  spark  of  liberty,  which,  like  an  unconquerable 
llame.  has  |iervaded  Ihe  continent  —a  llanie.  which,  while  it  proved  :i 
cloud  of  darkness  to  the  enemies  of  America,  has  a|)pe:ired  liki-  a  [lillar 
of  tire  to  the  votaries  of  freedom,  .and  happily  lighted  tliem  to  euqiire 
and  independence."  —  Mussackusctls  Mmjuzine. 


18 


CKN'li;XNIAI,   AKNIVEIJSAKY   OF   TllK 


MAIN  CUJAIiD-IIOUSE  OF  THE  lilUTISIl  TROOl'S. 
"Wlioii  tlif  l".nti>li  tiooiis  hindi'il  in  liosloii,  Govenuir  I'mmikiviI  ^'ave  up 
the  Stato-IIonst'  to  tlu'iii,  nuuli  to  the  aniioyiuicc  of  the  coiiits  whicli  siit 
thciv,  and  to  lh("  uicirhaiits  and  cilizcns  wlio  used  tho  hiwiT  (lart  of  the 
buiUlin-  l(.i-  an  cxclning.' ;  afler  an  nnsncvsslhl  attempt  to  obtain 
possession  of  llie  ^lanniaetui y  luiildiii-  lor  a  hanaek.  olhi'r  l)niMin;4s 
were  pvocnie.l,  in  vaiions  pails   ..f  the  p.wn.  in  wlih'h  th.'  troops  vvere 

quartered. 

The  main  t;uard  was  justed  in  a  huildiuL'  on  Kiiiir  ^-llvet,  direelly 
oppoMte  llie  south  door  ol'  tlie  Slale-lIon>e.  and  two  lield-pieees  u<Te 
pointed  directly  towards  it. 

This  was  h>ok.'d  upon  as  a  menace  to  llie  lilierty  of  the  jieoide,  and  .an 
altcuipt  to  overawe  tlie  h-ishdive  au.l  judicial  bodies  whieli  met  in  tlie 
StateUou^e.  and  ninoh  indi.unation  was  .■xiiressed  thereat.  "When  the 
Superior  Court  met  in  Xoveiulier.  1  TO'.l,  James  Olis  moved,  '-Tliattlie 
,.„nrt  adjourn  to  Faneuil  Hall,  not  only  :'«  the  stench  oc'ash.ued  by  the 
ic-nlars  in  the  rei,re,-enlalives'  chamlier  miiihl  prove  infectious,  but  as  it 
was  dcroL'atory  to  the  luiuor  of  the  court  to  admiuisler  justice  at  the 
mouths  of  cannon  and  the  poinlsof  liayoncts." 

It  was  a  ilelaehnieiit  (.f  the  main  guard,  stationed  in  tliis  building, 
xvliic'li  tired  upon  the  pc'ople  in  King  street,  on  the  r.lh  of  March,  1770. 

LONG  WIIAUF. 
In  1709,  Oliver  Noyes,  and  others,  proposed  to  the  town  to  build  and 
maintain  a  wharf  with  a  sulllcient  common  sewer,  from  the  cud  of  King 
(  now  Stale)  >treet  to  low-water  mark,  "  leaving  a  way  three  feet  wide  on 
one  of  the  shies  thereof,  as  a  highway  for  the  use  of  the  inhabilant.s  of 
said  town  and  others,  and  to  extend  from  on.'  end  of  Ihe  same  unto  the 
other  forever;  and  leaving  a  gap  of  sixteen  Icel  wide,  covered  over,  for 
lighters  and  boats  to  pass  and  repass,  about  the  mid.llo  of  said  wharf,  or 
where  the  Selectmen  shall  direct,  as  also  a  passage-i.ay  on  the  new 
wharves,  on  each  side,  f,.r  cuts,  elc.  ;  leaving  the  end  of  said  wharf  Hee 
for  the  town,  when  tliey  shall  see  reason,  to  plant  guns  for  the  defence 
of  said  town."  Tlie  proposition  was  refcrre.l  to  the  Seleclmen.  who,  in 
1710,  reported  in  favor  of  aceei)liug  il,  and  ihey  were  authori/.ed  to 
execute  l\w  proper  instrninonls,  which  they  did  on  the  F'.th  of  May.    The 


^' 


'..» 


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■rl. 


u.. 


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llr*-^' 

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KVACL'ATION    OJ     liOSTo.V. 


19 


wliiiif  wiis  known  (ir.st  !is  '•  Itoslcm  I'irr,"  and  in  llioact  of  inwu'ixniiliDn, 
LriMulcil  in  177;.>,  is  (Icscriljcd  as  "  IJuston  Tier,  utlienviso  ciilli'il  dii'  Ldm;,' 
Wli.'uf." 

TIk!  property  was  iliviiloil  into  twonty-loiii'  -Ikmim,  ainl  (Ic^ccndaiiN  ni' 
soino  (if  tli(!  ciiliiiniil  owni'i's  still  rclain  tli.-  (iwn.'i.-liip  of  ^liair^  and 
stores.  In  171,"),  diiiinu  llie  war  with  Fraiiep,  the  town  ereclrd  a  lirra>t- 
W(mI;  anil  plaiilcil  a  line  of  i^iiiw  upon  llie  ejid  of  the  wharC.  'I'liis 
ap|ieais  lo  lie  the  only  in~t:inee  of  Ihr  town's  :nailijij;  il^rlf  of  the 
reservalion  ennlaiiird  in  the  L:iaiil  lo  the  proprielors. 

After  llie  fall  ol'   1 isliiirij;,  ( lovci'nnr  Shirley  land.'d   here,  and  met 

with  a  brilliant  rec,  .lion,  (ieneral  (ia;:!'  landed  here  in  1771,  and  was 
received  by  the  nienihers  of  the  Coinieil  and  Honse  of  Ueiiresenlalives. 
Some  of  the  princip.-il  inh.Mliilanls  of  the  town,  wJ'h  the  eoiii|,;inv  of 
cadets,  e.seorlcd  him  to  the  t'onneil  ClKinilior  amid  saiute-  of  .•irlilleiv 
.and  the  cheers  of  the  peoph-.  Mosi  of  (he  ]?rili-li  troop-  landed  lioic, 
and  llie  .')lh  and  o^sih  liiilish  i'e,t;imcnts  pinliarlicd  from  here  for 
Ihinkei'  Hill.  Wln'n  the  lirilish  cvacnaled  llie  town  this  was  Ihe 
principal  point  of  emharUation.  A  lar<,'o  ipnuitity  of  sloros  was  lefl 
upon  Ihe  whaif.  and  (ieneral  (i:i!j;e's  chariot  was  (akon  from  the  dock 
hroken.  A  liriijantinc,  a  sloop,  and  a  schooner  were  seiillle.l  and  lefi 
there,  and  many  articles  were  foniid  in  llic  drjck,  ivliidi  had  lieon  thrown 
over  liy  the  Uritish. 


1 


20 


t'KNTl'.NMAI,    .\\MVi;i!SAI!V    OK     IIH; 


ILLUMINATIONS. 


On  111 


(■  CVI'IIIMl'  III 


Miircli  17,  I.s7t'>.  llir  rullouiiiL' liniMinirs  wcri 


illmiiiiiatcil  liv  llii'  i-ity  iuillinrilii's  ;  — 

Fanciiil  llnll,  ( 'il y  Hall.  lli<-  Old  SlMlr-IImisc.  ami  llic  Old 
Sdiilli  Chmrli.  'I'lic  Slalc-lloiiso  was  illiimiiiatcd  liy  llu'  ^^talf 
aiithorilifs.  Cai.'iiiiii  iiiilils  were  cxliiliili'd  I'nim  liic  lop  u\' 
lliiiik.T  Hill  .M.iniiiiiciit,  al  Doiclicslcr  llciirlils,  Cniiii  llir  Inp 
(if  the  Laurence  Sc1io(j1-Ii(iii>c,  and  fnmi  llie  ( 'cicliil  nate  slaiid-|iii)(t 
al  llie  lliuliiands. 

Inii'tfd  iiy  llie  Anierii'ans   dmint;  llie 


iililieiilnins  were  collis 


^lelXi'   (111 


D.irelioler  Ilei^lils.  (in  llic  liill  where  tlic  sliuul-i)ip(!  is 


silnale(|,  and  on  what  was  llien   Umiwn  as 
llie  I,aui'enc(^  Schdiil-linnse. 


Xddk's   Hill,  IIk.'  sile  (if 


The  fiilhiwiiii;  isalirief  aeediiiil  (if  the  lasl-iiu'nli(iii('(l  plaees  :  — 


i)()Uc:iiKsri',i!   iiKiiiins. 


'I'lie  works  (Hi   l)(irelic>!er    lleiulils  were    (•(Hisli 


Iriicted  Willi    ii  view  of 


l'oK-iii<illu>i'iieiiiy  Idalinck  llie  AiiieiicMii 


lines.    On  llie-iC.lluif  KelirnaiT, 


Wiisliiniildn  wrote:    '•  I   am    iire|iarin-    lo   lake   a  lni'-t   (in   Dureliesler 
Ileitilils,  Id  li-y  iC  the  enemy  will  lie  .so  kind  as  to  come  (lul  to  ns." 


'I'liework  of  (■onstnietin^-  the  rdrtilleatidiis  was  coi 


imeneed  about  eight 


dVldck.  on  tlie  night  of  the  Itli  of  March,  and  when  nioniin^'  dawned,  the 
works  wei-e  in  a  Cdinlition  I"  all'did  a  good  defeiieo  against  small  anus 
and  grape-shot. 

The  works  e(.iiimaiided  lidlh  the  hai'hor  and  the  town,  and  '.eft  Ili(^ 
l'.rili>li  liiit  one  idtenKilive.  eiUicr  to  evaiamle  the  town,  ov  Id  (hive  the 
Amerie:in<  IVoiii  their  forliliealioii-^. 

The  latter  conrso  was  determined  iiiuin,  and  lueiity-fdiir  hiin(h-ed  men 
were  ordered  lo  rendezvous  al  Castle  William,  for  the  pnrimse  of  making 
:i  night  attack  upon  the  works. 


KVAf'lATIOy    OF    ItOSTOX. 


21 


'l'h:it  .■iriciiKKiii  ;i  riiriiiiis  >l<]|-iii  mi'iisc;  tlic  >iirl'  wms  so  'jveni  ii|»iii  llic 

>li(in'  wlicro    llic    lioiils  wcio  lo  Ikivc    liiiidid   IIjmI    tlicy   cnul.l  iii>t    h:i\i' 

livcil  ill  il,  mill  llic  (loij^ii  W!iH  iibiiiiiliiticcl.     A  cDUncil  ul'  u.ir  \v:is  liclil, 
and  it  whu  ili'lonniiii'd  t(i  cviicimti'  (lie  tdwii. 


linMirUV    ]"i)KI'. 
Till'  ('iicliitililli'  stMllil-pilit'  IiiMlliS  (lie  site  (if  wIkiI,  Mils  ooilsiiii'iTil   ollU 
(■rtiii'  sli(iii|ii'^t  (orU  t'liiislnichMl  liy  llir  AiiifiicMiis  duriiiu'  llir  sipge. 

It    WMS  llllill     lIlldlT  llic  (lilccli(]ll  (if    (IcIKTill    KlKIX,  illul    "MS  lillclHIl    US 

llic  KoxliiiiT  Fort,  sometimes  ciilleil  the  lliuli  or  St:u'  Koil. 

The  sli'eii<;lli  of  Its  eoiislniclioii.  iiinl  lis  [lositioii  cjii  Ihc  top  of  ;i  steep 
hill,  reiidereil  it  almost  iiiiiireL;ii;ilile, 


The  iippoi 


MioKS    llll.r,. 
irniice,  on  llio  iiioniiii;'  of  Miireli   17th,  177(i,  of  the  foiMillcii- 


ill   liii>teiieil  the  deiiiiiiiiic  of  the  Hiitish  ti( 


It, 


iiierieiins 


tioiiH  on   Nool 

coinplotid\'  coiiiinaiidecl    the  touii.  and    its  possession   by  the  A 

woulil  phiec  the  IJiilish  forces  at  their  iiieicy. 

All  attonipt  WHS  made  by  the  Americans  to  fortify  il,  <in  the  '.Mli  of 
Mai-eh,  a  strons  detachment  being  sent  for  that  purpose  ;  but  one  of  the 
iiicn  kindled  a  lire,  which  was  seen  by  the  British,  who  coiiiMiencrd  a 
severe  cannonade  upon  tlieiii.  Fivi'  Americans  wcie  IxiUed.  and  the 
dclaclimiMit  was  forced  to  retire. 

On  tlic  li''lli  another  (letachmeiit  wiis  sent  to  the  hill,  and  -.m'ceeded  in 
I'ortifxinu:  it,  in  spite  of  a  heavy  cannonade,  and  the  ne\l  iiiorninj;'  the 
liritish  evaciialed  the  lonii. 


RECEPXrON  OF  THE  WASHINGTON  MEDAL. 


I 


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TIIl'^  AVASIlINniON  MKDAL. 


'I'lic  K"l''  Mi''l:il  ciiiiiMic'iuoriitivc  of  the  Kvnciialiiiii  ol'  lli.-inii  liccaMii' 
the  iiriipi'ily  (if  (ic'iii'gi:  Sli'ptoc  \V:ishiiii;(iiii.  (lie  son  ol'  Saiiiurl  \V:i-li- 
iiinloii,  who  wu-i  llio  Gi'iicral's  cMrr  lirollicr.  TIil'  nrxt  owner  nT  I  ho 
]M('(l:il  WMS  Dr.  Sainiifl  AValU'r  '\Va'<hiiijrloii,  chlcst  s(]m  ol'  (Icnri^o 
Slc|it(ic  \Va>hiiii;l(iii.  On  Ihr  (Iceca-c  of  Ihc  (hiclur  al.  Ila'^iMvood.  \ir- 
fliiiia,  ill  l^>.'ll,his  widow  l)e('aiMO  possessed  of  tho  relic.  .She  is  still 
liviiij:.  Slie  had  f;'iveii  it  to  her  only  .son,  Georjic  T.alayetle  AVashiiieton, 
who  had  inarrieil  the  daue'hter  of  her  brother,  the  liev.  Dr.  .lohii  ]>. 
C'leiiison,  of  (layiiKint.  Delaw.are.  On  tiie  recent  decea-.e  of  (ieor^ie 
].,al'ayette  Washiiii;lon.  the  Medal  Iiecaiiie  the  pro])erty  of  his  widow. 
Mis.  Ann  Ihill  Washiii^lon,  from  whom  with  [iroper  certillcales  and 
vouchers,  by  the  generous  co-operation  of  fifty  citizens  of  lio^loii,  it  hiis 
now  been  seciircil  to  the  perinnnent  ownership  of  this  city,  with  wliicli  it 
is  so  L.'ratefnlly  identified,  and  has  been   dei)o-,ile(l  in  tlie  I'ulilie  Library. 

'I'lins  il  ap|ie!irs  tliat  the  .Medal  has  lieeii  transmilled  throuiih  llie 
(leseeiiilaiits,  in  sncccssive  ee||,.|-n| jimg^  of  Cienoral  Washington's  rhler 
lirolhor.  They  have  fully  apprecialcil  its  intrinsic  and  symbolic  vahie, 
."iiid  have  anxionsly  taken  care  for  its  safety  nndcr  the  risks  and  perils 
which  have  attended  its  piescrvation.  Il  is,  itself,  a  most  beaniifnl  and 
perfect  specimen  (>f  workmanshi|i  of  the  die  and  mint,  and  is  witlunit  a 
blemish  or  any  perceptilile  wear  of  its  sh.arp  outlines.  Duiiici  our  civil 
war  its  then  owner,  (ieorgo  ].,afayette  Washinefou,  was  residing  ehM  en 
miles  from  Harper's  Ferry,  on  the  main  route  to  Winehesti-r,  where  lie' 
belligi'ieiits  held  allemale  pos>essi(ui.  The  Med.al.  in  its  original  CM>e 
of  grei'ii  se,al-..kin.  lined  with  vehel.  was  enveloped  in  eoHon.  and,  de- 
posiled  in  a  bii\.was  buried  in  the  dry  cellar  of  a  veiier.ilile  ninn-ion 
where  (leneral  W'ashiuLrlon  Usually  sp.  nl  iiiaiiy  uioulhs  of  ihe  ^.  iiial 
liorlioii  uf  llie  \e.-ir.  The  luiiiiiial  e.a>c,  uhieli  fell  into  deeay  b\  Ihi^ 
e\|in,-,nic,  accoiiipanii's  llie  .Meilat  in  its  proeiil  repo.>ilor\  . 


2G 


(  KNTKNMAI,    AN  M  V  I.KSAIIY    Ol"    'rilK 


The  stifci'ssivc  (iwiii'is  iif  this  precious  hcir-lnom  liiivo  oflcii  hucn 
soliciteil  lo  i);iit  willi  il  liy  |iriv:itr  iiii|)(ii'liMiily,  nr  I'or  piihlic!  iiisliliilions, 
hut  liMVc  :il«:i\s  (U'<-lliii'(l  tii  do  mi,  li:i\iiii;'  in  vii'W  IIimI  if  fvcr  it  iiiisscd 
out  (■(■  llicir  hiiiiils  il  sliouhl  hu  to  liiiil  its  r<'>liii;;-|il:ii,'i'  in  Ihi' (  ily  of 
IJoston.  'riic  losses  to  wliieli  its  owners  wei-o  <MliJeeteil  (hu'ing  tin'  JMle 
w:ii-,  eonenn  iiii;  witli  tlie  interest  of  tlie  oceM^inn  of  tlie  eenti'niii:il  tiny 
Avliieli  it  conMiieiuoriitetl,  eomliimd  to  iiidiiee  the  nie:isini's  wliieli  hiive 
li:i(l   sneh   ;i   I'elieitoils  fesnll. 

A  niemlier  of  the  Wiisliington  f;unily  ii'sidin'^'  in  'l\\:is,  lieinir  awaio 
of  tlie  willingness  of  his  kinswonimi  in  Dehiwiire  to  puit  with  the  Meihil, 
on  the  conditions  jnst  rcfened  In.  !idilress<'d  !i  Icttei',  on  the  (ith  of  Inst 
Dccrnilicr.  to  \\\>  Honor,  Jhiyor  C'obh,  niiduiij;  |ii<i[iosals  to  l.iiin;^'  idmnt 
the  inlencU'd  oliject. 

As  tlie  M:iyor  did  not  judge  it  expedient  to  pi'opose  !iny  ollici.'d  nction 
to  the  city  government,  he  eonsidted  with  the  lloi'.  Holiert  ('.  AViiilliKip 
on  the  siilijeet,  who  iniiiiedi:ilely  piciiMied  :i  suli>ciiption  pniier,  which 
he,  with  the  he.'iity  cu-operation  of  the  .Mayor  and  of  ex-.Mayor  the  lion. 
Otis  \orcross,  succeeded  in  having  lilleil  to  the  necessary  aniount. 

While  this  iiiea>iire  was  in  progress  the  l!ev.  Dr.  Clciiison.  the  uncle 
of  the  late  (ieorge  Lafayette  Washington,  and  tlie  father  of  his  «idow, 
Mis.  Ann  IJnII  Washington,  not  heiiig  aware  of  the  laels  just  staleil,  on 
t'cliinary  I'l',  1870.  adilressed  a  letl<  r  to  the  Hon.  .loliii  ('.  I'aiii,  of  this 
city,  opening  a  diiect  funineiMcalion  lietween  tlu'  owner  of  the  .Medal 
and  lliose  who  were  interesli  n  its  trau'-fer,  In  this  letter  Dr.  C'h'iu- 
sou  wiiles:  "  I  might  st.ilc  that  the  .Medal  «as  veilially  purchased  liy 
(iovernor  .\udri>w.  of  your  Male,  and  on  this  honored  day  [the  liirlh- 
day  of  Washington]  was  to  have  luen  iiresenlcd  to  _\i.iir  cilizeus.  lint 
his  pirniature  death  Jirevented  the  eonsumrnalion." 

'I'liis  ^ledal,  of  whii'h  a  desciiplioii  uill  lie  f.iiind  in  the  following  pages 
of  thU  Mijuine,  \uis  ||ie  olll,^  H"l'l  medal  given  liy  Congress  to  (ieneral 
Wnshlngton,  IliMweeii  the  dale  of  iMarcli  -'.i.  177(1,  wlieii  this  gill  was 
bestowed  liy  a  lesohe  of  Congress,  and  Ihe  year  K^ili,  liy  voles  of  IIk! 
same  hody,  a  series  of  ten  more  gold  medals  was  si  ruck  at  llie  Paris  niini 
ei^inuieinorative  of  the  gri'at  events  and  the  great  men  of  the  War  of  the 
Kevohitioii.  The  French  (loverninent.  |iieseiued  a  set  of  these  in  silver, 
ineludiiig  also  one  in  the  same  met.al  of  that  which  had  Iieeii  uiven  to  him 


KVAfTATIOV    OK    liOSTOV. 


27 


ill  i;olil,  to  ('!('iici-;il  Wiishiii'/toii.  II  is  iisscrtcd  thai  tlicv  wci-f  ini'pMicil 
siilisl;iiili:illy  iiiiilt'i'  llic  (liit'i'tioii  of  hal'ayiMlf.  Tliis  scries  of  clcvi'ii, 
liiiouM  as  tlio  '• 'Wasliiii^toM  ;\rc(lals,"  on  tlio  iloccnst'  of  llic  c'lilldlcss 
(iciuM'al,  were  ilisposcd  nt'  with  olhi'i'  similar  treasures,  under  llu'  direc- 
tion of  liis  administralor.  .TiidLre  liiishrod  Washington,  iiinoiig  tlie  heirs- 
at-hi\v.  They  aft<'rwards  came  into  the  i)oss(>ssioii  of  the  Hon.  Daniel 
AVclistcr.  anil,  soon  after  his  decease,  into  the  lian<ls  of  liis  IVieiid.  the 
Hon.  I'l'tei-  Ilai'vey.  of  lio^ton.  This  L'enth'nian.  in  April,  IsTI.  most 
^elH'rou^^ly  bestowed  them  upon  the  Massaelnisetts  Historical  .Society, 
in  whose  cabinet  they  are  now  i;rati'fnlly  treasured.  Tints  all  the 
"  W'dsliiiiijlnu  Mciliils"  are  now  in  Ihi'  City  of  Huston. 


rii()ci:i;i)iN(;s  of  •fiii-;  Cfi'v  coixcir,  T!i;ti.\Ti\'i'.  to   \\\k 

\V.\SllIN(il()N"    MTdtAL. 

At  ;i  nicetiii!.;'  of  (he   I'loai'd  of  Aldcftiicii,  Marcli  20,  ISTti,  llio 
rollowin!^  coiniiiiiiiicatioii  wtis  received: — • 


I-"..\r.i  I  rivK  l)r;eAirr.Mi;Nr,  March  20,  l.^TtJ. 
To  Tin;  HoNoiiAin.r;  tiik  C'lrv  Coincii.  :  — 

G'ciill'tiiicii,  —  It  atforils  me  nuich  pleasnrc  to  inf)iiii  yon  that  the  Liold 
Medal  (ircsented  to  General  (icorge  Washington  by  the  American  Con- 
gress in  177f),  connnemorative  of  tlie  evaiaiatioii  of  lioston  by  the  British 
troops,  was  recently  pnrrlia'^e.l  of  the  Washington  family  by  a  ffw  of 
onr  citizens,  to  be  given  by  them  to  the  City  c^f  lioston  an<i  preserved  in 
the  lioston  I'nblic  Lilirary.  This  most  valnable  ri'lic.  so  iiecnli.arly 
intere-ting  to  llosfcjn  as  commemorating  the  most  important  e\ent  in 
her  history,  has  been  placed  in  my  hatiils,  and  by  ine  transferred  to  the 
Trustees  of  the  I'nblic  Library,  in  whose  ciistoily  it  is  to  remain,  in 
acconlaiiee  with  the  wishes  of  the  donors.  A  copy  of  tlio  snbscription 
list,  witn  the  pieanilje  sl;itiiig  the  object  of  the  snliscripti.-n.  is  enclosed 
lu'rcH  ith. 

SA>H  KI.    C.    (OHl;,   .1/"^'))-, 


28  r|-.XTKXXl.\T.    ANNIVF,T!SAI!Y    OF    TIIK 

[rC'V.] 
Tl,o  \nV'H'  "oM  Mra.l  pivsml..,!  to  W;.sl.iMgt<m.  by  C.iV^ivss,  for  liis 
si.rvi.T.  -mrslMUv^  Ih-  lirilisl,  fom's  Ihm.  n.,st..n  on  tl.o  ITtb  ..C  Maivl,. 
ITTC.  hnvin-  ivMiaincl  in  Ihe  \VM>lm,-tnM  laiuilv  lor  .  luMwhr.l  v.'a.'s,  is 
„„„..  „ui„^  to  Iho  n.c<.>usl.n..s  of  iln  in.uuMU.te  own.T,  pr,v.t..ly 
,„U.,va  Ibr's.lo.  Tl.o  „nacrsign..l,  IV.lin^  a.'.-i.ly  IhMt  s,„-h  iv  .u..Mmr,ul 
sboMhl  bo  n,„onu  Ih.  n,ost  .U.r\>h.a  t.v.smvs  of  onr  rity,  .u„l  sboubl 
,,,,,„i„,v  ..o  nnwh.T.  .Isc,  hcR.by  <L.'rec  to  bo  rosponsiiao  to  .u  mnoi.tit 
not  cxm.bn-  o.,o  hmubva  clolbu's  o...b,  lo.  tbo  imfol.Mso  of  the  .M..b.l, 
to  bo  i.ioscnt.Ml  to  Il.o  City  of  liuslou,  and  inrsmvoa  foievor  ui  tbo 
Boston  I'liljbr  I.ibniry. 
Dkclmiiku,   1ST.'). 


i 


liolicit  C.  Wintlirop, 

,Tohn  Aiiioiy  I.cjucII, 

W.  Aiiiory, 

.lohii  L.  (iaiibior, 

Samuel  ('.  Colib, 

IJolioit  M.  Mason, 

C'harb's  Francis  Ailanis 

Otis  Xorcross, 

N.  Tbaycr, 

Cora  V.  Sliaw, 
Martin  Urimnior, 
William  Ca-ton. 
Eihvard  Austin, 
Abbott  Lawronco, 
II.  r.  Kiiblor, 
.Tamos  Tarkcr, 
H.  11.  IlunnowoU, 


S.  1).  Warren,  (ieorge  W.  Wales, 

Natlianiel.l.r.radleo,  K.  U-  Mnd-e, 

J.  IngersoU  l$o«(liloli,  William  W.  ■|-ueker, 

Ilvnrv  L.  rioreo,  Heniy  (i.  Denny, 


'1'.  (i.  ApiiU'ton, 
William  Ainiloton, 
William  Kn.lieott,  .Ir. 
Cbarles  FaulUner, 
llein-y  Lee, 


•lanu'S  L.  Little, 
V.  V.  llrooks, 
Siilney  lirooUs, 
Isaao  'I'baeber, 
Uenrv  A.  Wliitney, 


William  S.  Appleton,  liielianl  C.  C.n'enloaf, 

Mary  I'.rewer,  Thcnmis  WigglesNv,.rtli, 

C.  A.  lireuer,  Alvah  A.  liurrage, 

George  C.  liiehardson.  Alexantlor  H.  Hioo, 

Amos  A.  Lawrence,  .lames  Davis, 

Kben  D.  .Jordan,  K.  1'..  Uigelow, 

Waller  Hastings,  Charles  Wliitney. 
J.  lluntinglon  Woleott, 


St'lit   il()\Vll. 


i:VA(  lA  TION    OI'    liOSTON. 


20 


At  tlic  m<'otinj.f  "('  till'  Cniiininii  ('(ninril,  Alnrrh  l'.'kI,  tlic  cdiii- 
iiiiiiiii'iitiipii  UMs  icMil  and  |iliMci|  cm  lilc,  and  Mr.  (Jiiilil,  lA 
\\'ar<l  1*,  mI'Iit  mjiut  aiiiH'dprialf  remarks,  Dll'i'rcil  tlir  lollowing 
resolves  :  — 

Hi'xiilr,!!.  'I'liat  till'  lliMuks  111'  Ihi!  Cily  CiMiiicil  lie  presented  In  Ilnii. 
Hdliert  ('.  Wiiillirni)  and  Ids  assoeiates,  (iir  their  active  interest  and 
siieeesstal  ell'url  in  proeiiriiiif  and  iireMeiitiiiL;  to  tlie  Cily  f'onneil  of 
lioston  the  valnablo  Medal  whieli  was  ^iven  to  (leneral  AVa--hin;^ton  in 
c'onniieiiiorMtiiin  of  liis  distin;.ini-ihed  serviecN  in  eonipellinij;  the  snrriiidor 
of  tlie  Town  of  lioston  liy  the  liritisli  Army  in  1770. 

7iV,sv//(V7/,  'I'hat  the  niendiers  of  tlie  City  ('onneil  arc  esppcially  <:rati- 
(ied  lliat  tills  preeioiis  nieinorial  of  Wa-liiie.lton  is  heneefortli  to  aliide  in 
this  eity,  whoso  relief  from  [leril  was  the  occasion  of  its  emission  one 
Imiidred  years  a,i;o. 

'J'iic  vosolvos  were  read  (wieo  and  passed. 
Sent  up  for  coin'tirreinc. 


Tn  lioard  of  Aldeniien.  ^Vlareh  27,  1870,  the  foregoing  rcsidves 
were  passed  in  coneiirrenee,  and  were  approved  by  the  Mayor 
March  28,  1870. 

3» 


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SERVICES   IN   MUSIC  HALL. 


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23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  MS80 

(716)  872-4503 


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SEKVICKS    !N    MUSIC    HALL. 


>  >i 


I  lie  Mlisii'  Hull  \v:i-^  well  lill<il  liy  ;ill  ilitclli^riil  :iliil  MplM'ciiM- 
1iv(!  inidii'iicc,  (li(ir(iiiL;lily  iiiibiu'il  witli  tiic  s|piiit  df  the  (ii'(':i>i(iii. 
Tlic  L('iri>l;itiin',  the  City  ('oiiiicil,  Mini  rncnilirrs  (,t'  llir  ('i(y  (Iciv- 
cniiiiciit  (i((iii>i('(l  m'mIs  iijioii  till'  IIdoi'.  I'l'iiii  llic  plMlt'iiriii  were 
.sctiti'il  llic  princiii.-iK'ivil,  mililiiy  .•iiid  iinval  riiitcil  Slalcs  niliccps  ; 
His  Kxccllciicy  the  ( lovciiicir  ami  Slatl';  Hi-  Hdmhi- ilu'  LifiitriiMiit 
(iovcrniir  ;  His  Hdinn'  'lie  .Miiyor  ;  the  .(ii-ticrs  ot'  the  Suinciiir 
tluili(i:il  ('(iiirt,  tdi^i'llicr  willi  iii;my  Ic^adin^r  citi/.ciis. 

The  (l('c(irali(iiis  wci'c  foiiliiicd  aliii(i>(  ciilircly  tu  the  plaHni'Mi. 
and  Were  ap|i|-(iliriMl('  tci  the  (ic<a>iiin.  in  iVdiit  (if  tlic  ii|;:aii, 
cxtcMdiiii;-  triiiu  one  sidi'  oC  the  [ilatfoliii  tii  the  otlicr  and  hall'  way 
fo  the  cciliiiu',  Avas  a  inarooii-coldicd  ciiilai]!.  the  hdrdir  tiiiimicd 
willi  l)iiiitiiiij  nt'  till'  iiatimiai  cnlins  In  tin-  i-ciiirr  ot'  the  ii|i|icr 
cdi^i'  WHS  a  talik'l  licariiiv'  the  dale  "ITTil,"  siniiiniiiilcd  li\'  an 
caixlc.  At  the  (-(irncrs  to  llic  liulit  and  Iclt  rfs|icitiv('ly  wcic  fai - 
similes  dt'  the  dhvcist'  and  nvi'isc  of  the  WasliinL'^lnn  .Mi'dal. 
15idd\v  till'  centre  lalild  IniiiLr  a  wliitc  lianiici-  hcai-iiii.''  iipdii  it  a 
lci)r('siMitatidii  d(  till'  I'inr- Tic  r.  Iii'luu-  this  was  an  l'Lnirii>li  tlair 
niiii  a  n'pn'st'iitatiiin  dt'  thr  tir-l  Aini'rican  tlair,  the  stall's  (■r()>si'il. 
Till'  front  dl'  till'  plaU'dnn  was  di'mratcd  \vith  i  vcrirt'criis  and 
I'alla  lilii's.  rpdii  till'  I'arr  ut'  thr  iipprr  lialfiiny  wa-  a  irprc- 
si'iitalidii  i\l'  till'  rity  >c'al,  dri'dratrd  ..  illi  liniitim:  nl'  lln'  natinnal 
(•olnrs. 

Attai'lu'd  Id  the  t'l'diil  dftlii'  ii'adiiiLT  di'-k  "a-tlii'  nld  iiaUrli  tali- 
U'l,  licariiiLT.  in  rarviiiy;,  the  KiiiL^'s  Anns,  takni  I'l'inn  the  I'l'dviiu'L' 


3i 


CKNTKNNIAI.    ANN! VKIISAIIV    OK    TIIK 


llii 


liiimlri'il  yours  Mg<.  ;  1)1vs(Mvc<1  in  llu'  caliim 


I  of  tlic  Miiss. 


Ilistorii'iil  S(H'i('tv,  Jiml  louiicd  fur  tlif  (icciision. 


At  -.'.iio  ii'cli 
the  M;i\(pr  Miltli 


Jlllrl'    lllllsli' 


1)V  till-  (icriiiuiiiM  I'>;niil.  Ills  Wmv 


■i\  11 


ic  ;iuilli'lli'('  111 


llic  f 


iillowiuiT  wcii'ds 


'J'l 


H'  IIK'IU 


Irts  (if  tills  asscinl)lv  arc  invited  to  -iivc 


tluir 


ntlcntion  wliili"  prayer  is  (.lleiiil  hy  the 


]{ev.  Dr.  Maiinliij. 


and  a 


i  the  (dose  to  nnlte  in  I'eiieatln^-  the  Lord's  prayer, 


I'u'v.  Dr.   MiiMiiiii.ir.  pMsfor  <if   llio  Old    Sdiilh    ('luinli.    tin 
)iriMvd  till'  foUdwiiiiJ:  iiniycr  :  — 


ri!AVi;i{  liv  lii.v 


HI!.    .\l\NMN(i 


A!mi"-litv  (iiHl.  whom  we  worship   as   the    maker  am 


lis 


.1 


npliultler  of  worlds;   w( 


nve 


'I'lu'e  onr  liuHd)le  and  most 


lu'ai'tv  thanks  lor  all  Thy  lavor  and  mercy  toward  onr  na- 


tive  land.     Especially  do  we 


now 


dui'ss  to  this  beloved  Commonw 


thank  Thee   for  Thy 
ealtli:   I'or  Tliv  favor- 


iiu 


orovidelice  I 


n  the  (lavs  oi'  its  inl'ancv  and  CceliKiie; 


aiK 


nr  own 


I   lor  the  men  whom  'I'hoii  didst   raise   up  in  o 
itv.  at  the  time  to  which  onr  thoujihts  now  ^o  hack,  who 


cilv 


forso(dc  their  homes  and  their  dearest   ti'casnres  and  n> 


ciations.  and  risWiM 


tl 


le  armed  invader,  ami  seenr( 


d  their  lives,  that   they  might  drive  out 
the  hlesslnR.s  of  liliertv  to 


lliemselK 


and  to  ns  tiieir  children 


Idi 


We  thank  Thee 


loi- 


tli( 


nice  V  hieh  Thoi,  diil-t  send  them,  which 


<;reat    delivera 

are  this  day  met   to  commeinorale 


We  thank  '!" 
that  the  motlier-conntrv,  that  Old  I'jiiiland  whose  opjii 


prov«d<ed  onr  fathers  to  take  up  arms 


against  her.  i> 


to-day  our  iirm   friend  and  ally  anion-    the  nation?:  of 
earth;   and   that    the    mother  and    dan;4hler  are    united 


KVA(  lATHiN    OK    |!<»T<)\. 


.T) 


cllnrls  to  iiiaintniii  ;i  -|iii'll  i>l'  |ii;icc  and  gDoil-will  l)i- 
twccii  tli(inscl\c^.  jiiid  ti>  cMciid  tlic  hlt'ssiiif^s  of  a  Cliris- 
tiaii  (In  ili/.Mtinii  ilii-(iiii:li<iut  llic  wnrhl.  We  lliank  Tlicc 
tliat  'I'linii  lia-1  |pn-.ii-\i(l  lu  >.>  ;^rial  a  dfiiifi'  llii'  valoi- 
and  sduniliios  ol'  oiir  Nrw  i'Iii;;land  .-tock,  so  tlial  lo-day 
tlic  (vrs  ol'tliu  nation  ari'  tnrnrd  liilliiTward  in  tiic  time  of 
cxli-cmity,  for  nion  who  >liali  .-tfrn  tlic  llootls  ofcoi'rnption 
at  lioiiif,  and  who  >hall  worthily  fi|iri-cnt  onr  s|)ii'it  and 
Liuafd  our  inlfi'c-t>  in  loi-(i;;ii  coints.  I'rcpai'i'  ns  ikiu, 
wc  licscccji  'rhfc.  to  jirolit  hy  tlic  lessons  of  histofic 
scciU'S  ami  I'Nriits  which  may  ])a~s  in  I'cvicw  hcl'oi-c  oni' 
minds.  I,ci  it  he  impressed  niion  ns,  while  wc  are  listen- 
ing- to  'I'liy  sei-\anl.  tiiat  a  jmre  and  npi'iulit  chafaeter  is 
llie  nio>l  |ii'eeio(is  relie  of  oiif  jia-1  history  whieh  wc  can 
chcfisli;  and  that  sueh  a  chafacter.  hnilt  np  in  ns  and  om- 
childien,  is  tin-  nohlc>t  montiincnt  wc  can  cfecl  lo  the 
mcinofv  of  the  nn'ii  who  hiiil  the  fonndations  of  om'  j;ov- 
orninciit.  liless,  wi'  Ik'scccIi  Tht-e,  om-  eiitife  land;  all  its 
I'nlcrs  'ind  all  its  people.  l{!e>>  this  lieloved  ( 'oinmon- 
wcalth,  the  citizens  and  those  who  aic  in  anlhoi'ity  o\ci' 
ns.  Hi'  ;:;i'acioiis  unto  the  city  in  which  we  dwill,  itcsfow- 
injj^  'I'hy  favor  upon  its  <;ovennnent.  upon  its  indiistiics, 
ii])on  its  chiii'ches,  its  schools  and  its  liomes.  !,et  ns 
never  dei;cnei'ate  front  the  heights  of  moral  exccUcni'e 
Avherc  our  fathers  st<ioil.  IJiit  a--  the  ccntin'ies  pa>s  away, 
one  after  aiiothi'r,  may  the  character  of  onr  people  he 
lifted  neartf  and  nearif  to  that  pi^rfect  stamhird  of  recti- 
tude which  is  set  hefore  ns  in  thi'  teachings  and  example 
of  'J'hy  Son,  desii^  Christ. 

Onr    Father,    which    art    in    Heaven,  hallowed   he    Thy 
name.       Thy  kingdom  come.  Thy  will  he  done  in  earth  as 


:») 


(  i;\Ti;.\MAI.    .\NMVi;i!SAI!V    dl'     I'lIK 


it  is  ill  licavcii.  (iivc  lis  liiis  linv  our  diiilv  hrciid;  iiiid 
lorj^'ivc  us  (iiir  (li'))ts  as  wf  lur^^iNc  diir  iK'l)t(i!'s;  and  :'.'ad 
us  not  iiiiu  t(in|ilaliiin.  Iiut  dclixrr  us  Iroin  i'\il;  I'nr  tliiiu' 
is  liir  kiii^doin.  and  tlii'  jiowcr,  and  tlic  ^niory,  Inrcvcr. 
Allien. 

At  tlic  ('(Hii'liision  (if  till'  |)iM\(r,  llic  ( icriiiMniii   I'mikI  phivcd  a 
sflt'ctioli,  iil'icr  uliicli  llic  ,M;iviir  spcjlic  ms  IoIIows  :  — 


INTIMUM  rldliV    Itr.MAliKS    HI'    M.VVuI;    Cdlili. 

l''i:r.r.()\v  CiTi/KNs: — (Jnc  liiindrcd  years  ago  to-day 
llif  llritisii  ami}',  ai'tcr  standing  a  sii'gc  ol"  almost  a  year, 
vaeatcil  tiie  town  f)l'  JJostoii  at  daybreak,  and  sailed  down 
till'  liarlior,  lioiind  lor  IlaliCax.  '^i'lie  ( '(iiitiiieiita!  tro<i]is 
iiiiiiiediately  inarclied  in  and  took  triiiin|>liaiit  possession. 
I'Voiii  tliat  day  to  tliis  no  hostile  l"oree  lias  trod  tlie  streets 
of  tile  good  old  town.  '^Ilie  nearest  approacdi  to  sueli  a 
liinirdiation  was  in  ISt)!!.  when  tlie  t'onlederate  army,  at 
tile  eulminating  point  ol"  its  siieeessi's  and  ]io]ies,  readied 
( Jettysbnrg.  That  army  did  not  arrive  in  IJoston  at  that 
time.  It  did  ari'ive  on  the  17th  of  frmie,  1875,  l)y  some  of 
its  representative  organizations;  not,  however,  lireathiug 
threatenings  and  slaughter,  hut  hi'aring  the  olive-branch 
of  IVace,  coming  Avith  fraternal  conlidi'iice  and  receiving 
a  fraternal  weleoiiu';  and  on  this  vi'ry  platform  ])laced  the 
palmetto  lieside  the  pine-tree, —  tlii'  two  symbols  never  to 
he  sejiarated  again,  so  they  said,  and  so  WH'  said. 

In  a  liki!  s[)irit  we  will  eelehrale  tliis  anniNcrsary  of  the 
Evacuation,  hoping,  amid  the  grateful  and  jiatriotie  nieiii- 
ories  that  cluster  about  tile  occasion,  to  strengthen  still 
Inrllier  the  bonds  of  concord   between  tlu'   lati'lv   hostile 


EVACUATION-   OF    ItOSTO.V. 


37 


4 


sections  of  Uio  ooinifrv,  and  also  tlio  irlalions  of  cofdial 
amity  bet  ween  tlie  revolted  colonies  and  tli(>  motlier-coun- 
trv,  — foes  a  Inindred  years  ago,  but  IVicnds  to-day  i)y 
every  motive  of  inutnal  interest  and  every  sentiment  of 
kinsliip  and  eveiy  generous  iiojic  for  tlie  world's  jxaee 
and  the  progress  of  Juunanity. 

^\c  do  well,  feilow-cilizcns,  in  coming  togetlier  to-day 
to  listen  to  the  story  of  the  Siege  and  Evacuation.  The 
telling  of  it  has  been  confi(U'd  to  one  eminently  lilted  by 
his  studies  and  tastes  to  tell  it  thoroughly  and  well. 

May  we  so  listen  to  it  as  to  be  insjiired  with  new  1haid<- 
I'ulness  to  the  (Jod  who  uj)held  onr  fathei-s  in  their  great 
struggle,  and  who  has  carried  their  children  through  all  the 
trials  and  perils  of  the  century,  and  with  new  vows  of  de- 
votion to  the  nnity  and  welfare  of  our  cnnitry,  our  whole 
country,  and  the  preservation  and  purity  of  its  institu- 
tions. 

liy  a  most  liappy  coincidence  with  the  si)irit  ..f  this  oc- 
casion, 1  am  privileged  to  announce  a  circumstance  which 
Avill  be  a  welcome  delight  to  all  our  citizens.  'J'lie  oi'ator 
of  the  day  would  have  had  to  remind  you,  that,  in  com- 
memoration of  the  great  ev-nt  of  this  day,  and  as  an 
e.\i)ression  of  the  prolbnnd  respect  of  the  i)eople  for 
Washington,— the  head  of  our  armies,  — the  Congress 
at  rhiladel])hia,  which  had  appointed  him  to  his  connuand, 
on  learning  that  he  had  I'cgained  the  possession  of  JJoston,' 
passed  votes  expressing  their  warmest  jji-aise  and  o-rati- 
tude,  and  providing  that  a  :\[edal  in  gold,  counnc  inorating 
the  event,  should  be  struck  to  ])e  presented  to  liim. 

That  ]\redal,  after  the  lapse  of  a  huu.hvd  years,   now 
visits  for  the  first  liuie  the  eity  with  which  it  has  s,,  vitallv 


38 


CENTKN'N'TAt-    AXMVKItSAKY   <)K   THE 


inUresr.n-  iis.soc-ialion.s.  It  has  been  clKTislied  in  the  line 
of  the  AVasliinglon  laniily,  fondly  priw.l,  an.l  watrliCully 
gnardcl.  It  has  '-omv  Ihtc  to  stay,  and  is  thf  pruprrty  of 
the  city.  By  the  consent;  of  its  recent  owner,  and  the 
thonghtful  lil)erality  of  a  lew  of  onr  citizens,  it  is  hence- 
forward, with  proper  vonchers  lor  its  anthenticity  and 
transfer,  to  be  deposited  in  the  Pnblic  Library  of  the  city. 
I  now  pnt  it  into  yonr  hands,  sir,  as  you  are  about  to 
rehearse  the  history  of  the  event  which  it  conunenioratcs. 

At  tlie  cnchision  of  the  Mayor's  rcnmrks.  the  orator   of  tho 
duv,  George  E.  Ellis,  D.D.,  delivered  the  following  iuUlre.ss  :  — 

[The  iuhlre.ss   is  here   printed   at   length,   as    It   was  written. 
Considerublo  parts  of  it  were  omitted  in  the  delivery.] 


5% 


KVACUATION    OF    UObTON. 


3<J 


ADDRESS  OF  GEOROH  E.  ELLIS,  D.D. 


Mr.  Maijor  and  Fcllow-CUizens:  — 

Till"  Mi'inorial  Modal  whkh  you  have  put  into  my 
hauds  is  iiscH"  the  golden  text,  and  substantially  the 
orator  and  tlie  discourse  of  thi?  Centennial  Day.  In  the 
disi-harye  of  the  grateful  and  enviable  olliee  ^.vhieh  you 
liave  assigned  to  me,  I  ean  at  best  but  interpret  the  de- 
vice and  expand  the  legend  of  this  jjreeious  tol<en. 
Wrought  of  the  purest  of  the  metals,  coined  into  grati- 
tude and  reverence,  a  magnetic  jioAver  of  subtle  and  relin- 
ing  potency  ought  to  inhere  in  it  from  the  pure  hands  into 
-which  it  first  came. 

It  was  the  first  gift,  a  complimentary  tribute  accom- 
panying a  hearty  recognition  of  liigh  service,  —  made  by 
what  we  mast  call,  by  anticipation,  our  republic.  It  ex- 
l)ressed  the  incipient  nation's  gratitude  to  its  foremost 
man,  then,  ever  since,  and  never  more  than  now.  An 
illegal  assembly  of  delegates  meeting  at  I'hiladelphia, 
from  twelve  rebelling  colonies,  —  not  yet  asserting  their 
Independence,  but  Avritiug  loyally  their  grievances  an<l 
petitions  to  the  King  of  Great  Britain,  who  had  expressly 
forbidden  their  assembling,  — had  nevertheless  commis- 
sioned a  military  chieftain  to  head  and  lead  an  array  of 
armed  patriots  against  the  invading  forces  of  that   mon- 


40 


C'KNI  I.WI  AI.   A\M\  i.i!>;\i;v   or    iiii.: 


arch.  He  liad  dune  so  I'nr  nine  til'  tlic  cliviii  iiiiuitlis 
tlii'ou^li  wliicli  tliitsc^  Irodiis,  iH'inl'orcctl  and  sii|ii>rK'd  l)y  a 
iK't't  ill  tlif  o|M'ii  liai'l»i)i-,  liad  ln'cii  lu'lcaj^iR'ivd  on  lliis 
iK'ninsiila.  'I'lic  skill  and  cniTj^y  of  tiiat  connnandi'i' 
devised  measures  ]>y  wiiidi  tin-  Innniiiated  army  and  fleet 
of  Hritain  wore  driven  away,  never  to  retm'ii  here  aji;ain. 

I'iie  ("onjjjress  at  I'hihuh'lpliia — a  tiiirteenth  colony 
hi'iiij^  now  ri'presenti'd  in  it  —  voted  its  ihaidvs  and  i^rati- 
tnde  to  the  connnander-in-eliiel',  and  provided  lor  this 
golden  medal  to  l)e  strnek  and  pre.-i  iiled  to  him.  »Ioin» 
Adams,  witli  two  associates,  was  ehar^i'd  with  ari'au'^inj^ 
lor  its  (U'viee  and  inscription,  when  it  siionld  he  struck  in 
\iris.  The  decorator  of  this  hall  for  to-day's  exercises 
,is  thrown  out  the  .si'inhlance  of  the  medal,  in  j)roportions 
not  one  whit  too  enlarged.  It  hears,  on  the  ohverse,  a 
jji'olile  head  of  Washington,  —  said  to  have  been  an  ad- 
mirable likenes-s,  —  eneircled  with  an  in.scriptioii  in  Latin, 
which  rt'ads  in  English,  —  "The  American  Congress  to 
George  Washington,  Connnander-in-Chief  of  its  Armies  : 
The  Assertor  of  Liberty."  On  the  reverse,  Washington 
and  his  aids  appear  on  hor.-^cback  on  the  Heights  of  Dor- 
chester, amid  field-works  and  muniments,  tlu'  town  of 
IJoston  in  view,  while  the  ciru'f  points  to  the  llei't  of  ve.s- 
sels,  Aviiose  sterns  show  that  they  are  leaving  the  harbor. 
The  inscription,  Englished,  is,  "The  enemy  being  first 
routed,  IJoston  was  recovered  March  xvii.  ^IDCCLXX\T^." 
There  was  an  anticiiiatiou  of  triumph  and  of  fame  in 
this  public  gift,  made  at  so  early  a  stagi'  in  a  long  strug- 
gle, and  in  tlu'  o|)ening  of  the  national  career  of  the 
august  commander.  Lofty  and  yet  modest  in  its  self- 
regards   as  was   the  dignhy  of  his   spirit,  was  not  this 


■.ik 


EVACUATIOX   OF    UOSvl'OX. 


•11 


treasured  jj^ift,  sonieiiines  taki-n  from  it-<  vpository  and 
ill  llic  rctireuient  and  liome  privacy  .-i  AVashiiij^ton, 
fondly  {^azed  upon,  with  tlir  icikoniugfs  of  incnmry  and  a 
good  eonscience,  in  reeallin;^  tran(iuil]y  tlic  anxious  past? 
Tile  medal,  fully  appreeiated  for  its  intrinsic  and  syinl)oiic 
value,  has  hei'U  transmilted  thronuh  the  I'aniily  of  his 
elder  brother.  Durinjj:  our  civil  war  it  was  held  liy  iIkisc 
who  lived  where  the  combatants  on  either  side  were 
chaufiin;::  places.  Then,  for  sale-kee])injj:,  it  was  buried  in 
the  f^round  some  eleven  miles  from  Harper's  Kerry,  len- 
der ground  was  the  proper  place  lor  it  then;  i'or  it  was 
not  meet  that  it  should  be  in  the  sunliirht  during  the 
struggle  over  the  life  of  the  nation  which  Washington  iiad 
created  and  saved.  Shall  we  not  all  rejoice,  fellow-citi- 
zens, that  just  after  a  centiuy  has  transpired  since  a  great 
enterprise  Avas  eonsununated,  this  memorial  of  it  has 
found  its  ehrine  in  this  rescued  city? 

It  will  be  for  the  scholar,  the  orator,  and  etatesnian  who 
worthily  owns  the  name  and  lineage  of  the  lumori'd  and 
revered  founder  of  this  Town  and  State,  in  the  glorious 
sununer  month  of  the  Xation's  Ceuteimial,  to  give  elo- 
quent voice  to  the  echo  of  a  hundred  years  of  the  procla- 
mation of  that  nation's  birth.  ^ly  word  is  limited  to  this 
old  i)cninsula  of  Boston.  The  event  to-day  couunemo- 
rated,  alike  in  the  protracted  and  weary  work  which 
culminated  in  it,  and  in  its  jdace  and  imj^ort  in  the  yet 
more  protracted  series  of  struggles  which  it  opened,  has 
its  transcendent  interest  and  glory.  "NYu  commemorate 
the  Centennial  of  the  one  most  memorable  day  in  all  the 
two  and  a  half  centuries  of  the  history  of  Boston,  —  the 
day  on  which  the  only  hostile  force  that  has  ever  occupied 


42 


CENTEXMAh    ANKIVF.HSAUV   OK   TlIK 


it  was  .hiviM  from  il,  llrit  its  HC'attm'd  inhabitants  ini^'ht 
ivtuin  to  Ihcir  own  homes  and  iK-acffnl  ways  of  lioncst 
indnstry.     Tlu'  liicnu'  is  ik.I   one  lor  rhi'torical  ornanR'Ut, 
n.ir  Jor  ideal,  inia-inalive  tli-:lits.     Its  hislorie  la.ts  carry 
with  them  stirred  emotions  and  iiistrnclivt    lessons.     This 
is  the  one  day  in  the  lon<?  series  of  centennial  <(.nnnenio. 
rations,    cxteiidinj,'   lhron;,Hi    seven    years,    that     l..'l.in;;.s 
c'spfcially  and  exc'.     .vely  to  this  dear  old  town  of  llos- 
(on,  —  the  day   of  Its  ^v'vat  deliverance   from    |..>tilencc, 
swor  '    and    famine.     1    mnst,   therefore,    look    nj.on    ami 
address  all  around   me  I'.r,  natives  of  lioston;  or,   in  the 
exceptional   cases  of  tiiose  of  yon  who  may  not  lu'  m.,  as, 
while  duly  deplorinj,'  the  misfortinie,  at  least  its  -jood  citi- 
zens, inchidinjx  the  sex  that  does  not  yet  vote.     Let  m 
recall  the  old  town  us  it  was  at  the  tune  with  which  we 
have  to  deal. 


Ol.l)    lUISTOX. 

Tt  was  a  pear-shajted  jieninsula,  less  than  two  miles 
in  its  extreme  length,  and  hut  little  more  than  one  in  its 
--•reatest  breadth.  It  hung  to  the  main  land  at  l{o\bnry 
by  a  slender  stem  or  m^ck,  of  a  mile  in  length,  so  low  and 
narrow  between  tide-washed  flats  that  it  was  often  sub- 
merged. It  was  occupied  by  the  lirst  colonists  hi're  as 
tlieir  caj/ital,  because  of  these  natural  features;  its  sea- 
Iront,  its  watei-horderings,  and  the  ease  of  delending  it 
at  the  Neck  against  Indians  and  wolves.  There  was  a 
barrier  construeted  for  this  jiurpose  near  where  the  strong 
lines  and  defences  of  our  besieged  enemy  were  i)lanted. 
The  territorial  area  and  aspect  of  the  peninsula  had 
been  scarcely  changed  at  all,  ui  their  natural  features,  at 


IVAC  t  Alios    UK     IIOSTdV. 


43 


tlic  timo  of  till'  si' >'i'  IVniii  wiiiil    tlicy  wni'  wli.n  it    wns 
first    sctlli'd.      Kxlriiiinrmnry   diiiiiTts   liiivc    l«iti    iiiiitlc 
since,  iiK'st   of  tliciM  williiM  till'  l:i^t   iiiiir  <riinir_\.     Tin- 
(>n<riiiii!  seven  iiiiiidred  acres  ol"  solid  iaml   li.ive  ii<.\s  1)(- 
eoine    nearly  .ifleeM  inmdn'd.     'I  lie  ;:ain  lias  lueii  m.i.le 
1)V  reelaiiuiii-r  (lie  inua-l,  oo/.y  s; '.     iiiai>lie>.  llie  e-liiarie>. 
coves  ami  liays,  once  stn'tclriiu'  wide  on  its  noiilierii  and 
soulliern  bonnds.      Wlier.    Ilie  a>- ^a  \va>  tli<  n   llir   naiTow- 
est    it    is    now    tiie    wide-l.      IJi'sides   tiie    two    elrvatiniis. 
Copp's  and  Fort   Hill,  which  ros.-  on    llie    nortiieiii    and 
southern   ends    dI"   tlie    itronioiitory,    anoliier    with    triple 
suininits  — the  only  one  of  whlt-h  that   remains  i«.  the  >ile 
of   llie  Stale    llonse  — {;ave  the   name  of  Tri-mouiitain, 
or  Tri'iiioni.  to  tlie  settlement.     'I'he  sharp  deelivilie-  and 
bold  nndnlatiims  of  (lie  smface  of  the  luninsula  had   n.pt 
been  dislnrbed  al    the   lime  of  ih.'  si.M.-e.     The  hnn(hvd 
Mionm-hfares,  lanes  and  alleys,  with  tlieir  narrow   eoiirls 
•md  simious  windings,  have  been  broadened  and   -liai;iiit- 
cncd  and  extended  and  innltiplied;  tiie  whole  Hinface  lias 
been  levelled  and  graded,  every  scpiaiv  inch  of  it  has  been 
tnrned  over  and  over,  an<l  it  has  luin  bnrrowed  nndei- 
gronnd  as  diligently  as  it  has  been  conrsed  aix.ve.     ^hnv 
labor  and  money  have  been  exi)ended  npon  the  nuTe  soil 
of  Ibis  peninsula  than  ti]>oii  the  land   snrface  of  all  our 
other  ol.l  cities.     The  granite  ledges  of  the  coast   ami  of 
the  interior,  the  forestrj  .d'  Maine,  the  sand  and  grav.l  of 
our  country  bills,  have  been  depo.Mted   here  to  give   n> 
deep  water  nnngins,  to  fringe  oil  cnr  nnu'shes,  and  to 
make  new  territory.     Abounding  bridges  antl  cau.seways 
umko  U3  forget  tlmt  this  town  ever  was  a  peninsula.     The 
thought  not  irreverently  tsuggesls  itbelf  that  if  the  Creu- 


M 


CENTEXXUVL   ^VXXIVERSAnV  OF   THE 


tor  —  as  we  used  to  say  —  but  as  scicneo  is  now  tryiiiy  to 
teach  lis  to  phrase  it,  if  tlie  Evolving  Power,  had  had  re- 
gard to  our  wishes  as  to  the  disposal  ol'  land  and  water  in 
this  neighborhood,  we  niigiit  have  been  relieved  of  nuieh 
cost  and  toil.  The  numerous  islands  in  our  iH'autil'ul  1)ay 
bore  still  some  renuiants  of  their  original  woods,  or  were 
covered  with  tilled  fields  and  jiastures  for  flocks. 

The  old  town  had  been  for  nearly  a  hundred  and  fifty 
years  the  scene  of  ])eace,  tlu'ift  and  happiness  —  witli  the 
buffetings  of  human  experience  mingled  in  —  lor  exiles, 
almost  wholly  irom  ]Ongland,  with  their  descendants. 
Just  previous  to  the  time  of  its  sharp  trial  it  was  a  i)rivi- 
leged  and  an  enviable  hei-itage.  It  enjoyed  an  enlail  of 
blessings  from  the  toils  of  a  laborious,  virtuous  and  (god- 
fearing ancestry,  and  from  a  softened,  but  not  I'epudialcd, 
Puritan  sway  in  its  households  and  modes  of  life.  From 
extant  letters,  diaries,  family  traditions,  mercantile  ledgers 
and  drawings,  the  old  toMu  may  be  set  forth  with  sucli 
charms  of  thrift  and  cond'ort,  and  tranquil  prosj)erity,  as 
to  draw  irom  some  of  its  ])i'esent  citizens  regrets  that 
their  times  had  not  been  then  rather  than  now.  Its 
homes  and  marts  of  business  were  occupied  by  ])eople, 
mostly  of  one  race  and  mother  country  and  language, 
with  common  nicinories,  traditions  and  interests.  One 
little  rill,  and  that  from  a  most  healthful  and  welcduie 
strciun,  had  tlien  flowed  in  from  a  foreign  somve,  giving 
us,  with  the  Huguenot  exiles,  names  gratefully  cherished 
among  us,  as  Bowdoin,  Faneuil,  Bassett,  Sigourney, 
Johounott,  Dupee,  Ch  'rdon,  and  others. 

"AVe!l-to-do,"  "fore-handed,"  were  the  local  phrases  by 
which  the  general  condition  of  the  people  would  have 


EVACrATlOK   OF  ROSTOX. 


45 


been  described.     There  was  real  wealll  ,  to.,,  hi  llie  bands 
of  some,  with  couii)lacency,  hixiuy  and  display.     Tlu're 
were   stately   and   substantial   dwi'llii.-s,   with   ricli   and 
solid  fnrnisbin-s,  for  parlor,  dining-r..oni.  ball  and  rbain- 
ber,  Avitb  plate  and  tapestry,  brocades  and  laces.     There 
were  portraits,  by  ibrei-n  .nd  resident  artists,  of  those  who 
were  ancestors,  and  of  those  who  meant  to  be  ancestors. 
There  were  formal  costumes  and  manners  for  the  gentry, 
with  parade  and   eti<iuette,  a  seU-respectin-  decorum  in 
intercourse  with  their  own  and  other  classes,  warm  hospi- 
tality, good  appetites,  and  abundant  viands,  rupiid  and 
solid,  for  all.    The  buildings  were  detached,  none  of  them 
in  blocks.     The  homes  of  many  of  the  merchant  princes 
and  high  magistrates  were  relatively  more  palatial  than 
arc  any  in  the  city  to-day.     Thc^y  stood  conspicuous  and 
large,  surrounded  by  genen.us    si.aces,  with   lawns    and 
trees,  with  fruit  and  vegetable  gardens,  and  iields  lor  pas- 
ture, and  c..acli  and  cattle  barns.     There  were  line  equi- 
pages, with  black  coaclnneii  and   footmen.     There  were 
stiU  wide  nnfeiieed  spaces,  .le.livilies  and  thickets,  where 
the   barberry  bush,  the  flag  and  the  ninllen-stalk  grew 
undisturbed.     There    were    many  .piaint    <.ld    nooks    and 
corners,  taverns  and  inns,  "collee-honses'- the  drmkmg- 
vessels   in   which   were    -  >t  especially   adapted   to   that 
|,c,.eraoe- shops  designated   by  emblems   and   symbols, 
lo'ter:.rg  places  for  news  and  gossip,  resorts  of  boys  and 
negroes  for  play  or   roguery,  and   some   .lark   holes   <.n 
wharf  or  lane.     Boston  was  the  chief  mart  of  the  prov- 
ince, which  numbered   nearly  :U9,000  when  Xew  York 
had   2:}8,00().     The  inhabitants   in  th.^   town  w.'re   ab.)Ut 
17,000.     There  svere  some  12,000  buildings,  four  being  of 


4G 


CEXTENNTAL   AXXIVEHSAKY   OF   THE 


stone,  of  which  King's  Chapel  alone  remains.  Between 
Beaeon  antl  the  foot  of  Park  street,  stood  the  Work- 
house, the  Poor-house  and  the  Bridewell,  all  iaeing  the 
Counnon.  On  the  site  of  the  Park-sti'eet  ehureli  stood 
the  trranary;  opposite,  a  large  manul'aetory  building, 
nsed  by  the  British  for  a  hospital.  The  Jail  oeenpied  the 
site  of  the  present  Court-IIouse.  King  and  t^ueen,  now 
State  and  Court  streets,  Avere  the  most  eoini)aetly  eovered 
and  lined  l)y  taverns,  dwellings,  marts  and  olllees  of 
exchange.  The  hcnise  provided  by  the  province  lor  the 
British  Governor  Avas  opposite  the  Old  South,  standing 
far  back,  stately,  commodious,  with  trees  and  lawn  iij)  to 
AVashington  street.  The  Old  State  House,  with  a  dignity 
which  it  has  not  now,  held  the  halls  of  the  Council  and  the 
lve[)resentatives,  with  royal  portraits  and  adorniugs.  llow 
little  is  there  here  now  Avhicli  the  patriots  and  citizens  of 
the  old  days,  if  they  came  back,  would  recognize!  Tiiey 
Avould  think  that  Ave  had  set  ourselves  to  obliterate  all 
traces  of  them  and  their  Avays.  Wo  cannot  but  regret  the 
removal  of  all  our  old  landmarks,  and  the  changing  of 
ancient  names  for  new.  True,  the  surface  of  the  earth 
and  its  superstructures  belong  to  the  living  generation,  to 
be  disposed  Avholly  for  its  comfort  and  convenience.  The 
dead  can  claim  only  a  resting-place  beneath  it.  They 
have  by  no  means  secured  even  that  always  here;  and  if 
they  should  come  out  from  their  repose  many  would  have 
to  select  their  grave-stones  from  an  ornamental  border,  or 
Avould  Avonder  liow  other  people's  names  Avere  insc-i'ibed 
over  their  tenements.  In  the  interest  of  historians,  sur- 
veyoi's,  searchers  of  titles,  of  those  Avho  would  know  hoAV 
things  looked  and  were  called  before  they  Avcre  boi'u,  and 


EVAClA'l'lOX    or    ROSTOV. 


who  Avoiiltl  be  reasonably  sure  that  Ihoy  hoUl  the  foe  of 
their  own  gi-aves,  let  there  be  heneefoi'ward  no  needless 
changing  of  names,  exeejjt  it  nny  lie  U)  restore  old  ones. 
For  we  not  only  wish  to  know  our  fathers,  but  should  wisli 
them  to  know  us. 

Yet,  as  the  years  of  strife  were  ajiproaehing,  there  had 
come  in  one  qualifying  element  to  the  internal  harmony  and 
security  of  old  Uostttn,  for  there  were  those  under  its  roofs 
a  century  ago  who  wei'e  divided  against  themselves.  For 
more  than  a  half  of  its  first  hundred  years  the  town  and 
the  colony  had  been  substantially  independent  of  all  Ibr- 
eign  control;  pursuing  iiulustry  and  trade  on  its  ovn  re- 
sources; choosing  its  own  magistrates  and  holding  them 
to  account;  making  and  administenng  its  own  laws;  light- 
ing its  own  battles  with  Indians,  Dutch  and  Frenchmen; 
never,  even  in  poverty  or  stress  of  peril,  asking,  but  rather 
repudiating,  public  aid  from  abroad.  King  and  Parliament 
had  been  tolerated  as  undesired  correspondents,  for  re- 
monstrant and  deferential,  and  rather  melancholy  letters, 
but  the  ocean  and  some  other  things  had  had  a  very  chill- 
ing effect  ujjon  love.  English  ai'mies  had  begun  to  find 
their  way  hither,  to  fight  Avith  us,  or  for  us,  incidentally  to 
the  more  exigent  i)urpose  of  driving  the  French  olf  the 
continent;  and,  of  course,  l']nghuul  wanted  rennmeration 
for  these  services.  For  more  than  three  quarters  of  a  cen- 
tury belln'e  the  war,  this  province,  which  had  i)rosi)ered 
best  when  most  neglected,  which  had  earned  all  the  liber- 
tics  it  claimed,  and  never,  for  a  moment,  really  yielded,  had 
fallen  inuler  the  sway  of  foreign  masters. 

By  its  second  charter,  King,  ^Ministry  and  Farliament, 
represented  here  by  crown  oflicials,  overruled  those  legis- 


48 


CEXTEXNIAL   AXXIVEItSAllY   OF   THE 


lativc  and  judicial  functions  whieli  had  previously  been 
freely  disposed  by  the  people.  ]Joston  became,  in  minia- 
ture', a  vicc-royahy,  with  coiirl  and  diurcli.  A  subtle  but 
lM)tcMl  inlliicnce  bronj^lit  in  loreign  interests  and  regards, 
I'l'i'liim's  and  mnimcrs,  I'asliions  and  distinctions.  'Die  old 
sterling,  tin'il"ty,  frugal  stock  of  tlie  jjcoidc,  liolding  tiieir 
independence  as  tongliiy  as  a  trailition,  as  they  were  about 
I)y  lighting  to  make  it  a  certainty,  could  not  and  would 
not  liarmonize  with  this  new  element.  They  would  bow, 
but  they  would  not  bend.  They  would  petition,  but  they 
would  U(jt  comply.  They  would  chatl'er,  but  would  ratify 
no  bargain  about  liberty. 

Trade,  too,  though  it  liad  enriched,  had  demoralized  a 
portion  of  the  conununity;  Ibr  nine-tenths  of  that  trade 
was  what  is  known  in  law  as  smuggling.  A  lhonsan<l 
vessels  cleared  from  IJoston  in  a  year,  coursing  our  coasts 
and  skinnning  all  open  seas.  The  revenue  laws  imposed 
by  Parliament,  to  restrain  the  internal  and  the  foreign 
trallic  and  commerce  ol"  the  colonies,  were  so  onerous  and 
severe,  that  our  pco])le  acted  on  the  assumption,  long  be- 
fore they  fought  for  and  assured  it,  that  the  king  of  Eng- 
land had  no  right  to  a  revenue  from  this  side  of  the  water, 
no  more  than  any  one  can  draw  checks  on  a  hank  in  which 
ho  has  made  no  deposit.  Ail  mannl'actures,  even  of  articles 
of  prime  necessity,  from  our  own  raw  materials  even,  were 
strictly  prohibited.  f)nr  peopK-  did  not  mean  to  be  jioor. 
They  wished  to  k(  ep  their  own  books.  Th(y  ol)jected  to 
a  partnershi|)  wliidi  did  not  inciv.'ase  their  capital,  nor 
extend  tlu>  good-will  of  tlieir  conceiai. 

So  that  with  the  crown  ollicials  resident  here,  their 
descendants,  tlu'ir   satellites,    and    a    class   of  niei-chants 


EVACUATION-   OF    IJOSTOX. 


49 


whose   iiiteiH-.st8,  as   traders,  Avere   i-atlier   with   Enolancl 
tliau    witli    Ameriea,    we    find    the    keen    and   vi^^orous 
materials  of  a  party  within  tlie  town  hostile  to  its  loeal 
and  traditional  .spirit.     To  these  arc  to  he  added  alike  in 
the  town,  and  throughout  this  as  well  as  in   the   other 
provinees,   a    few    men,   high-minded   and    tnie-hearted, 
intelligent,   respeeted    for    talent,   culture,   position    and 
infhienee,  who,  with  fond  clingings  to  the  mother-country, 
or  with  halting  judgments  as  they  cast  the  horoscope  of 
the  future,  or  with  timid  misgivings  as  to  tlie  prohahle 
issue  of  rehellion,  shrank  fi-om  a  decision,  put  in  cautions, 
raised  remonstrances,  or  were  goaded  by  the  impatience 
or  rudeness  of  popular  measures  into  committing  them- 
selves to  the  doomed  side.      These  loyalists,  tories,  "  gov- 
ernment-men," Avhile  being  jealously  watched  and  harshly 
treated  by  the  liberty  party,  were  coriespondingly  Ihittercd 
and  cajoled  by  the  crown  otlicials  with  promises  of  innnu- 
nity  and  compensation.     But  all  the  inhabitants  t)f  the 
town,  rebels  and  tones  alike,  were  to  be  common  sulferers 
in  the  fate  awaiting  them. 


THE    PREPARATI0\    FOR    TtlE    SIEGE. 

In  this  warring  and  distracted  world,  sieges,  the  belca- 
guerment  of  towns,  cities  and  fortresses,  by  forces  on  sea  or 
land,  form  one  of  the  largest  and  most  exciting  elements 
of  all  history.  A  list  of  them  might  be  classified,  and 
duplicated  e\en,  under  all  the  letters  of  the  alphabet, 
tossing  in  strange  confusion  the  troubled  annals  of  all  lands 
and  all  epochs.  Stories  of  skilled  manoeuvre  and  artful 
stratagem,  shn-ies  of  harrowing  sufiering  and  of  sublime 
heroism,   wrought    int..    thrilling    narratives  <.f  prose,  or 


50 


CENTENNIAL    AJTVIVERSAJIY    OF    THE 


sung  in  the  music  and  rliythm  of  immortal  poetry,  rehearse 
for  us  the  literature  of  sieges.  We  run  over,  in  memory, 
the  leading  names  of  that  ali)habetieal  list,  with  Aere  and 
Babylon,  Calais  ami  Derry,  Gibraltar,  Jerusalem.  Luek- 
now,  ]Malta  and  Metz,  Paris  and  Tampeluna,  Koehelle, 
Saragossa  and  Sevastopol  and  Troy,  not  forgetting  the 
atrocities  and  the  nobleness  so  glowingly  presented  by  our 
own  Motley  in  his  history  of  the  beleagin-ed  cities  of  the 
Netherlands. 

The  passions  of  love  and  hate,  of  creed  and  empire,  of 
blood  and  djniasties,  have  been  the  weapons  of  assailers  or 
defenders;  and  with  rare  exceptions,  in  all  sieges,  the 
enemy  has  been  without  the  citadel,  and  those  within  it 
have  been  guarding  their  own  homes.  But  this  old  town 
of  Boston  a  century  ago  w  is  invested  by  its  own  people 
against  a  foe  who  held  it  in  thrall.  The  story  of  the  con- 
tention, running  through  the  ten  previous  years,  which  re- 
sulted in  seven  years  of  war  on  this  continent,  is,  or  ought 
to  be,  familiar  for  this  Centennial  season  to  all  who  hear 
me.  The  record  and  the  spectacle,  as  confmcd  simply  to 
this  spot  of  earth,  and  crowded  with  matter  of  surjjassing 
interest,  are  more  than  enough  for  our  hurried  glance 
to-day. 

The  descendants  of  those  exiles  Avho,  a  century  and  a 
half  before,  had  settled  upon  this  rough  and  barren  i)rom- 
ontory,  had  turned  wealaiess  lo  strength,  and  had 
attained  thrift  and  vigor  irom  their  rugged  conditions. 
The  spirit  of  liberty  was  in  their  souls,  and  the  power 
to  maintain  it  was  in  their  veins  and  iibre.  They  always 
had  been  free,  in  night,  in  distance,  in  neglect,  and  even 
hi  contempt.     And  they  meant  to  be  free,  when,  hopefully 


s, 


EVACUATION    OK    liOSTO.V. 


31 


and  li;ii)i)ily  jxatluM'injj^  tlic  liarvost  from  a  hard  soil  and  a 
hard  tillage,  llu'y  had  bcfoine  a  covi'li'd  prizo  fur  ])arlia- 
nicntary  npoil  and  a  royal  rovomic.  Si'vcn  years  hcf'oro 
tliu  (■atas(roi)]io,  crows  of  forcij^n  .sailors,  and  marines  to 
protect  its  landinj^',  had  hronght  from  over  the  seas  u 
detaclnnent  of  tlie  royal  army,  who  had  taken  military 
])ossessi()n  of  this  town.  Had  and  trcaclu-rous  advices 
from  crown  ofllcials  heiv  had  bopu  stealthily  sent  to  the 
royal  cabinet  fliat  two  regiments  of  British  regulars  would 
overawe  and  crush  out  the  demagogue  spirit  of  a  few 
restless  men  who  were  here  fomenting  rebellion.  The 
further  advices  —  a  trille,  but  nm  much  wiser  —  wore  that 
five  regiments  would  sweep  the  continent  of  rebellion. 
The  larger  number  was  multiplied  many  times,  with  mer- 
cenary allies,  too;  but  the  continent  was  too  large  and 
hard  for  the  uroor.i.  Protests,  pleadings  and  remon- 
strances, with  tongue  and  pen,  had  exhausted  all  their 
jH'accful  methods  against  the  quartering  of  troops  in  the 
town.  But  still  they  came,  with  arrogance,  insult  and 
defiance,  and  finally  held  llie  town  against  the  dwellcivs  in 
its  homes.  The  farmers  and  mechanics  of  the  adjoining 
country,  in  this  environment  of  hill  and  valley,  gathered 
almost  in  a  circle  around  them,  and  bade  them  stay 
strictly  in  the  close  quarters  where  they  were  so  unwel- 
come, or  take  themselves  off  by  the  water-way  on  which 
they  came.  Both  parties,  in  due  time,  as  we  shall  see, 
came  to  accord  in  the  latter  alternative. 

This  beleaguerment  of  the  soldiers  of  his  ^Majesty  on 
the  little  i)eninsula  Avhich  they  had  invaded  was  the 
natural,  tliough  somewhat  protracted,  result  of  every 
preceding    incident   in   the  controversy.      If  such   troo|)a 


52 


CENTENTs'I^VL   ANKIVKUSAIIY   OP   THE 


caiiR-   hitluT   iit  all,  the  law  providud  Ibr  Uumi  hiunu-U 
at  the  Castk",  as  the   cows   had   a  vested   right   to   the 
ConuHuu,  and  the  eitizens  to  then-  streets  and  buildin-s. 
The  eouiinander  even  had  the  eoiilidenee  to  deiiiaiul  that 
the    proviuee    should    pay    these   troops;    a    proposition 
Avhieh,  of  eoiirse,  was  not  approved.     The  town-meetings 
were  from  the  first,  and  all  along  to  the  siege,  the  great 
resouret"  of  the  inhabitants,  where  courages  and  shrewdness, 
temporizing    or   firm   decision,  met  evei-y  i-mergency  as 
it  arose.     When  the  mischief  of  these  Boston  town-meet- 
mgs  was  realized  by  the  royal  councillors,  their  General 
was  ordered  to  forbid  the  calling  of  another.     But  the 
selectmen    replied    that   they   ha.l    no   occasi.Mi    to   call 
another,  as  the  last  one  was  kept  alive  l)y  adjournment. 
So  the  General  wrote  back,  that,  for  all  that  he  could 
see,   or    say,   or    do,   one    town-meeting    might   extend 
through  ten  years. 

What  the  people  had  foreboded  from  the  presence  of  the 
soldiers  occurred  in  due  time,  on  IMarch  5,  1770,  when  a 
squad  of  them,  on  being  annoyed  and  insulted  by  a  few 
boys   and  their   abettors,   fired   upon   the   crowd.      The 
so-called  " Horrid  :^[assacre"  furnished  the  theme  for  the 
annual  oration  on  that  day -"The  Danger  of  Standing 
Armies  in  Popidous  To\vns  in  Times  of  Feace."     The 
occasion  was  duly  honored  by  the  api)ointcd  orator,  six 
years  afterwards,  in  Watertown,  as  the  troops  were  pre- 
paring to  evacuate.      The  destruction  of  the  tea  in  our 
harlx!^-,  in  December,  177:?,  was  followed  by  the  vindictive 
i'arliamentary  Bill,  which  tightly  closed  the  Port  of  Bos- 
ton to  all  commerce  and  water  intcrcoiu'sc  on  Juuelst,^ 
1771,  the  day  on  which,  with  the  melancholy  tolling  of 


EVACUATION   Oi''    HOSTOX, 


53 


miitlled  bells,    fitly   enough,    Iluteliinson   embarked    for 
England. 

From  that  vengeful  measure,  more  than  from  any  other 
single  event,  may  be  dated   the  suceession   of  measures 
upon  l)oth  sides  — though  still  to  be  wearily  and  wofully 
deferred  for  its  final  aet  — which  broke  the  bond  between 
England  and  her  American  colonies.     In  the  pitiful  con- 
dition to  which  it  was  now  reduced,  the  melancholy  and 
starving  town  appealed  to  the  other  towns  in  this  prov- 
ince, and  to  the  other  provinces,  and  made  its  own  cause 
one  of  warning  and  concern  to  the  whole  continent.     The 
appeals  were  nobly  answered,  and  generous  contrib\itions 
of  goods,  and  food  and  money  Aver(^  made  to  the  stricken 
and  impoverished  people  i'nnn  all  tuc  seaboard  and  inland 
settlements,    including   even   Canada.      A  generous    gift 
from  the   future   conunander  appears  on  the  list.     Then 
came   a   royal   breach   of  tlie  organic  provisions  of  the 
Province  Charter,  assuming  for  the  King  the  appointmiMit 
by  mandanuis  of  the  Governor's  councillors,  and  subverting 
the  securities  for  the  conduct  of  courts  of  justice.     In  the 
judgment  of  reason  and  ecpiity,  not  as  a  prompting  of 
passion,  this  royal  breach  was  regarded  as  arresting  the 
royal  sway  in  this   province.     Henceforward  the  King's 
(Governor  became   a  military  general   instead  of  a    civil 
magistrate;  his  ollicial  power  was  restricted  innnediately 
to  this  peninsula,  or  to  whatever  range  he  might  cover 
with  his  forces.     The  province,  as  we  shall  see,  first  of  its 
o^vn  impulse,  and  then  by  help  of  advice  from  the  Conti- 
nental Congress,  took  measures  for  forming  and  adminis- 
tering, as  a  substitute,  a  i)opuli"'  government.     That  train 
of  measures  was  initiated  in  a  Massachusetts  Assembly,  at 


r,i 


CENTKNM.VI.    A.\XIVE«SiVI{Y   OK   TIIK 


Snloin,  ill  .Tuuc.  177i,  mooting  with  doors  looked  iigaiiiHt 
the  ;;()Vonn tr's  votoing  inoissongor,  when  delegntos  Avore 
oonuni^^^ionod  to  a  Continontnl  Congresw.     ('oiiimittoos  of 
Correspondonco  ))iisily  pin-smnl   tlioir  bynipatiiotio  tasks. 
Attempts,  once  iialHod  and  oiioo  snocessCnl,  wi'i'o  made  hy 
dotachments  of  soldiers  to  seize  supplies  whieh  (lie  prov- 
ineo  was  l)eginning  to  gather  lor  the  impending  strife. 
Against  the  remonstranoes  of  the  Seleetmen  of  Boston, 
enforoed  hy  those  of  the  Continental  Congress,  ({eni>ral 
(Jage  renewed  and  strengthened  the  lortinoations  on  the 
Xeek,  alleging  that  he  did  not   design  to   prevent    tree 
ingress  and  egress,  hut  only  to  ])roteet  his  own  troops. 
His  oflieial  spies  had  more  than  onee  heen  sent  out  into 
the  adjoining  country,  and  returned  with   over-estimates 
of  the  stores  whieh  the  provinoials  were  gathering.     Our 
Centennial  of  the  last  year  told  ns  all  there  is  to  he  told 
of  the  raid  of  Ai)ril  V.K  after  the  stores  at  Concord,  with 
the  British  invasion  of  the  country,  and  of  the  humiliation 
of  the  disorderly  return  to  town.     Better  would  it  have 
hceu  for  them  then  had  they  tarried  longer  in  Charlestown. 
Certain  ventures  made  hy  the  provincials  to  secure  hay  and 
live  stock  upon  the  harlxir  islands,  in  defiance  of  British 
gunhoats,   fill   the  interval  to  the  day  of   Bunker   Hill. 
The  story  of  that,  too,  has  been  exhaustively  told. 


TUE    CLOSING    IN    OF    BOSTON. 

The  first  stage  in  the  i  ivestinent  of  Boston,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  confining  the  royal  forces  to  the  ]H'ninsula,  began 
on  the  evening  of  the  day  of  Concord  and  Lexington. 
Minute-men,  farmers,  mechanics,  and  miscellaneous  bands 
and  groups,  with  such  weapons  as  they  could  put  their 


■ 


EVACITATION    OF  llOSTOV. 


55 


hands  on,  and  such  rations  as  tluir  households  fiiniislu'd 
Ibr  llio  uiomi'Ut,  <>a(h('r('d  u|)ou  every  loot  ol'  soil  on  the 
suri'ouudiui;'  main  lai\d  of  iiiil,  field  and  marsh.  They 
<'lian;i;ed  day  hy  day  lor  nearly  a  year  ensuini?,  hut  only  hy 
sul)stituliim  oC  persons  and  material.  They  came  first  as 
startled  men  rush  out  to  a  eonlla;j:ration,  and  slay  hy  to 
watch  lest  it  should  spread.  Cattle  were  still  ))rowsinj;-  in 
the  jiastiwcs,  and  horses  were  tethered  to  the  carts  they  had 
drawn  with  their  rustic  freight.  The  jjicturcsque  f.'-roups,  in 
the  homely  array  of  the  iariii  or  the  workshop,  with  tiieir 
arljors  or  shanties,  and  an  occasional  tent  e.\tem[)ori/ed 
Iroin  a  lishin<^-smacl<,  as  seen  from  a  quiet  distance  mij>ht 
have  suggested  a  gy]isy  cncam]»ment,  or  a  spring  picnic. 
But  they  stayed  there  so  long  and  to  such  purpose,  with 
such  a  Avoi'k  to  do,  and  imdcr  the  training  of  such  a  mas- 
ter mind  and  hand,  as  to  hecome  an  army,  unil'ni'ined, 
drilled,  disciplined  and  olliccred  for  a  campaign  after  the 
stern  methods  of  war.  The  helcagucrmcnt  and  invest- 
ment of  the  little  sca-Avashed  jjeninsula,  which  wi'ri'  to 
extend  stcadil}',  with  sterner  clasp  and  throttle  lor  the 
eleven  ensuing  months,  hegan  then.  There  was  still  some 
passing  in  and  out  of  the  town,  by  land  or  water,  mider 
surveillance,  allowed  by  privilege,  or  for  ])urposes  of 
necessity,  or  seized  by  spies,  informers,  deserters,  or  those 
of  adventurous  daring.  But  the  invading  forces,  were 
held  to  their  oontraeted  quarters,  and  henceforward  were 
deprived  of  vegetables  and  fresh  provisions,  except  such 
as  they  could  seize  from  the  islands,  or  obtain  by  a  supply 
vessel.  Then  came  the  aggravation  of  the  miseries  of  the 
patriotic  inhabitants  of  the  town,  insulted  by  the  military, 
sneered  at  by  their  own  follow-citizens,  —  who  boastfully 


S6 


CKNTr.NMAI,    AVNIVKHSAIiY   f)F   THK 


liclil.  iis  royalists,  to  what  tin  y  trustod  was  lo  be  the  win- 
n'\\\ii  Niih',  —  straitened  for  tiio  usual  suiiplies  of  life,  and 
reasoiialiiy  ap|iivlieiisive  of  pestilence  and  famine  within, 
and  of  a  fnll  share  in  the  perils  of  an  assault  from  their 
friends  outside. 


KEMOVAI,    01''    THE    INltAHITANTS    OF    BOSTON. 

Before  the  battle  in  CMiarlestnwn  the  distress  and  the 
dreails  of  most  of  the  17.01)0  inhahilants  of  the  town  in- 
duced thorn  to  make  an  appeal  to  (ien.  (Ja^c  for  lilM-rty  to 
leave  it,  as  tiie  fortifieations  on  the  Xeck  were  rijridly 
sruarded,  the  ferrv-wavs  were  elosed,  and  not  even  a  fishini;- 
boat  could  leave  the  wharves.  The  alternative  of  leaving 
or  remaininjj^  was  an  I'mbarrassing  and  cruel  oni'  f()r  the 
people  themselves;  and  the  j^ranting  orrefnsinj"-  |)ermi-si()n 
was  ;in  I'ipially  perplexi'd  and  balanced  alternative  to  the 
General.  A  protracted  towii-meetinj;^  in  Fanenil  Hall, 
including  the  whole  of  a  Sunday,  jiresided  over  by  James 
liowiloiu.  witii  prayer  by  Or.  I]iiot,  was  excitedly  iiiven  to 
the  matter,  'riic  result  was  a  covenant,  by  wliich  the 
General  aiireed  that  such  citi/eus,  with  their  families,  as 
wished  to  go  out,  on  depositing  their  arms,  and  agreeing 
not  to  take  ]iart  in  an  assault  on  the  town.  slK)uId  have 
passes,  and  facilities  by  boat  or  carriage,  for  leaving  with 
their  etVeets.  Those  who  sought  the  liberty  surrendered 
their  weapons,  and  were  prepared  to  desert  their  homes 
and  warehouses,  yielding  them  to  risks  of  ])lunder,  fire 
and  destruction,  to  give  up  their  occupations  for  a  liveli- 
hood, iuid  to  take  their  cuanee,  as  dei)endents  on  their 
country  friends.  Rut  the  CJeneral  faltered  in  his  part  of 
the  covenant,  alleging  that  arms  and  even  cannon  had  been 


HV.\(  TATIoN    OF     ll<»>r(l\. 


B7 


i 


cai'tfil  out  (if  tlio  t(j\vii,  liiildiii  iiiidir  loads  ol' iiiiimiri'  ami 
livotluM"  tricks.  The  loyalists  in  tlir  lowii  protested  auaiiist 
a  measure  wliieli,  ill  de|iri\iii;;-  il  n|'  ail  wim  s\  iii|iallii/e(l 
willi  the  reliels  (Uitside,  streiiullieiied  llieir  (  aii>e  and  in- 
terest, and  would  make  tliem  more  inc Tnu'd  tolioniliard  the 
garrison  and  all  who  were  lel't  in  it.  Under  their  outcries, 
backed  liythe  advice;  of  some  ol' his  remainiiif;  coiiiicillors, 
Gage  withheld  the  promised  lacilities  I'oi-  exit,  n.tidi'  it 
dillifult  for  any  to  obtain  passes,  posit iscly  iorhade  them 
to  some  applicants,  limited  the  meaniii<,M)r  the  wdrde  feets 
to  clothiiij;'  and  household  lurniture.  cxeludiiig  j>:ooils,  food, 
and  even  medicines,  and  thus  au',i;'ravatcd  at  once  anxiety 
for  escape  fi-om  the  town,  and  the  dilliculty  of  secui'in;.r  it. 
The  exi,u'eneii's  of  the  case,  however,  compelKil  him  to 
allow  the  exit  of  a  large  proiiortiou  of  the  people,  while  he 
forbade  the  selectmen,  and  individuals  of  whom  he  was 
jealous,  to  join  them,  (iladly  did  he  rid  himself  of  the 
infirm  and  poor,  the  sick,  women  and  children. 

It  was  estimated  that  before  the  battle  in  ("harlesfown 
10,000  of  the  inhabitants  had  left  the  two  peninsulas.  All 
such  of  the  exiles  as  had  not  friends  willing  and  able  to 
receive  them  were  provided  for  l)y  the  province,  with  a 
tenderly-guiirded  condition  that  they  were  not  to  l)e  held  to 
be  paupers,  but  sustained  by  a  (Ixtd  weekly  allowance.  Jn 
many  cases,  one  or  more  members  of  a  family,  or  agents  of 
merchants,  remained  in  town  to  guard  interests  or  prop- 
erty at  risk,  and  others,  as  just  stated,  wore  conii)t'IK'd  to 
stay.  So  it  happened  that  households  were  cruelly  sep- 
arated during  the  whole  siege,  never  seeing  tlu'ir  several 
members,  imagining  and  foreboding  all  forms  of  evil;  and 
if  occasionally  eommunieating  at  the  lines,  or  by  U'tters, 


58 


CENTKN'XrAL    yVNXTVKl!SARY    OP    THE 


b(.'iii<^  deprived  of  all  jirivacy,  as  interviews  were 
watched,  and  letters  were  opened  on  both  sides.  There 
was  not  tlien,  nor  is  there  to-day,  a  eonununity  of  the 
same  size  on  this  peopled  eartli  that  would  have  been,  or 
could  be,  more  grievously  racked  and  shattered,  more 
distracted  and  riven  in  wretchedness  and  ruin,  than  were 
the  town  and  people  of  ]k)Ston  nnder  these  rueful  ex- 
periences. Trade,  industry,  security,  all  [)aralyzed;  school 
and  family  discipline,  Sunday  ways,  habits  of  order, 
obedience  and  reverence  at  once  discredited;  sickness 
misolaccd;  death  hung  over  with  di'e])er  shadows,  and 
every  bitter  drop,  not  yet  in  the  cup  of  miseries,  reasonably 
anticipated  as  about  to  mingle  in  it,  —  all  tlicse  were  the 
beginning  of  sorrows.  It  was  characteristic  alike  of  the 
descent  and  the  habits  and  principles  of  the  ])eople,  that 
arrested  apprenticeships,  closed  schools,  and  dcllled 
churches  and  prostrate  family  altars,  were  often  lirst  and 
most  mournfully  spoken  of  as  deepening  the  gloom  of  the 
siege.  It  is  also  a  matter  of  authentic  and  suggestive 
meaning  tliat  even  the  poorest  mechanics  and  carpenters, 
of  tlie  native  stock  left  in  the  town,  refused  the  tempta- 
tion of  high  wages  to  work  on  the  construction  of  bar- 
rac'ks  for  the  British  soldiers,  as  the  cold  Aveather  was 
coming  on.  The  provincial  authorities,  at  the  request 
of  General  Gage,  reciprocated  his  allowance  of  tlu;  de- 
parture f>f  unsympathizing  inhabitants  from  IJoston, 
by  ])crmitting  certain  country  tories  fo  seek  a  refuge  in 
the  town,  among  congenial  fellowships.  As  the  event 
proved,  it  would  have  Ijcen  far  wiser  for  them  to  have  re- 
mained outside,  debating  their  variances  and  making  their 


KVACUATION    OF    150ST0X. 


r,9 


peace.     A  bittor  destiny  oi"  mi.seiy,  exile  and  poverty  was 
before  tlieni. 

In  tlu' l)attlc  at  CliarleMnwn  llie  British  forces  gained 
one  square  mile  of  tiie  territory  of  llie  continent  tliey  were 
to  sweep,  and  \<»\  a  tiionsiuid  men.  Xi>r  was  this  tlieir 
whole  loss,  nor  tlie  most  enl'eeliling  element  in  it.  In  lliat 
conflict  they  parted  with  their  conceit  and  assurance  that 
they  had  l)efore  them  only  the  inglorious,  though  easy, 
task  of  dealing  with  mobs  of  poltroons  and  cowards,  who 
could  bluster,  but  wtnild  not  light,  even  in  self-defence. 
The  revelations  made  in  the  abounding  reports  and  letters 
which  have  since  come  to  light,  as  sent  to  England  after 
that  engagement,  ofler  impressive,  and  often  anuising,  evi- 
dence thai  oflicers  and  men  had  been  roused  to  a  sense  of 
the  seriousness  of  tlu;  task  before  them,  and  would  readily 
have  given  ovtr  alike  its  glory  and  its  risk.  They  had 
now  two  little  sea-washed  i)eninsulas  to  hold  and  guard 
for  sunnner  and  Avinter  quarters.  The  i)atriots,  griping 
them  at  both  necks,  pestered  them  with  many  annoyances, 
l)lanmng  mischief  also  for  the  ships  in  the  bay,  and  making 
bold  raids  on  the  crops  and  flocks  of  the  islands.  The 
besiegers  began  to  look  less  and  less  like  a  gypsy  encamp- 
ment, or  a  picnic.  They  themselves  c-anie  from  four 
provinces,  from  which  also,  in  some  mysterious  way, 
unaided  by  magazines  or  a  connnissariat,  they  drew  such 
abundant  supplies  of  food  that  tlu're  was  even  waste  of  it. 
After  a  certain  fashion,  too,  they  had  oflicers.  Such  of 
them  as  were  not  housed  in  the  college  buildings  and  in 
neighboring  dwi'liings  erected  shelters  near  the  hills 
which  they  fortifled. 

Three  distinct  themes  of  separate,  though  of  related  and 


GU 


CKXTEXNLVL   ANNIVERS^UIY   OF   TUK 


absorl)ing  interest,  present  themselves,  as  requiring  thought 
and  notice  in  rehearsing  tlie  Siegeof  Boston,  viz. ,  the  work 
of  civilians  in  providing  and  administering  a  government; 
the  training  of  llie  patriot  forces  in  cami),  and  also  of 
their  conunander;  and  the  experiences  of  the  beleaguered 
town. 


CIVILIANS  COXSTULXTIXG  A  GOVERXMKXT  DnUNG  THE  SIEGE. 

It  is  to  be  remembered  that,  during  the  Avhole  siege, 
iMassachusetts  was  still,  at  best,  but  one  first  of  Twelve, 
then  of  Thirteen  United  British  Colonies,  not  yet  United 
States.  The  l)ond  of  allegiance  Avas  not  severed,  nor 
the  pride  and  lo\c  lV)r  a  foreign  fealty  yielded  up,  though 
hostile  forces  of  the  realm  had  shed  blood  and  were  at 
open  war  on  field  and  camp.  There  was  an  element  of 
the  humorous  and  the  grotes([ue  in  the  situation,  if  one 
had  heart  to  trace  it  out  amid  the  sterner  conditions. 
Curious,  perplexing,  mystifying  it  is  to  the  mousing 
reader  to  scan  the  public  and  private  papers  of  those 
times.  One  can  easily  pi-ovc  from  them  that  nothing 
short  of  rebellion  and  indei)endenco  Avas  seen  in  the 
vista  by  thosu  who  first  o])eued  the  debate  with  the 
mother-eountry ;  and,  as  easily,  that  the  same  men,  or 
their  doubles,  denied  the  charge  even  of  sedition,  and 
e-pressed  ania/ement  and  dread  of  the  very  idea  of  an  as- 
sertion of  independence.  And  yet  every  country  town,  as 
well  as  the  ca])ital,  was  from  the  first  comniitted,  in  s])eech 
and  writing,  to  claims  and  covenants  which  <(iulil  not 
possibly  stop  at  any  slagc  ,-hort  of  it.  'I'hc  bird  of  free- 
dom had  got  out  of  its  nest  and  taken  wing.  Our  village 
orators  and  nascent  politicians  became  masters  in  all  ob- 


EVACUATION   OP  BOSTON. 


01 


jurgatory  rhetoric,  and  in  all  the  ebullitions  of  patriotism. 
The  dictionaries  of  those  days  had  Lcen  ransacked  for  all 
tile  ojiprobrious  adjectives  they  conld  furnish  to  be  at- 
tached to  the  single  commodity  of  Tea,  and  tlie  most  sting- 
ing terms  were  dra\vn  upon  in  dealing  Avith  the  measures 
connected  with  the  decoction  that  had  been  made  of  it  in 
om-  harbor.  The  philippics  and  rallying  cries  and  burn- 
ing a[)peals  of  those  days  will  never  lose  their  latent  heat. 
True,  we  did  not  then  maintain  an  eagle  at  the  public  ex- 
])ense.  But  we  were  in  training  to  use  him,  with  c:law  and 
beak,  spread-wing  and  scream,  when  we  should  adopt  him. 
It  was  tlie  birth-time  of  what  has  been  called  American 
oratory,  or  Fourth  of  July  eloquence.  A  writhing  patriot 
embarrassed  the  digestion  of  his  lellow-citizens  by  the 
outburst,  "  The  martial  standard  of  war  is  erected  in  the 
very  bowels  of  your  town!"  The  eagle  has  now  attained 
his  maturity,  and  we  shall  approve  that  he  henceforward 
assume  the  calm  dignity  of  age. 

But  during  the  siege  of  Boston  the  pens  of  sagacious 
and  able  men  were  engaged  in  more  deliberate  and  ten\- 
pered  efforts  than  those  of  the  tongues  of  some  ai'dent 
orators.  They  were  providing  for  that  most  urgent  of  all 
social  securities,  whether  in  times  of  peace  or  of  war,  the 
supremacy  of  the  civil  over  the  militarj-  power.  The  I'oyal 
mandate,  in  riding  over  the  charter  of  Massacluisetts,  liad 
destroyed  one  branch  of  its  Legislature  and  subverted  its 
judicial  courts.  General  Gage,  by  his  proclamation  of 
June  12,  declaring  the  province  in  rebellion,  and  establish- 
ing martial  law,  with  the  proscription  of  patrio*  leaders, 
was  held  to  have  vacated  liis  civil  authority  over  the  prov- 
ince that  he  might  hold  military  sway  over  Boston.     The 


(V2 


CEXTKN'NIAI.    ANXIVEHS^UIV    OF    TIIK 


province,  thcreCore,  was  without  a  lejj^islaturo  and  an  exec- 
utive, witliout  a  magistracy  and  a  judiciary.  Govenunent 
was  luidcniiincd  and  aniudlcd.  The  old  royal  sanction 
and  method  of  it  could  not  be  revived,  and  it  wa.s  for  the 
people  to  decide  whether  they  would  dispense  with  gov- 
ernment, oi'  avert  anarchy  by  constituting  it.  The  Pi'ovin- 
cial  Congress,  on  ^Slay  r>,  accepted  the  gauge  which  the 
garrisoned  Governor  had  thrown  down,  put  their  own 
interpretation  upon  it,  and  resolved,  "that  General  Gago 
had  disqualified  himself  for  serving  the  colony  in  any  ca- 
pacity; that  no  obedience  was  in  fiitui'e  due  to  ITuu;  that 
he  ought  to  be  guarded  against  as  an  unnatural  and  invet- 
erate enemy."  With  a  view  to  an  instant  ])i'ovision  for 
the  emergency,  the  I'rovincial  Congress  had  the  ready  re- 
source of  revei'ting  to  their  old  and  honored  forms  of  self- 
administration,  but  wisely  waited,  as  did  other  ])i'ovinces, 
for  advice  from  the  Continental  Congress,  about  "taking 
up  and  exercising  the  powers  of  civil  government."  The 
Pr(j\  incial  Congress  at  Watertown  had  occasion,  on  May 
18,  1775,  to  say  that  they  "were  determined  to  preserve 
their  dignity  and  power  over  the  military"  —  tlieii-  own 
military. 

It  was  a  suijliine  triumph  of  the  traditions,  ])rinciples 
and  spirit  which  had  trained  the  peojjlc  of  Massachusetts, 
that,  at  a  temjjorai'y  and  alarming  crisis,  when  the  powers 
of  magisti'ates  and  the  functions  of  judges  were  suspend- 
ed, there  should  have  been  the  least  need  of  tluin  in  out- 
bursts of  local  disoi'dur,  or  even  in  ci)ntroversies  of  man 
Avith  man.  The  alternative  of  a  i)opular  government,  in- 
stituted and  ratified  by  forms  familiar  from  the  long  past, 
and  sure  of  the  a[)[)ro\al  and  obedience  of  those  whoso 


EVACUATION   OF   BOSTON. 


03 


free-will  crciitcd  and  sanctioned  them,  was  at  oiic-u  availed 
of.  Cautiously,  but  firmly,  and  with  daily  advances  over 
a  course  which  opened  for  its  own  successive  stages,  this 
and  the  other  provinces  engaged  in  the  needful  work  of 
being  their  own  legislators.  Advice,  recommendations, 
requests,  urgent  appeals,  steadily  led  on  to  the  bold  ven- 
tures of  requisition,  till  popular  assent  and  approval,  en- 
forced by  the  stern  necessities  of  the  case,  warranted  the 
assumi)tion  and  exercise  of  a  coercive  power.  Tlu;  C(mti- 
nental  Congress,  still  addressing  and  petitioning  the  king 
of  Great  Britain,  as  s'.ill  the  sovereign  of  this  part  of  his 
realm,  were  hesitating,  undecisive,  temporizing,  about 
giving  the  explicit  instructions  which  the  provinces  had 
asked  for  the  establishment  of  government.  But  still, 
according  to  the  saying  which  repeats  the  homeliest,  as 
well  as  the  profonndest  wsdom,  "one  thhig  came  after 
another,"  and  in  due  time  the  instructions  came,  with  an 
indorsement. 

Xo  undue  encomiums,  though  they  have  been  warm 
and  lavish,  esi)ccially  from  the  other  side  of  the  ocean, 
have  been  passed  upon  what  we  may  call  the  State  papers 
of  this  and  the  other  provinces  and  of  the  Continental 
Congress  of  those  troubled  years.  There  is  a  tone  and 
character  couunon  to  them  all.  In  them  civilians  guided 
and  directi'd  in  due  subordination  the  swords  of  oilicers 
and  soldiers.  Beginning  with  writings  from  the  Select- 
men of  Boston  and  the  papers  covering  the  altercations 
of  Kepresentatives  of  Massachusetts  wilii  the  three  Gov- 
ernors, Bernard,  Uutchinson  and  tiage,  then  proceeding 
with  those  of  the  Couuniltee  of  Correspondi'Uce,  of  the 
Coui\ciI  of  War,  of  the  Conunittee  of  Safety,  the  resolu- 


64 


CKXTENNTAL   ANXIVEI5SARY   OP   TUK 


tions  of  Town-Meetings,  the  instructions  to  delegates, 
the  documents  of  the  I'lovincial  Congresses,  and  ending 
with  tlie  formal  papers  of  the  Contini'utal  Congress  at 
Philadelphia,  we  cannot  but  marvel  to-day  over  the  mod- 
eration, the  discretion,  the  acumen,  the  aptness  and  ct)- 
gcncy  of  their  tone,  method  and  contents.  They  have 
the  exactness,  pith  and  directness  most  desirable  and 
cfTective  in  the  best  class  of  legal  and  oflicial  doc- 
uments, without  verbiage,  complication  or  mere  in- 
genuity in  woi'd  fence.  Whether  these  papers  are 
merely  appointments  or  recommendations  of  occasions 
for  days  of  Fasting  and  Thanksgiving  according  to  the 
revered  New  England  usage,  for  a  single  province,  or  for 
the  continent,  or  relate  to  provisions  for  a  paper  currency, 
or  concern  matters  in  which  a  local  might  conflict  with  a, 
general  direction  of  common  interests,  we  note  the  same 
admirable  qualities  in  them.  The  most  formal  of  the 
manifestoes  and  declarations  designed  to  be  read  abroad, 
were  written  with  such  power  and  pertinency  as  to  be 
elDcicnt  pleaders  of  our  cause.  The  lullowing  are  the 
words  of  the  Earl  of  Chatham  in  the  House  of  Lords  :  — 
"  When  your  lordships  look  at  the  i)apers  transmitted 
us  from  America,  when  you  consider  their  decency,  firm- 
ness and  wisdom,  you  cannot  but  resj)ect  their  cause,  and 
wish  to  make  it  your  own.  For  myself  I  must  avow,  that 
in  all  my  readings,  —  and  I  have  read  Thucydides,  and 
have  studied  and  admired  the  master  States  of  the 
world,  —  for  solidity  of  reason,  force  of  sagacity,  and 
wisdom  of  conclusion,  under  a  complication  of  ditlicult 
circumstances,  no  nation  or  body  of  men  can  stand  in 
prelcrence  to  the  General  Congress  at  Philadeii)hia." 


EVACUATION-    OI'    nOSTOX. 


65 


111  one  flass  of  llioso  State  papers,  siicli  as  addresses 
mul  petitions  to  the  Iviii;;-,  and  those  declaratory  of  ]irin('i- 
]iles  and  purposes,  ])reeedin<;  that  of  Indejiendenee,  thi' 
reader  of  our  day  is  struck  liy  a  certain  adroit,  subtle, 
acute  skill,  sonietiuies  almost  snggestiv  •  of  aiM  or  disii\- 
ji-enuousness,  in  ])lea,  remonstrance,  avowal  or  profession. 
Jt  was  the  cue,  so  to  si)eak,  of  their  writers,  to  distini^'uish 
broadly  between  the  mind,  intent  and  inclination  of  the 
King  on  his  throne  and  in  his  ])rivacy,  and  the  purposes 
and  measures  of  liis  Parliament  and  Cabinet.  Notorious 
is  it  now  that  tiie  stitf  and  unyielding  ol)stinacy  of  the 
King,  his  almost  insane  jjcrversity  and  persistency  against 
the  advice  of  his  ministers,  and  even  their  desire  to  lay 
down  their  ollice,  goaded  on  the  strife  from  stage  to 
stage;  ■while  Lord  Xorth  was  a  tool,  and  hardly  an  agent. 
Of  course  our  fatlu'i's  did  not  know,  or  perhaps  even 
imagine,  the  facts  in  the  case. 

Hut  we  can  hardly  conceive  they  were,  at  the  same 
time,  so  stoliil,  and  yet  so  ingenious,  as  this  class  of  their 
])aiiei's  would  make  them  ajjpear.  Their  avowals  of  love, 
and  loyalty  and  devoted  allegiance  to  his  Majesty,  and  of 
their  desire  to  comply  in  all  things  with  what  were,  or  — 
as  they  understood  it  —  what  ought  to  be  his  reasonable 
e.\[)ectati{ms  from  his  sul)jects  here,  were  most  profuse 
and  ardent,  sometimes  excessive  and  hardly  masculine. 
lint  they  fairly  oil'set  this  mode  and  tone  of  addressing 
him  Iiy  the  most  defiant,  objurgatory  and  denunciatory 
way  of  dealing  with  his  advisers.  'I'hey  wrote  to  and  of 
the  ministry  and  ])aiTiament  with  an  aduiirable  elVrontery, 
as  if  they  were  really  thwarting  his  Majesty's  kind  inten- 
tions and   purposes.     So,  while  the  patriot   forces  were 


(i() 


CKXTKNXIAL    AXNIVERSAKV   OF   TIIK 


coopiii-;-  u|)  ihe  ldii<;"s  troops  in  Hosloii,  iiiul  i)liin(U'nng 
his  stori-sliips,  tlii'  (,'oiij;Tt'ss  nl  riiiliulclpliifi  was  iiiscrii)- 
iiif;-  to  him  addiTssi's  and  lu'tilions  of  siicli  a  tcniiHT  ami 
prol'cssioii,  tliat  one  miglit  almost  iiilor  that  ihi'V  would 
have  wi'lcomcd  him  to  cross  the  sea  and  lake  a  scat  in 
their  asscmhly,  oi-  accept  iVom  them  a  commission  to  lu'ad 
their  army  in  drivin;;-  oil'  his  own  soldiers.  'I'liey  had 
motive,  ir  not  reason,  lor  thus  professing-  love  lor  their 
monarch,  while  dcnonncin^-  his  minislei-s.  So  his  troops 
here  were  spoken  of  as  "the  vile  and  eontem])til)le  agents 
of  a  vcn^-cfnl  and  wicked  ministry";  or,  iis  Washington 
pln-isi'd  it,  ''a  diabolical  ministi-y/' 

This  was  the  sting  of  the  letters  addressed  liy  him  to 
(ienerals  Gage  and  Howe,  on  the  treatment  and  exchange 
of  prisoners,  and  which  they  so  sharply  resented,  it  was  a 
keen  inortilication  and  provocation  to  British  oilicers  and 
soldiers  to  be  uniformly  s])oken  of  and  dealt  with  as  this 
l)olicy  of  the  so-called  rebels  dictated.  Gage  called  it,  on 
the  part  of  AVashington,  an  "insinuation;"  and  Howe  re- 
l)lied  to  it  as  an  "invective  against  his  superiors,  so  insidt- 
in"-  to  himself  as  to  obstruct  anv  fmlher  intercourse.'' 

A  similar  character  is  noticeable  in  these  State  jjapers 
in  tlu'ir  j)rofessions  of  loyally  and  willingness  to  recognize 
the  royal,  and  even  the  parliamentary  and  ministerial  au- 
thority within  certain  limits  —  very  cloudily  dellned,  how- 
ever. But  every  way  and  form  in  which  it  was  i)roposed 
that  that  authority  should  be  exercised  was  pronounced  a 
"•rievanee.  It  is  imiiossible  for  us  to  trace,  distinctly,  any 
practicable  theory  by  which  the  patriots  would  adjust 
their  relations  to  their  mothcr-eotmtry,  so  that  they  might 
still  be  subjects,  as  they  said  they  were  willing  to  be,  and 


EVACUATION'    OI'    JtOSTO.V. 


<i7 


yot  ii"t  l)c  in  siibjc'ctidii,  as  they  R'sulved  they  wimld  not 
lit",  'riif  foiitrovor.sy  was  coiistaiitly  shifting  its  gToinids, 
and  clianj-ing  sliaiio,  coloi-  and  substance.  Tt:  seemed  to 
some  in  England  as  if  Avo  Avefo  tricking  and  trilling  witli 
thcni.  On  the  iirst  arrival  of  the  ti'o()[)s,  one  of  the  votes 
passed  at  a  lioston  town-meeting,  Sv\A.  Vo,  17<)S,  was.  "As 
there  is  at  this  time  a  prevailing  apprehension  of  apin'oaeh- 
ing  war  with  France,  every  inhabitant  is  re(|nesli'd  to 
provide  himself  with  a  well-tixed  lire-lock,  nnr^kef.  accon- 
trements  and  anmumition."  'J'hcre  was  no  more  ])rospi'ct 
of  snch  a  war  with  France,  than  ol"  hei'  then  bombarding 
Boston  with  a  Ik'ct  of  inm-clad  steam  monitors.  At  tirst 
A\o  j)rotested  against  being  taxed  l)y  Parliament,  becanse 
not  represented  in  it;  the  imi)lieation  being  that,  if  we 
■were  represented  in  it,  we  wonld  assnme  onr  share  in  par- 
liaiiuMitary  levies  and  subsidies.  Afterwards,  wluii  reji- 
resenlation  was  olleivd  us,  we  replied  that  it  wDuld  be 
inconvenient  to  avail  ourselves  of  it. 

The  simjile  truth  is,  our  civilians,  as  petitioiiei's.  remon- 
strants and  pleaders,  did  not  reach  to  the  tap-mot  of  the 
eontrovcrsy,  till  successful  resistance  by  actual  lighting 
laid  it  open  to  the  light,  viz.,  that  distance,  lapse  of  time, 
divergence  of  interests,  and  our  own  growth  to  self-man- 
agement, made  it  prei)osterous  altogether  that  America 
.should  he  a  lief  of  (ireat  Britain.  It  was  but  a  iiracticc 
in  casuistry  for  us  to  be  complaining  of  grievances  iu  the 
infraction  of  the  royal  charter.  The  supreme  grievance 
was  that  our  life,  liberty  and  property  were  any  way  in- 
volved in  a  charier. 

AVe  nnist  trace  to  the  utterances  of  tongue  and  pen  in 
those  days,  full  as  much  as  to  weapons  of  war,  the  embit- 


(),S 


CKXTKNMAI,    AXMVEKSAHY    OF    TIIK 


tcniicnt  <ir  Irrliii;^-,  ji'alousios  nnd  imiliuil  iintipiilliics  bc- 
twffii  ihr  jji'oplc  ofCirciit  lii'iliiiii  aiul  licr  colonics,  which, 
wilh  a  hitciit  ])crsislciicy  in  tlicir  ti'iinsmission,  iiiid  occa- 
sionally intensely  aji'^ravated  in  their  manifestation,  were 
yieldinji-  to  time  and  leason,  till  tlu^y  were  revived  in  the 
complications  of  our  civil  war.  Ohlivionsnt'ss  of  the 
peopk'  in  lur  American  colonies,  and  utter  indill  i-ence  to- 
wards them,  as  a  decayed  or  harhai'ized  hranch  of  the  old 
ancestral  stock,  were  the  prcvailinj;-  leelings  of  Hu'j.lish- 
men  as  the  storm  was  gathering.  An  astoundin;^'  ama/e- 
inent  that  these  peoi)ie  should  have  a  woi'd  to  say  for 
themselves  as  being  still,  and  still  claiming  tlu'  rights  of, 
Englishmen,  came  with  the  first  threat  of  roistanco. 
This  ft'cling  passed  successively  through  the  phases  of 
hauteur,  scorn,  contempt,  passionate  hate  and  vengeful 
malice.  True,  we  had  ardent  frii'uds  among  vai'ious 
clashes  ol'the  Hritish  jieople,  and  bold  and  eloijuent  cliam- 
pions  of  some  portion  of  our  whole  cause  in  J'arliament. 
IJnt  even  the  most  discerning  and  forecasting  of  this 
]iarty  in  op])osition,  while  two  or  three  among  them  dared 
to  forebode  that  our  complete  severance  and  independence 
might  ensue  on  our  resistance  to  tyranny,  did  not  ventine 
to  dellni'  a  consistent  policy  towards  us  which  would 
practically  reconcile  us  to  any  method  of  foreign  rule. 
The  (lualitit's  which  Englishmen  then,  and  e\er  since, 
havi'  most  disliked  in  us  are  conceit,  boast  fulness,  self- 
sutlicii'ucy  and  self-com[)laeeucy,  —  the  very  1  aits  which, 
bv  lilood  and  lineage,  we  derive  from  our  English  au- 
cestrv,  and  which,  though  somewhat  mellowed  by  a  livi'lier 
humor  and  good  nature,  are  none  the  K'ss  exhibited  almost 
as  olfensively  by  the  progeny  as  by  the  parent  sl(jek. 


I 


KVA(  UA'IION    <>l'    ll()>ro\. 


C.!! 


Such  was  tlic  work  wliiili  llic  iivili;ms  of  province 
anil  coiilini'Mt  wcri'  ihnw^  (li>cii(  il.v  and  willi  lidflit y,  as 
tliey  cautionsly  Celt  llu'lr  way  on  to  ilic  (■on>lni(tion  ol'  a 
nation,  dnring  tlioso  cU'ven  niontlis  iliron;j,li  wiiicli  old 
Boston  was  a  ]{ritisli  j^^arrison,  and  a  patriot  liost  en- 
vironed it.  iir.st  to  eonline,  tlu'ii  to  annoy  it,  and  linallv  lo 
drive  it  away. 

riir,  r.\ri!i(ii'  cami'  ani>  akmv. 
AVe  eaniiot   call  liiose  swarms  and  ^^ronps  of  conntry- 
nien  an  army,  even   until  a  lon;^-  time  aiU'i'  Washington 
look  command,  on  -Inly  :{d.     Tlie  province  had  nuistered, 
enrolled  and  olliceri'd  her  own  militia  and  volunteers,  and 
the  other  New    Hnfi'land  provinces  hail  sent    forct's  simi- 
larly organized  — loosely— yet,  as  it  proved,  they  met  the 
enier<"-i'nev.      'I'liey  were  I'nlisted   for  very   short    terms: 
knew   little   of   snhordination  or   disciiilini':    were   apt    to 
eomo  and  <:,-o  at  their  own  wills:  cluiij;-  to  their  own  local 
associations:    and    preferred    to   allot    titles    and    rank  as 
colonels,  majors,  captains,  and  so  on.  to  the  men  wiiom 
they  had  known  on  their  villaj^i'  commons,  at  town-meet- 
ings, and  in  the  taverns  on  nuister  days.     Some  of  these 
olliecrs  and  men  had  si'i'n  service  in  the  FriMieh  and  Indian 
wars.    Gen.  Ward  was  their  connnander.     After  a  fashion, 
they   lu'ld   the   environs  (.1'   IJoslon.  through   a  circuit   of 
hill,  valley  and  marsh,  of  nearly  twenty   miles,  including 
•  niards   at    outposts,    with    militarv   works,  of  their    own 
fashion,  too,  on  some  prominent  and  some  exposed  ])oints. 
They  had  nothing  to  he  called  ordnance,  but  few-  muskets, 
and    those  verv   poor  ones,   Icwer    liayonets,   and    scarce 
a    scattering    of   i)owder.     Yet    tlu'y    did    not    part    with 


I 


70 


l'K.\ti:nmai,  ANXivKiiSAiiv  ui-  Tin; 


a  siii^''I(!  square  Coot  ol'  tlic  soil  on  wliicli  llicv  liad 
jilaiitcd  tliciusclvcs.  'I'lionjili  alimisl  incessantly  ean- 
imnaded  frniii  llie  Hrilisii  wurks  on  hotli  peninsulas  and 
Ihiui  the  ;;unlioats,  not  a  seoi-e  of  tlieni  were  killed  durinj^ 
tlie  wjiole  siei^e.  Tile  scene,  as  sli^^litly  sUeli'licd  hy  a  few 
liei-soiis  who  had  an  eye  lor  natiu'e  as  well  as  lor  luunan- 
ity,  was  su^r^-estive  and  impressive,  if  not  heantiful.  Tn  tlio 
/glorious  suunuiT  months  of  foliiii>e  and  lierhaye  ovei  that 
splendid  panorama,  the  excited  <;ronps  wroujilit  busily  hy 
day,  and  kept  watch  hy  ni,i;hl.  tnrninu-  the  liill-to|is  into 
fitadi'ls,  and  tiampini;'  the  tilled  lields,  the  sustenance  of 
their  households  and  cattle.  An  encampment  ol' about  lifty 
Ineudly  Sto(dJ)rid;;-e  Indians  nestled  in  a  <xv(n\'  on  the 
l)reseiit  sileof  the  Watei'lown  Arsenal.  The  rillemrii  from 
Yir-i-iniaand  Maryland  lurked  ventiucsomuly  in  the  nearest 

hidinjx-places,  aiid  were  a  serious  a >ance  to  the  enemy 

in  pi(  kiii;,^  oil'  any  who  were  exposed  as  nvarks.  The 
renuiant  of  the  native  forest  was  cut  away  in  the  severities 
of  the  followin;::  winter,  and  it  was  Unv^  befijre  nature 
recovered  her  sway  over  the  scene.  N'wo  j,'-rand  and 
fruitful  studies  in  the  ])orti'aiture  of  character  and  the 
develojnnent  of  a  mighty  task  woeld  offer  themselves  in 
the  attempt  to  delineate  the  e  imp  of  the  patriots.  One 
would  be  the  self-training  of  the  uigust  eonunander;  the 
other  would  be  the  formation  and  organization  of  an  army 
disciplined  and  made  elfective  I'rom  crude,  extempori/ed, 
Huctuating,  and  even  resisting  materials:  and  this,  too, 
under  perplexities  and  disabilitii's  s;u  li  as  were  never 
before  encountered  by  a  (Jcneral  in  ancient  or  modern 
warfare. 


KVACl   ATION     fll"    IIIISTOX. 


71 


Till'.    l'\rillnr    (iiMM  \Slii;i!. 

W'luii  \\'ii.sliiii;;1i>ii,  ill  ilic  ulmv  <>{'  his  iiiiiiilniiiil,  !il   iIk; 
n<Xv  of  rorty-tlircc,  slinpid   mikI  iinMililcd  in   lonii,  riiiturc* 

iiiul    iiiiiii    iiltcr    lint  lire's    limst    i Itiliii^'.    siil    iiKiiiiili'il 

iiiuIlt  liic  siiadf  of  liic  cliii-tirc  on  ( 'iiiiil)i'i(l<;t!  ('mniiioii, 
wc  ini;;lit  liavc  seen  in  liini  tiic  froiilis|)ifcc  and  titlt-paj^-c 
r>l'  a  new  volume  of  llie  \s()ri(rs  l)i(>;4ra|)liy  and  liislory. 
lie  liad  liad  niililarv  e\|)ei'ien(e  In  the  wihlerness,  con- 
verse with  men.  mihI  praetiei'  in  llie  a(hnini-ti'ation  ol'  local 
ina^iMstracv.  I5iit  the  ( 'oniniander-in-Chiel  was  made  and 
trained  licro.  And  while  he  was  leaniin;,','  here  the  ail  of 
war,  the  iiietho(l  of  self-maslerv  in  which  his  |)ii|iila,ne 
l)ej:,an.  trained  him  to  such  a  know  led,ue  ol'  the  aits  of 
peace  as  to  til  him  lo  he  the  master-ruler  of  the  country 
which  he  had  created.  ( 'ou;;-ress  liad  commis-inucd  him 
as  commander  without  providing-  him  with  an  army,  and 
the  army  which  they  ima;^iiie(l  as  in  existence  tlu'y  did 
not  furnish  with  weapons,  susleiiaiice  or  pay.  And  for 
any  powers  of  authority,  ran^c  of  sway,  or  dcliued  plans, 
c'itlier  in  civil  or  military  alfairs,  Congress,  to  which  the 
coiimiauder  was  respoiisihle  as  a  servant,  was  as  .shadowy 
and  inia<;inary  a  body  as  was  the  army  of  which  he  was 
the  head.  Vnii  Uv  surveyed  the  work  liefore  him,  and 
summoned  his  advisers  ami  helpers,  (^ne  is  tempted  to 
,siay,  —  indeed,  he  wrote  it  him-elf.  —  that  hv  would  not 
have  assumed  the  nspousihilitii's  c<immiited  to  him  had 
he  foreseen  the  conditions,  discomlitiires  and  perplexities 
Avhich  were  to  tlii(d<en  U|)on  him.  The  nobler  then  was 
the  constancy  Avhich  met,  without  i|uaiHn,u-.  all  these 
thronging    spectres    as    they    came    out    of    shadow   into 


i'J, 


CENTENXIAL    AX.MVEIt.SAKY    OF   THE 


roiility.  Eiioiiuli  Ihat  wliat  lie  had  to  fnc<)iiiitL'i-  of  tliem 
day  l)y  day  vii'ldc'd  to  tlic  rcyourcos  in  liiinsi-lf  and  in 
Providt-nci'.  It  -was  ni'vcr  a  distnist  or  regret  al)ont  the 
canse  tliat  eanie  even  in  his  most  (U'pressed  lionr,  bnt  a 
prelerenee  I'or  the  eomniand  of  a  reg-inient  to  lliat  of  the 
army. 

lie  rode  tlie  cirenit  of  tlie  lines,  deleeting-  suoecssively 
the  weak  ])oints,  and  strt'ngthening  and  niuUii)lyinj,^  the 
del'enees,  till  he  had  lilled  every  gaj)  in  them.  Tlie  out- 
bursts of  a  resolved  and  deliant  sj)irit  in  poj)nlar  ha- 
i-angiies  and  in  the  writings  of  ardent  ])atriots,  had  natur- 
ally led  him  to  expeet  that  he  shonld  here  find  among-  the 
rnstie  g-ronps  some  of  the  primary,  essential  iiualities  of 
soldiers  in  a  eamp;  and  also,  in  the  provineial  eonstitu- 
eney  of  these  soldiers,  a  readiness  to  respond  to  his  call 
for  needfnl  nieasiu'es  and  su])])lies.  Sadly  and  o])press- 
ively  was  his  noble  spirit  tried  by  strang-e  deliciencii's  and 
eontraiy  tokens  in  these  matters.  And  hen'in  lay  the 
g-randeiu-  of  his  magnanimity  and  of  his  ecpianimity.  In- 
stead of  yielding  to  dismay  and  so  losing  the  mastery 
over  himself,  he  boldly  faeed  the  lacts  witli  which  he  had 
to  deal,  traeed  them  to  natnral  and,  so  fai',  to  neecssary, 
DC',  asions,  ti'mpori/ed  with  them  patiently,  slowly  mingled 
in  with  them  (pudifying  and  restraining  agencies,  and 
then  saw  them  yield  to  his  calm  and  steadfast  purpose, 
lie  found  the  men,  in  what  eoidd  hardly  be  called  the 
ranks,  enlisted  l)nt  for  days  or  weeks;  their  companies 
were  fragments,  and  their  regiments  were  skeletons;  their 
ollieers  were  their  village  or  cf)nnty  notabk's,  eonunis- 
sioned  by  local  ])artialities,  and  on  terms  of  rnd(>  and  dis- 
orderly familiarity  with  their  men.     All  of  them  were  on 


i 


1 
i 


p 

i 


•A 


EVACUATION'    <)I'    liOSTO.V.  7;} 

])roviiiciiil  cstiiljlisliiiu'iil-;,  cnido.  raw  and  h'liiponiry. 
Dissension  iuid  jcaloiiM-  Wivv.  iiu-idcnt  In  cnfoiccd  sul)- 
()i'diiiali.»n,  and  an  adjiislnicnt  of  rank  and  liic  restraints 
of  discipline.  :>[ost  of  lliese  exteni].oi'i/.ed  soldid's  felt  at 
liberty  to  eonie  and  go  at  their  j)leasure.  talking  for 
granted  that  more,  jnst  like  tliein,  eould  eonu'  in  their 
room.  They  had  left  honses,  fields,  mills,  workshoj-s,  and 
iamilies.  withont  gnardians  or  lahorei's.  AN'lio  ^vas  to 
care  for  those  at  home,  aye,  or  pi'ovide  the  food  iiv-and-hv 
fol'  the  wastefulness  of  eampsV  So,  whether  loiterers  or 
enlisted,  the  mass  of  those  whom  Washington  lirst  saw- 
as  constituting  his  command  were  inconstant  and  nnsteadv, 
and  to  some  extent  intraelalile.  Vet  the  very  vagi'ancv 
and  lluctiiation  of  tlu'sc  ))i'ovincial  forces  led  the  eiiemv 
in  lioston  to  ovi'restimale  their  nnmliers  and  the  ell'eetixc- 
iiessofthe  service  ihevconld  perform,  'i'liis  mi-leading 
fancy  was  in  fact  the  reason  Avhy  the  jiatriot  camp  was 
not  vigorously  assailed  when  it  was  really  the  most  e\- 
])osed  ;ind  weak.  ~i'i't  an  enoi'mons  amount  of  hard 
woik  with  hand  and  s]iade  had  heen  done  on  the  in- 
trenchments.  though  engineers  were  wholly  la(d<ini:-.  and 
tools  Avere  lew  and  ])oor. 

"When  Washington  instil nti'd  an  innuiry,  the  residt 
reported  to  him  was.  that  he  had  I  (.500  men  lit  lor  some 
soia  of  military  ser\ice.  ISul  ol  such  as  could  he  relied 
on  as  soldier.-  he  ne\cr  had  that  nunilici'  during  the  whole 
siege,  and  thei'c  were  critical  inli'rvals  in  the  expiration  of 
eniisinients,  and  the  dilatory  sulistitution  of  new  reei'uits, 
when  he  had  not  e\en  1.000.  On  an  cxlreme  emenivnev 
he  woidd  rely  for  a  few  days  on  the  mililia.  'I'liis  was  tlui 
i^iOiation    of  ilic    conmiandcr    in    lull    view    of   ;i   vi-il.inl 


4 


n-ATKNNl.VI.    ANMVi:i:S.\l!Y    OF    THE 


ciu'inv.  v.Ikisc  loi'cc  was  csliniiitcd  at  ,ri,.')(H).  tlioroujilily 
ollii'fivd.  c'([uii)i)i(l.  (lis(ii)rni('(l  ami  supplied,  and  with  an 
anxiliary  lloet  in  liic  Itay  and  rivers. 

'I'lie  lack  of  powder  in  the.  patriot  (•ain[)  was  a  matter 
oi'  such  anxiety  to  AVa>liin_nton,  that  even  liis  elloi'ls  to 
ol)tain  it.  l)y  any  sliil'l  and  from  any  ([iiarter,  were  most, 
jealonsiv  disguised,  that  the  enemy  mi.ulit  not  come  to  a 
fidl  knowli'diit'  of  tlie  I'act.  Yet  it  woidd  seem  as  if  this 
delieieney  nuist  have  lieen  well  known  in  Hoston  through 
deserters  or  toriis.  The  ]Nrassaehusetts  Assenihly,  too.  1)V 
a  resolve  ol  Aug.  IT,  ITT.I.  had  "recommended  to  the 
inhal)itants  of  this  colony  not  to  lire  a  gun  at  heast,  l)ird 
or  mark,  without  real  necessity  therefor."  I'l'ecantions 
had  l)een  taken  to  have  the  live  stock  ol"  the  ni'ighlwring 
towns  driven  baidc  into  the  country,  and  a  I'cndezvons  had 
been  designated  foi' the  provincials  in  the  event  of  their 
lines  ln'ing  broken.  For  Wasiiiuglon  had  resolved  to 
hold  his  ground  and  to  strengthen  his  works,  making  as 
close  an  ajijiroach  to  the  I'liemy  as  the  natural  features  of 
the  environs  would  ]iennit.  As  soon  as  his  eye  had  mas- 
tered the  panorama,  his  thought  and  j)urpose  rested  n|)ou 
those  unoccupied  southern  heights  on  which  his  decisive 
batteries  were  at  last  iilauted.  His  all-engrossing  work 
was  to  ell'ect  the  paramount  object  of  bringing  the  pro- 
vincial forces  under  u  continental,  or  general  establish- 
ment, with  con'es]Kmding  connnissions  for  ollicers. 

During  the  llr>t  half  of  the  siege  of  IJoston,  Washing- 
ton was  ill  dread  siis|)ense  and  aiipreheiision  of  an  assault 
from  the  enemy,  while  he  was  so  ntterly  imitreparcd  to 
inei-t  it.  Through  the  last  half  ol"  the  sit'ge  !ie  ehafi'd, 
with  sonii'what  better  preparation,  under  the  iniputionec  of 


KVACUAJHiX    Ol"    IfOSTOX. 


ii> 


a  conslraiiR'd  inaotivity,  bocmsc  llio  cnoiiiy  did  not  come 
out  against  him,  and  his  own  olliccrs  would  not  couuscj  a 
vi'iituiv  aji'aiiist  Ihcin- — uiiicli  lie  twice  iM'i)|i(is(d,  once  Iiy 
Itoats,  and  once  u|)on  tin-  ice.  lie  was  cliccrcd  in  Oflo- 
l)('r  l)y  a  \isil  aud  cnntrri'ucc  ^\ilil  a  couuuiltrc  IVoui  the 
Continoutal  Congress,  with  the  sagaeious  Fi'auklin  at  tiie 
head  of  it,  to  whom  tlie  toM'u  of  liis  1)ii-th  must  hav(!  pre- 
sented itself  IVoni  oulsich'  in  a  strange  jiiiglit.  Tiie  h'tter.s 
of  tiie  fonnnander  provi'  tliat  liis  lirmiuss  nevei'  came  so 
near  I'aheriiig  as  wlien  lie  was  f(irce<l  to  rt-ali/.e.  as  autumn 
ap|»roached,  that  hv  might  ha\c'  to  pass  the  winter  and 
wait  lor  tlie  sjiriug  just  where  aud  as  he  wa>.  'I'he  enemy 
would  not  bring  the  issue  to  a  di'cision,  and  it  was  not 
wise  for  him  to  force  one.  With  most  anxious  care  he  at 
once  to(dc  measures  for  covering  and  wanning  the  sohiiers 
through  the  sevei'lties  and  the  dismal  shadows  of  a  ^ew 
Englaml  winter  on  liiose  hleak  hills.  3Iidway  iii  that 
winter  till'  enlistments  of  a  large  portion  of  his  men 
w<uil(l  expire;  and  some  of  them,  in  their  straits  or  un- 
easiness, were  I'or  autici|)ating  their  release.  lie  was 
aide,  however,  to  send  forth  a  detachment  for  an  eiUer- 
])rise  in  Canada.  Transports  with  armed  vessels  were 
occasi(;aally  seen  going  out  of  the  harlior.  and  "Wash- 
ington was  in  ])aiuful  ]>('rpli'xity  as  to  their  destina- 
tion. Thus  he  wi'lti's  to  ( 'ongri'ss  at  the  o]>euing  of 
the  yt'ar  !77<i:  "It  is  not  iu  the  jiages  of  history, 
]icrha|is,  to  furnish  a  cast'  like  ours.  To  niainlain 
a  ])ost  williln  musket-shot  of  the  enemy  for  six  luontlis 
together  without  (pow(U'r|,  aud  at  the  same  time  to  dis- 
band one  army  aud  ri'cruil  another,  within  that  distance 
of  twenty  odd    Itrilish   regiments,  is   luort'.  jirohably.  tluiii 


7() 


ci:n  TKNMAi,  ANxivi:i:s.\i:v  ok  'iiik 


ever  ^Vils  ;itteiii|itc(l.""  'riicsc  jirc  the  words  of  ii  caliii  rc- 
iscrvi',  ill  utlcriiiii-i',  which  ■were  to  be  read  bel'ure  many 
lisleiurs.  IJiit  fhey  iiiilc  the  seei'et  distress  wliicii  l)iir- 
ih'iied  his  sjiiril.  11. is  he  oeeasioiially  disc-losi'S  cDii- 
lldeiitially  to  'lis  nearest  I'rieiul  and  si^eri'tary,  fU)se])li 
Jxeed,  tiins:  "1  ■•  many  an  iinliaj)ity  lioui'  wIumi  all 
around    me    are    ■  .ed    in    slee|i."'     .Vil    the  while  the 

eonntry.  eoiiseious  oi  liaving  serious  ends  in  view,  and  of 
having- made  eH'ort  and  saeri lice,  was  daily  I'xpecling-  some 
i.'i"  at  movement  to  be  ventured,  and  eGm]ilaints  reaelied 
Washington  of  liis  supposed  inac-tixity  and  iiideeision. 
lie  dared  not  silence  tlioe  conijilaints  by  rc\caling  what 
Avas  fully  known  only  to  himself  of  his  alarming  exposure, 
deficiencies  and  weakness,  lie  wrote  to  Jieed  that  the 
same  means  nsed  to  coneeal  liis  real  situation  I'rom  the 
enemy  eonci'aled  it  also  Irom  his  friends,  and  that  he  had 
been  obliged  to  a\;iil  himself  ol' art  to  hide  it  I'roiu  his  own 
olllcers.  lie  was  cheered,  near  the  close  of  the  year  ITTo, 
by  the  arrival,  Dec.  II,  of  Mrs.  Washington,  with  her  son, 
]Mr.  ('u>tis  and  wife,  whose  8o<'iet\-  ail'orded  him  moments 
of  solaci'.  In  tlu'  middle  of  January,  in  a  council  of 
otficers,  attended,  at  Washington's  re([nest,  by  John 
A(hmis,  ihe  (ieiieral  \cry  earnestly  urged  tlu'  im])ortaiice 
of  an  attack  on  the  enemy  before  the  arrival  (jf  reinforee- 
inents;  but  the  eouneii,  agreeing  in  the  desiraljility  of  the 
movement,  i)ronouneed  oni'  resources  {o  be  Avholly  iiiad- 
efpiate.  <  )n  the  twcnly-l'ourtli  oC  the  month,  Washington 
wrote  to  C'ongrt'ss,  "  Xo  man  upon  earth  wishes  more 
artU'iitly  to  destroy  the  nest  in  Boston  than  1  do.  Xo 
person  would  be  willing  to  go  greater  lengths  than  1  shall 
to  iK'com[»lish  it,  if  it  shall  be  thought  advisable;  Imt  if  wc 


KN'ACI.A'IIUX    Of    liO.STUX. 


t 


hiivc  iioillicr  [)OW(k'i'  to  bDiiibard  with,  nor  ice  to  pass  on, 
we  shall  bo  in  no  bctltT  situation  than  we  have  ])een  in  all 
the  year;  we  shall  be  worse,  because  their  Avorks  are 
strongei'." 

These  are  luil  snatches  and  fra;^'incnts  oiif  of  the  rehearsal 
of  those  inci(U'nts,  ami  that  period  which  nnu'ked  the  in- 
vestment of  I5()si()n.  The  signal  qualily  of  the  time  ami 
scene  was,  that  it  was  iju'  schuul  oi' training  and  disci|>line 
I'or  the  patriot  army,  and  emphatically  so  lor  its  com- 
mander. ITe  had  to  defer  to,  and  take  advice  i'vom.  a  l)odv 
A\hi<li  had  no  authority  to  rc(piire  or  v\nv[  tlu'  conditions 
needful  t(j  mi'et  the  wants  of  their  General.  I'ractically, 
there  was  connnitted  to  him,  individually,  during  the  year 
preceding  the  Declaration  of  Independence,  the  enormous 
task  of  bringing  the  loo>c  material  of  tlic  [)i'f)vincial  forces 
daily  Ihictuating  before  him,  on  a  contini'utal  cstablish- 
nient,  and  of  hokling  them  >ul)ject  to  terms  required  by  an 
authority  which  any  one  of  them  might  challenge  as 
merely  assumed.  It  was  for  him  to  dc\  isc  and  to  dis])ose 
all  tile  arrangi'uunts  and  details  necessary  to  eU'ecl  that 
pur[)ose.  It  w  IS  for  him  to  abate  and  reconcile  the 
partialities  and  jealousies  of  oflicers  and  men;  to  exact 
rigid  suliordination;  to  enforce  a  stiif  military  routine  and 
ol)scr\ance  in  the  camp  with  all  jumctilios  and  for- 
malities, and  a  stern  prohibition  of  the  familiaritv  and 
lesity  that  had  marked  the  ri'lations  ln'tween  thosi'  who 
were  to  give  and  tho.-c  who  were  to  obey  oi'ders.  It  A\as 
for  him  to  exercise  a  lyn\-e_\ed  watchfulness  against  siu-- 
prlses,  treacheries  and  disasti'rs;  to  be  constantly  [)lanning 
and  accom|ilisliing  new  defenci's  and  sad'r  means  for 
annoving    tlu'    t'uemv.     His    adsanced    works    were    now 


78 


CKNTKNNIAI.    AN  M\  I  KSAi;  V    <)l'    Till; 


ISO  C'loso  to  tliosi'  of  tlic  Urilisli,  lliiil  tlu'  I)rllij;\'iviUs  were 
Avilhlu  imiskrt-sliot  oi'i'iich  other.  The  naked  eye  or  S]iy- 
"■lass  eoiild  take  iKite  nl'  tlie  luovenienls  hi  either  eanii)  or 
yarrisdii.  For  a  Uh\<^  lime  the  imivineialr^  liad  liad  to  Ijisir 
a  rrecjueiit  eaniioiiadiiii;-  ('nan  tiie  I'lieiny,  witliout  Ijeing 
al)k'  to  return  it,  liarmk'ss  as  il  was.  Tlie  new  year  had 
hroiight  some  supplies,  wliieli,  witli  llieir  advanced  works, 
aUowed  the  ])rovineiaIs  to  retaliate. 

The  j;reat  h'sson  whicli  AVasliinnton  had  to  teacli  to 
each  individual,  ollicer  or  private,  in  liis  couunand.  was  to 
learn  to  ahale  his  own  personal  independence,  tiiat  lie 
might  secure  tlie  iiideiicndence  oi'  his  country,  'i'hcre, 
too,  lie  learned  how  to  deal  with  men,  with  IVieiid-  as  well 
as  with  enemies —  with  human  nature,  in  all  its  wdikings 
of  impulse  and  nintisc,  its  nolileuess  and  meanness.  And, 
as  hi>  oi'der-liook  gives  ahundant  and  iinpressivi'  i'\idenee, 
he  was  tlioiightrul  of  thost'  strengthening  or  enl'eehliug 
agencies  uhicli  act  upon  health  and  \irtuc.  He  counselled 
cleanliiiess.  high  and  pur<'  moi'ality.  and  the  dcNOUtness 
and  revHrcuce  ol'  religion  in  sentiment  and  ohser^ance. 
As  the  crisis  ol'  the  situation  was  near,  whili'  I'orhidding 
cards  in  the  camp,  he  advised  a  sei'ious  jirt'iiaration  ormind 
as  a  security  against  cowardice. 

( )ne  appreciati\e  word,  at  K'ast,  is  due  to  tlu'  letti'rs 
\\hich  AN'ashinglou  wi'<ite  at  this  time  to  ( 'ougress,  \\hih' 
URM'liug  all  the  sttrn  and  dismal  conditions  ol"  the  sei'vice 
to  which  they  had  called  him,  and  in  which  thcii'  power 
and  their  resources  could  do  so  little  cither  to  dii'ect  or  to 
aid  him.  Tt  is  a  small  thing  to  say  of  those  letters  that  they 
are  I'einarkahle  productions  for  oiu'  untrained  hy  literary 
culture.     Thev  are  ol'ten  strikinglv  I'elicitoiis  in  the  choice 


KVACIATION     0|-    liOSToV. 


Til 


of  words,  i'.iid  in  the  Inrm  (ifcxjU'cssidii.  ]»mI  bc\<jn(l  lliis, 
tlicir  loiu'  iiiul  ]Mii'|K)rl,  llicir  dirootiu'ss,  siiuplii-it y  and  dit;-- 
nily  ol'scnliinciit,  express  the  .scH'-ri'spcct  ol'tlic  writer,  and 
a  inarvoiiously  just  apprrliension  of  the  relation  in  Aviiicli  lie 
stood  (o  til"  body  wliicli  ho  addressed.  Ife,  at  least,  owed 
alk'gianee  to  Congress,  if  no  one  beside  him  did  in  the 
whole  eonntry.  The  agitations  and  excitements  Mhieli 
vexed  his  own  spirit  never  [)assed  into  those  letters. 
They  are  ]>assioiiless,  free  from  nnn'murs,  eumplaints.  ecn- 
soriousness  and  sharj)  invi'ctives.  ^'et  they  never  sacriliet' 
force  to  tameness.  They  deal  with  facts;  ai'c  concise;  with 
no  cloudiness  or  niystilication  of  uieaning;  with  no  insinua- 
tions oi' implications  beyond  the  assertion,  lie  could  be 
urgent  with  ( "ongress  without  being  impatit'Ut.  He  could 
make  suggestions  with  deference.  When,  on  rari'  occa- 
sions, he  oil'ered  advice,  or  e\'en  remonstrance,  he  did  uivt 
disguise  the  intent  in  the  form  of  it,  but  wrote  it  for  what 
it  was,  Irankly,  boldly  :  always  making  allowance  for  delays 
and  indecisions  int'ident  to  the  com])osition  and  limited 
power  of  Congress,  —  as  yet  only  an  advisory  body,  neither 
homogeneous  nor  harmonious,  Imt  feeling  its  way  in  an 
une\plore<l  course. 

And  so  liis  K'ttersto  individuals,  oilicial  or  private,  "when 
giving  instructions  or  iuformatiou,  vver(>  direct,  clear, 
positive,  cautions  —  as  liie  occasion  ri'([uired.  When  he 
had  to  mediate  belwt'cn  sensitive  jjarties,  or  to  complain, 
or  to  rebuke,  his  moderation  held  in  check  all  vcheiucuce 
oi'  tem|ier.  and  his  own  dignity  was  suggestive  of  llu' 
grace  of  it  to  others,  lli^  most  ajtpi'ovcd  Ibrm  of  censure 
vva>  that  which  made  an  oil'endei'  ap|iorlion  his  own  sen- 
tence.    .\11    the    while   burdeni'd  with   work    liir   his   \)vu. 


80 


f'KNTKNMAI,    AWIVKUSAIIV    <)l'     TlIK 


rro(|uciitIy  liifkin^-  a  conndcntial  sccrctiirv,  he  was  wntiiif? 
alinnst  daily  letters  ol'  iiisti'uctioii  and  (U'lail  to  llic  inaiia- 
gcr  (iCliis  land-estates.  A  refereiuu!  to  these  liomely  letters 
ol'  tliril't  and  hnsliandry  would  not  lie  in  place  here,  ex- 
cejit  as  they  I'eveal  a  ■winning'  trait  in  his  ehai'aetei'.  Ills 
eni|ihatie  dlreetion  is,  that  the  hospitalities  of  his  homo,  and 
espeeially  its  free  dispensings  ol"  benevolence  and  money 
to  the  needy,  shall  in  no  Avise  fail  or  sla<d<en.  One  other 
engrossing  anxiety  was  crowded  into  the  linrdens  of  the 
worn  and  worried  ehitd'  in  this  early  stage  of  a  stiaiggle, 
which  was  to  decide  whelher  the  haltei'  or  the  wreath 
wonld  1)0  the  emblem  of  his  fate,  ^\'hilo  watching  the 
beleaguered  foe  in  IJosfon,  he  had  to  keep  in  thought  a 
whole  continent,  with  its  coasts,  and  towns  anil  jieoplc, 
and  to  prejiare  to  meet  the  om-my  where  he  might  slrikt; 
next.  No  graser's  woi'k  on  a  map  was  e\('i'  more  shari)ly 
cut  than  that  which  was  wrought   in  his  miud. 

■iiii;  iN\i:sri;ii  iown,  soi,nii;i!s  anu  iNU,\r.riANi's. 
AN'liile  ei\ilians  in  local  and  continental  councils,  and 
soldiers  in  the  wide-stretched  eamj)  so  anxiously  watched 
over  by  AN'ashington,  were  thus  taking  care  i'nv  the  pat- 
riot cause,  the  invi'sted  town  of  JJoston,  alike  to  those 
outside  of  it  as  to  those  within  it.  Avas  the  object  of  paiu- 
ful  and  absorbing  interest.  Vroni  tlii'  (ieiicral  down  to 
the  humblest  menial  in  his  train,  there  was  not  a  man  that 
did  not  sooner  or  iatei'  realize  that  he  had  come  on  a  fool- 
ish and  bootless  errand.  'I'lii'  ex|)osuro  of  their  situation, 
and  the  constant  a])prt'lR'nsion  of  an  assault,  recpiired 
inieeasing  watchfulness,  and  the  construction  almost  week 
by  week  of  some   new   defenct's.       'I'heir   siillerings   from 


^'^ 


j;\  .\(  I    ATKIN     III'     ItdSTdN. 


SI 


a. 


lllc  |il'i'\  lllclicc  (iT  Inlll  discuses,  the  lunnluT  (if  llic  >iclc 
iiiid  Uduiidcd  iiimiii,!;'  lliciii.  iiiid  llic  >c;ircit\  (iT  IVoli  pni- 
visiiiii^.  \('H'('l;dil('S  ;iild  fuel.  lircMliic,  ill  (Ulc  ci'i-'^^.  xti'V 
sci'iiius  and  alarming.  ( i!ia>1  Iv  cH'tirts  \vcr('  made  ]i_\  llic 
(illiccr-^  diirinu'  the  wiiilcr  tn  aiiiii>c  tlicinsch cs  uitli 
dances,  theatricals,  and  a  nias(inei'ade.  'I'hi'  old  South 
Cinirch.  uhcn  up  to  a  i-idinj;'-scliuol,  iill'ofded  >ho\vs  oi" 
lioi->i'nianshi|i,  as  m'cu  in  I'otivc  s]icctatoi's  Ironi  its  ea>t- 
crn  u'allci'v.  lJur,L;'<iync  u'ol  m|i  a  |ilav  to  lie  acted  in 
Faneuil  llall.  which  w  :is.  ho\\c\  ci',  rudely  arroted  in  its 
]ierronnance  liy  the  I'alllinu' <il'  >hot  IVoni  the  neai'ol  |ii'o- 
vincial  liattei'N .  'i'hc  remnant  of  |iatri<itii'  inhaliilants  in 
the  town  wei'e  t:-i'ie\  oiisly  di>t I'es^cd.  Sonic  sonuht  in 
A  ain  the  iii-i\  ileu'e  oC  lea\  ini;' it.  <  )thci's.  \\  lio  re-.ol\cd  to 
stay  and  wait  the  cata>tro|ihe.  wvvv  >trictly  watched,  lot 
they  >h<inld  conmninieatc  with  llic  lioicu'crs.  The  lory 
I'leincnl  loo,  iiali\cs  and  I'd'nucc-^  IVoin  the  conntry, 
siiowed  the  cvcitcniciit*  <il'  an  intense  liiHcriK'>s  and  of  a 
eraxfii  li-e|iidation.  The  (iencral  sinninoned  tlieiii  to 
or^-ani/c  into  an  a»ociati<iii.  as  a  low  n-i;iiard.  armed  and 
rcceiviiiL;'  rations.  'I'hcs  lu'camc  a  >erioii>  linrdcn  to  him, 
as,  kiiowini:'  well  what  ti'cainicnl  they  would  reccisc  tVoni 
their  outraged  countrymen,  they  demandi'd  spci'lal  lU'lvi- 
le,HX's  duiiu.Li-  the  >ie,t;-e.  and  the  lirst  thonu'lit  and  I'avor  of 
llic  coinniander  at  the  1]\  acnalion.  ( ^aiii' was  called  honie 
in  ( (elolier,  cmliarkinu'  on  the  tenth,  liaxin;;'  rccci\cd  Hal- 
tering- addro^es  IVoin  the  loi'ies  on  hi>  dc|iai'ture.  lie 
reported  him^ciriu  London,  Xo\-.  11.  iJiu'uoyne  lollowed 
liiin  in  I  )eci'nilici'.  Ilowewas  left  in  connnand.  lU'forc 
(ia^c  went  away  he  had  allowed  more  of  the  iiihaliitanls 
to  leave  tlu  town,  thouyli  nnder  severer  restrictions.  In 
11 


82 


(  r.Ni'KNMAi,  A\MVi;i;sAi!V  t>v  ■riii; 


^'()\  fill"  ;■  Mini  I  )i'criiilirr  iii'iirlv  li\i'  lumdrcd  nicii.  wnini'ii 
iiiul  cliildrcu.  in  a  most  ]rni;il)I(' coiiditioii,  were  piil  ir^lKire 
ill  ( 'lielsea  Mild  I'oiiit  Sliirlev,  Mild  tile  ]ir()\  iiie'iMls  lliniiL;'lil 
the  de>iu'll  \VMs  \<>  >-|ireMd  the  >IIIm1I-1I(  i\  MIluiiiL;-  lllelii. 

itill  .ill  tlie  other  MIlIloyMlice>  Mild  illlliet ioiis  Ixiriie  hv 
the  lie.-ie,m'd  were  eiidiirahle  liv  [iroiid  Mini  seH'-re^iieetinu,- 
ISritish  soldiers,  in  coiniiMrison  with  the  liiiiuiliMtiou  and 
iiiortilieMtion  nf  their  po-itioii.  Those  whom  tlie\  had 
sneered  at  and  iiisiiltecl  as  a  rahlile  ol'  iiiiMrmed  coiintrN- 
nieii  Mild  eoWMrds  whom  the  smell  ol'  the  rt(l-eoMt>"  pow- 
der would  taiiR'  into  loyaltv,  were  eoo|iiiin-  them  ii|>  on 
two  small  peninsulas,  deiyin^ii'  llu^ir  vciiLieanee.  iMiintiiiL;' 
their  eonceil,  Miid.  with  scant  ehar^'es  of  powder,  return- 
in;.;'  tiieiii  their  own  lialN.  (ieiieral  (iaiz'e,  a>-iimin,i;'  that 
tile  lew  di^ahled  men  that  had  heeii  >ei/ed  in  the  iiMltle  at 
Ciiarleslown  were  in  no  >en>e  prisoners  of  wur.  luil  lelons 
'"destined  to  the  cord."  put  them  into  jail  in  l>o>loii.  with 
some  ol'  the  citizens  whom  lie  >iis|ieete(i,  and  umnc  them 
Jail  diet.  With  di^nilied  renioii-.t ranee  Wa-hiiiLitoii  wrot(' 
to  inm.  as  he  did  al'terwards  to  liowi',  that  we  had  some 
of  tlu'ir  friends,  as  yet  rorl)earin;j;ly  dealt  with,  on  wiioin 
retMliMlion  could  Miid  would  lie  visited. 

With  M  purpose  ol'  niMkiiiLi'  m  I'Mid  into  the  coiiiitr\, 
(Jmu'c  liMtl  written  I'or  heavy  reinl'orcciiienis,  with  ord- 
nance, wau'ons.  hojvses  and  supplies.  These  wi'i'e  so 
dehiyed.  so  ni.u'u-Mrdly  rurnisiied,  Mud  so  insullicienl.  that 
ollicers  and  men  lie^iiu  to  coiu|ilain  that  the  ministry  had 
lor^otten  llieui.  had  l)roiii;lil  them  into  peril  mikI  disL;raee, 
and  then  ahaiidoiied  them.  Yet.  as  these  sii|)plies.  from 
lime  to  time,  sailed  in  lietween  oiir  capes,  our  Mdr<iit 
sivipper:-  and  "loii,i;slioreineii.  intrepid  and  watchl'iil.  cxteiu- 


K\A<  lAllKN    ()|-    liovi'ON. 


83 


]ii>ri/,lii,n'    tlii'ir   sclKiniici'.'*   niitl    wliali'-hoals   into    |ii'i\ii(i' 

vessels  ol'  war  till  tlicy  |irii\i(le(l  lllein-el\cs  wllli  lieller 
ones,  as  pi'Izes.  Iie^aii  the  Kii-iiie--  wliieli  al'lerwanls 
|irn\cil  \asil\  fcwai'dini;'.  '\'\\v\  liiiiied  (i\er  a  lai'iie  |irn- 
|iiirli(>ii  III'  the  liiii'deii  iil'llie  t rail-port s,  nrdiiaiiee.  arm-, 
powiler.  and  all  -nil-  dj'  xaliiahies.  lo  llie  pniN  iucial-.  wlio 
needed  llieiii  ipiile  as  iniicli  as  did  the  IJrilisli.  'I'he  I'ro- 
viiieial  and  ( 'ciiitiiieiitai  ( '(iiiu'i'esses  had  IkiiIi  authorized 
the  iieees-arv  luea-iires  lor  iia\al  warfare  wit  h  \es-e|s  of 
inai'(|iie  and  repri-al.  I'lie  pint'-lree  tiaii'  and  a  code  of 
siu'iials  were  al  once  ailo|ited.  At  the  end  of  .\o\  {'iiilier, 
tile  stanch  ( 'oinnio(hire  Mauls  took  into  ('ape  ,\iui  the 
British  ordnance  lirit;'  "  Xaiicy,"  so  rich  in  her  eariio  for 
us  and  so  L:'riidL;c(l  liy  the  enemy,  that  \\  a-hin;^toii. 
appreheniliiiL:'  that  a  sturdy  ell'ort  ml^ht  he  made  lo 
reclaim  her,  sent  down  four  companies  to  protecl  her 
stores,  .\nionu'  these  were  2,(1(10  niiiskeis — oiir  ( ieneral 
liad  just  tli;il  numlier  of  men  without  any — KlO.ddO  Hints, 
.'JO.OOO  roiiiiil— hot.  more  than  thirty  ton-  of  miisl<et-s]iot, 
eleven  iiiortar-lici|s,  and  a  hiass  mortar  wei^-hin;;'  iieari\- 
;!.("M)  |iounds,  to  Avhich  "Old  Put,"  lielped  liy  a  holtle 
of  rum.  L;a\c  the  name  "  (,'unyress."  ^V  hold  movement  of 
(len.  'I'lionias,  in  Hoxhnry.  had  narrowi'd  the  enein\"s  lines 
on  the  Xeek. 

It  is  inar\('lloiis  to  realize  liow  comforlahK'  and  even 
la\i-li!y  the  slender  resoui'ces  of  our  own  |...\ini'e  for 
clothiuLi'.  I'lpiipplnu',  and  feodin*;"  li,i!.'htiiii;'  men  wt'rc  rein- 
I'oreed  from  iMi^ulisli  and  Trisli  armories,  magazines,  iloclcs, 
coal-pits,  and  wine  and  heer  \aults.  .\nd  all  this  wliile 
Hritish  ollicers  were  writiuL;'  home  hitler  complaints  (d' 
their  starved  rations  and  mean   food.     I'^roni  coi'respond- 


.S| 


(  KNI'KNM  \l,    .\N\I\  i;i;s.\|;v    (i|      IIIK 


ciKc  1111(1  (liiciiiiifiils  wliicli  lijivc  coinc  1()  lijilil  in  recent 
V(;ii<  we  Iciirn  lA'  tlie  e(imiiil>.  ndviee^,   iii>li'iieli(in--.   Jind 

linH-riil-IIHil     |i|;il|v,    |ii(.Ki||o-     to     llle    \nIlMll;il'\     W  il  lldrilW  111 

liv  llle  r>rlii-.|i  (ieiierjil  IVniii  liis  iiilii )-|iii .'ililc  i|ii;irlers. 
IJul  tlif  (jillicilllv  Wii^  nlpuill  llle  liiiiliL;-  il\\;iv,  llle  y-eltill.n- 
Dill.  . -111(1  (he  pIliiiL;-  oil'.  Ill'  could  iiol  divide  his  I'oree, 
and  lie  llild  llol  slijlicienl  >lii|i|iiliL;-  in  wjiieh  lo  reiiidVl! 
men  and  |iro|.erl\ .  When  ihi-  was  linall\  aeeoiii|ili>lied, 
as  we  sliali  -ee.  il  was  l,v  ihe  allowance  ol'  llic  |iro\  ineials, 
and  on  the  score  ol'  a  coii-idcraiion. 

^\  lien  all  lliesc  liiiinllialions  ol'  the  l)esier>-ed  arniv 
liccanie  know  n  in  Mnu'land.  cha-rin  and  ridicnle  divided 
aholll  e(|ii;illv  ihe  lolieorihe  collllllelll-.  lloWc"s  letters 
to  I-"r(l  I  )ailiii(iiilli  in  Xovcinlier  and  Deceinlicr  helrav 
I'eal  alanii.  He  would  leave  l>os|on  it'  he  had  loiina.i:'c' 
elloimli.  The  (|llestion^.  eiitici>llis  .-illd  een~lires  llllercd  in 
I'arliaiiient  were  liiller  and  laiinlinii-  Troiii  the  o|)|io>iiion, 
olistinale  and  deliani  from  the  ministry.  ( )n  Ndveinlier  I, 
liiirke  -aid  ol'the  army,  the  rehels  "coo|)  it  ii|i,  l)e-iet:c  il, 
de-troy  it.  erii-h  it.  Ymw  olllcers  are  swept  oil'  liv  their 
rille>.  if  they  show  tlicii'  noses."  ( 'o|.  liarre  said.  " 'I'liev 
hiirn  even  the  li;.;lil-lioiise  under  the  nose  of  the  tleet.  and 
carry  oil'  the  men  sent  to  repair  it."  With  the  liarh  oCliis 
k<'enesi  irony,  Horace  Walpole  wrote  lo  his  clerical  corre- 
spondent. .\iiu-nsi  7.  177."),  "Mrs.  Iiritannia  orders  her 
senate  lo  proclaim  .\nicrica  a  contiiiciil  ol"  cowards,  and 
vote  il  should  he  starvi'd  nnless  it  would  drink  lea  with 
her.  She  sends  her  only  army  to  lie  l)esieo(.||  ji,  ,„),,  ,,f 
her  towns.  , '111(1  hall' her  Heel  lo  hcsien'e  the  A /vv/  ///•///</.•  Imt 
order-  her  arm_\  to  do  iiothiiiLi'.  in  hopes  thai  the  .Vnierican 
.Seiiale  in  I'hiladelphia  will  lie   >.o  friuhteiied  al  the  llritish 


K\  A(   I    AIIUN     OK     |1()>|().V. 


S," 


•> 


linil\    hciiio.  hcHi'Uvd   ill    iJu-lnii.  tli;i|    ii    uill  >iic   |;,r  |m;icc." 
llf    wn.lc    t(.    ( '(.llWilv.     "  \Vc     li.nr    lliruuii.-i    |,rl,l,lr    ;il      ;| 

iii;i>liir,   and   arc    Mirp, ■!>(■(!    ii    v\a-   n<>l    rri-lit.iicd."     'I'hc 

MHiiistcrs   iv-dlvcd    I.,   Mild   cncr |.   iviiiCHvciiirii;-,   and 

silp|ili(-.  and  al  micIi  mi-luv  c.^i  ihat  ih,.  |Hn|,|,.  ,,r 
Britain  have  ii.ii  \,.|  liiii>||,.d  paviii,--  Inr  tluin.  ■riicrc 
uciv  .-..(((HI  ,,N,.|,.  I  I.OUK  ,|„.,.|,.  ,.|c.,  uiih  lias  and  \iiii-i,r, 
•  oats.  Iicaiis.  llniir,  |„.,.|-.  ,.,.al.  and  even  {'a'^.iI-..  IvMnr- 
U<<\v.,\v  I'lvi-liis  d.'la,\.  and  di>a>tfr^  impeded  llie  tran^- 
l""'''"i"i'-  ■•"'•I  111''  "<-<;iii  lra(d<^  >\u>\\v,\  iiians  ul'  tji,.  dead 
•iiiiniaU  llualin-'.     I  low  ,.\  er.  our  |  1 1\  aleers  had  a  I'air -liaiv 

ill   the   ^jJdil. 

'l'-iu.ii(i-  Ihe  end  III'  liie  siege  a  lla--,  with  driiin  and 
li-|ini|Hl.  Weill  cvcrv  'l"iies(hi_v  to  the  l.N.xJMirv  iiiK-.  to 
""'"I'''  <ri'"i'liiiiilies  I'or  such  interecMir>e.  eonver-aliuli 
with  Irieiid-.  or  the  exehan-c  of  K^tteis.  or  [\<\-  the  en- 
trance or  exit  ol'  iiidivi.hials  as  was  alhiwcd  on  -pceial 
(iivor,  or  tor  a  iiioncv  consi(h>ration.  In  old  lainiKcal)- 
iiK'l-  and  aiiti(|iiariaii   re|iositoric>  there  arc  extant,  in  rich 

"' I'""'"'  ••I'l'l  variety,  some  tinie-staiiied   |Ki|ier>,  relatiii-;- 

.•di  sorts  of  private  and  pnlihe  inciihnis  whieli  transpired 
ill  Itosinii  dnrin-  those  dreadful  months.  M,,.t  ,,f  tlie 
letters  tliat  passed  1)_\  the  lla-  are.  of  eonise.  u  ritleii  as 
IVom  the  depths  of  wretehedness.aild  reproduce  their  ago- 

Illi'S  III  the  reader  of  them.      S e  of  tile  papers,  however, 

have  a  stran,-v  levit,\  and  j<.llit_\.  We  have  a  few  diaries 
and  scraps  from  the  pens  of  resolute  or  timid  patriots,  inen 
.■in<i  women,  who.  hv  compulsion  or  free-will,  staved  hv  the 
dear  old  home,  throutili  all  its  woes.  The  letters  that  "-ot 
•lilt  of  it  hv  stealth  or  allowance  unite  the  sundered  heart- 
stnii-s  of  the  in.nihcrs  of  separated  families,  or  r.'port  the 


8(; 


CKNTI.NMAI.     ANMVKKSAKV    OF     TIIK 


sliilc  (if  niiiiiants  of  \viislini:-  in'ojici'lv.  We  rcail  \hi' 
liouscliold  nidcai'iiu'iits  in  pet  ciiithcts  and  the  lircatliintis 
fjl'liiclv:  liic  aiinniiiii-cniciit  that  tliis  one  has  died,  and 
the  i[iir>lii>ii  if  that  one  is  nlisc;  tlic  Immclv  '.■cjiiii't  ol'  tile 
slate  III'  ilic  wai'di'iihc  dl'  man,  vminan  or  child;  ianicnta- 
tidiis  (>\cr  tlic  cniiity  panl  ry.  tlu'  cnKl  heartlis.  or  llii'  cost; 
<d' the  poorest  iiiod.  'I'liere  is  a  cons)  i-iined  rcliccnct' aliout 
certain  mattei'-  in  tiiese  letters,  wliiiii  i-  itself  richly  suj;- 
gcstivc.  I)Ut  there  is  ihe  >terne-t  reality  in  llieni  all,  of 
coiisninin^-  anxiety,  the  di-eai'y  detail  of  sleeplessness, 
ji'rief,  inisolaeed  lo\e,  appi'ehension^  and  alarms  of  all  pos- 
sible miseries  not  yet  actnal,  and  snnnnaries  of  the  woi'k 
of  po\erty,  pcsiileiicc.  and  militai-y  rnle.  One  of  the  in- 
lial)itanls,  holdinji'  lar,m'  jiroperly,  for  thi'  ]iro!eciion  ol' 
which  he  had  remained  in  town,  in  \\ritinL;-  to  a  fri'/nd  in 
I'hiladelphia  ahonl  the  scarcity  of  food  and  i'nel,  ^-rimly 
Jidds.  that  it  is  almost  iinpos>ilile  for  ihe  hereaved  to 
procure  hoarils  i'oi'  the  "  nmleruronnd  tenements  ol'  their 
dcpai'tcd  friends." 

The  IJi'itish  connnander,  liesides  usin^-  one  of  the  meet- 
iii.^-honst's  lor  a  lidinji-scliool,  one  for  a  sialile,  and  two 
for  the  stora,i;c  ul'  pr<i\('nder,  and  renio\'ng  the  stt'cple  of 
Jinothei-  on  the  cliaryi!  that  it  had  heiii  nsed  for  sij;'nidhn.!i', 
lind   ordered   the  dcstrnction  of  t he  Old    N'ortli  ^Fcctinn- 

liou>t a   solid   tind)er  strnclnrc,  hardened   hy  a   centnry 

—  and  of  a  hinidi'cd  wooden  dwcllinji's,  foi'  fuel.  The 
soldiers  had  made  away  with  tlu'  silN  of  wharves,  with 
I'enccs,  orchards  and  tri'cs,  inclndin.L;',  as  a  s|)ecial  spiii', 
till'  Liberty  'Tree.  'I'he  ollicers  had  taken  possession  of 
ihe  i)cst  private  houses  of  the  town,  and  their  considci'a- 
tion    as    gentlemen    prcservt'd   siich    buildinys   and    their 


t 


KVACIATION'    (II'  r.OSTdV. 


87 


cmilciifs  IVnni  \i(ilciicc  and  pilliigc.  On  tlic  M]i|ii'(iacli  of 
winter  nianv  of  llic  troops  had  licvn  slicliiicd  in  (k'sorted 
dwciliiiiis  and  warclinuscs,  -wiiicli  liad  been  ciniiticd  of 
the  t'H'ccIs  lH'lonj;-in;i'  lo  absent  citizens.  'I'he  rui'nitui'c 
and  i;(iod-^  were  nio-tlv  lost  »  llie  o\vner>.  'I'he  C'oniinon 
A\as  bni'i'owed  over  with  pits  b_s  tiie  soldiers,  sviiile  sinall- 
])o.\,  dysentery,  seurvy,  and  other  ailments  indnei'd  a  laiL;e 
iHoi'talily  among  them.  'I'he  dead  wei'e  buried  in  Ifenehes 
at  the  fool  of  the  Conunon.  which  thus  gaw  a  new  place 
to  the  town  Ibr  inlefnients.  ].etters  IVoin  ollieei-s  and 
>ol(iiers,  written  to  IViends  in  l-^ngland.  are  eriuallv  .sug- 
gestive in  tile  conununications  made  by  ihem  during  the 
discomfoi'ts  o|'  ilu'ir  inglorious  garrison  life. 

Fl  is  fairly  supposable,  undei'  condition-  that  may  be 
I'eadily  delincd.  tliat  tlu'  siege  of  I)osti)n  might  base  been 
coudiu'ted  to  a  I'esull  secui'ing  the  capit idat i<in  of  iju- 
whole  J>i-iti>h  I'orce  of  men  and  >liip>.  They  might  iiave 
been  cut  oil'  from  supplies  through  the  only  channel  open 
to  tluin,  il'  the  liarbor  could  have  been  closed  by  a  few 
sunUen  obstructions,  and  batteries  well  sciaciI  could  lia\'c 
l)eeu  planted  on  o|iposite  points  and  headlands.  Plans, 
indeed,  were  pinposcd  for  seizing  and  destroying  the 
Castle,  and  seeming  thai  result.  Mi-.  (^)uiney.  of  l>rain- 
trco,  and  olluas  jiressed  unon  Washington  their  >elicmi's 
for  clVecting  it.  The  provincials  Jiad  done  many  daiing 
feats  on  the  islands  and  harbor  p,  'uontorics.  which  the\' 
had  stripped  and  desnlatc(l  uii  '  r  the  guns  of  the  war- 
vessels.  They  Minid  lia\ c  do;;e  i  heir  pai'l  in  slnittiug  up 
the  harbor;  but  Washington  had  not  the  heavy  oi'dnancc 
and  powder  which  the  enterprise  demanded,  nor  could  he 
weaken  his  forci'  and  batteries  on  the  main.     l'\a.sibU'  as 


ss 


(  i:\ii:nmai.  anmvkksakv  or   I'liic 


till-  luuk'rtiiking  seeiiu'd,  llic  iiicnns  and  ri'SDurces  wore 
liic-lviiii:'.  Xoi-  would  llic  capitulation  of  tlial  IJritisli 
ai-ni_v,  >]niL  in  and  stai'Vfd.  asionndini;'  a-  ijic  rc|ioi't  oC  it 
would  liaM'  lu'.'n,  li.'nc  had  a  (Icci.^ivf  inllucncc  on  tlu' 
htriigyic.  When,  more  than  a  y;w  and  a  hall' aiicrwards, 
I}iii\i;-ovne  siuTendiM't^d  an  ai'un-  orii;inallv  nearly  as  lar«>'o 
as  that  in  J>oslon,  and  our  I'oreii;!!  alliances  were  liv  tliat 
event  secured,  liriiain  resolved  to  try  .-till  once  more. 

Yet  dtn'ing  the  latter  part  of  the  sieo-e,  wiiile  Congi'ess 
was  still  leni]ioia/.inu-.  it  seems  \o  have  heeii  tliouj;lit  that 
tlie  whole  struggle,  >o  liir  as  open  warl'ai'e  was  concerned, 
might  be  concentrated  and  terminatt^d  here.  'I'lie  ord- 
nance hi'ought  In-  Knox,  with  such  immense  toil,  over 
i'lozen  lakes  and  lln-ough  lijrests,  lidui  Ticonderoga  and 
Ci'owii  Toiul,  with  shells  li'oni  the  king's  stores  in  Xew 
York,  and  othei- spdils  IVoni  the  jirizes.  had  givei\  actual 
strength  and  insjiiration  of  high  courage  and  hopeniliiess 
to  llie  jirovincials.  The\  I'elt  sure  that  they  had  the 
enemy  where  they  cotdd  ki-ep  him,  iiidess  he  cho.-e  to 
tloal  away. 

'The  l>rili>h  (ieneral  wrote  to  Lord  Dartmoulii  thai 
J>o-ton  was  "the  most  disadvantageous  |ilace  I'oi-  all 
>  lations;"  and  Washington  wrote  to  Congress  that 
''the  siegi' was  as  close  a  one  as  any  on  I'arlli  can  be.'' 
That  w.as  another  ol'  the  I'ew  points  in  which  bolh  parties 
were  in  accoi'd.  Admii'al  Scluddam  came  into  the  iiarbor 
on  Xew  Year's  day  to  taki'  the  place  ol'  (iraves,  there 
liaving  licen  altercations  betw-een  the  l.aller  and  the  (ien- 
eral, arising  Ji'dm  com|>laiiits,  al  the  lack  of  su|)port  and 
supplies,  •which  the  army  had  raised  against  the  lleet. 
Sdiuldam  broughl    with   him  c()i)ies  of  the   king's   "gra- 


]:\'ACl'ATI<J\    OF    HOSTOV. 


89 


cious  s])C'ocli,"  full  of  ohstinato  resolution.  A  mns-;  of 
these  pi'ecious  doeuinents  were  sent  out  to  lie  dispersed 
fiu'ou;^!!  tiie  patriot  army,  where  tlun*  were  received  wllli 
(•oiiteui])t  and  riilieuio.  AVasiiington  wrote  to  fJosej)]) 
Jieed  that  l)i'l'ofe  tlie  papers  eanie  lie  "liad  lioisted  the 
Union  Hag,  in  eoni])linient  to  tlie  I'niled  Colonies,"  and 
its  ai)pearanee  was  I'ashly  interpreted  in  l>oston  as  a 
token  ol' submission  and  delight  at  the  al'oresiiid  "gracinus 
speeeh."  The  ilag,  as  you  see  it  among  the  decollations 
ol"  this  hall,  showed,  witlmnt  as  yet  any  s|)angTmg  of 
stars,  thirteen  strijies  of  red  on  a  white  Held,  with  the 
united  red  and  white  crosses  of  St.  (ieorge  and  St. 
Andrew  on  a  blue  ground  in  the  corner. 

I'he  long-drawn  issue  l)etween  the  boiegers  and  the 
besieged  was  to  have  its  close  in  a  compromise,  as  con- 
cerned the  belligerents,  yet  in  a  iriumph,  the  joy  and 
satisfaction  of  which  human  language  would  be  weak  to 
express,  for  the  lainilies  <  .Piston.  It  has  often  been 
regarded  as  among  the  faluiti  s  which  chafacterizt'd  so 
niueh  of  the  conduct  of  the  war  hen  by  the  British 
ministry  and  army,  —  alike  in  its  ellbn^  an  1  in  its  ovei- 
sight.s,  —  that  its  connnandcrs  had  not  learned  to  im|>ro\f, 
on  the  heights  f)n  the  south  side  of  Boston,  the  le-^-on 
taught  them  by  those  on  the  north  si(li\  Why  had  hey 
not  possessed  themselves  of  the  elevations  neare-i  lieiii 
in  Doi'chestery  But  the  ([iicry  admits  of  two  answer^,  as 
the  I'easons  for  action  or  neglect  were  balanced.  The 
British  seem  to  have  given  over  an  altempt  to  rush  '■•  ■ 
into  the  eoiinti'y  in  any  direction.  a<,  if  they  got  (pin,  ii 
woukl  only  be  to  hold  one  hill  against  a  hundretl  others. 


90 


(.KNTKNMAL    AN>«  IVKltf^.MlY    OF    TllIO 


l|[|-:    llKKIlll'S    (jK    )>(U;rlIF.srKK. 

A  wrck  Mi'lcr  Wiisliiiiiiton  lodk  (•oiuiiKind.  a  ("I'lmcil 
of  Vt'iw  iiiul  (Icfidcd  not  to  alti'iiiiil  to  <;-rt  possession  ol" 
these  lu'i.u'lits.  nor  to  (ipposc  tlic  eiu'iny  il'  tlicy  slioiild 
oc'Cui)\'  tlu'iii.  IJiit,  tlio  c-oininaudei-  had  IVoiii  the  iiist 
Ivcpt  Ills  eye  and  tliought  upon  them  as  cnleriiij;- largely 
into  the  decision  of  tlie  result.  ITe  liad  resolved,  too, 
that  a  I'esdlute  elVort  shoidd  he  made  in  one  directinn  or 
another  to  drive  oil'  the  t'uemy  hel'ore  the  expeeled  rein- 
loi'eements,  known  to  \n'  on  the  ocean,  should  arrive. 
IIi.s  mea.siu'cs  may  or  may  not  have  been  quickened  by 
riunors  of  the  design  of  a  movement  on  tlu'  part  of  the 
enemy. 

It  is  to  lie  rememhered  that,  though  all  ihrougli  the 
^iege  the  comliatants  were  supposed  to  obtain  a  general, 
and  even  minute,  knowledge  of  each  other's  condition, 
situation  and  ])lans,  through  such  adventurous  persons  as 
could  evade  the  guai'ds,  or  such  as  were  allowed  to  leave 
or  enter  the  town,  all  such  inl'ormalion  was  to  be  reccivi'd 
with  huge  alhiwauces  for  exaggeration  or  deception.  On 
Feliruary  V.i  about  ."iOD  nu>n  under  Colonel  Leslie,  with 
grenadiers  and  light  infantry  under  Colonel  ^Nlusgrave, 
had  crossed  to  Dorchester  Xeck.  destroyed  some  scattered 
Iniildings  there,  and  taken  prisuners  I  he  guard  of  six, 
"•etliii"'  awa\'  before  thev  (  "uld  be  iuterfeied  with.  'I'hei'c 
■were  three  elevati(ms  in  that  |(art  of  1  )oridiest<'i'  miw 
kiKJwn  as  .*south  Uoston  which  were  invobcd  in  the 
plans  of  Washington,  '^riie  old  works  njion  them,  ri'- 
newed  in  the  war  of  ISIli,  have  disappeared,  and  the 
original    I'ealures    ol'  the    site    havi'    been  almost    wholly 


\ 


KVACTATlnX    OK    JiOSlOV. 


91 


I 


nl)literat('(l  l)_v  tin;  liaiul  oC  iiuprovcinont.  Crossing  frmii 
Itoxhurv  on  tlic  eilgi.'  of  the  tidc-walcr  marslics  l)y  Dor- 
clieslcr  Xuck,  two  siinunils,  noar  llir  pri'scnt  rcsiTvoir  and 
tlu'  IJlind  .\syluni.  oUVrcd  sites  whicJi  conunandcd  a  ])arl 
of  Hostoii  and  ol'  the  liarl)or.  IJelow  tlicsc.  and  ciosci'  to 
tlic  watci'.  ncari'st  to  Pxiston  at  l{o\l)ni'S'  Xcclc.  was 
anotlu'i'  clt'vation.  tlicn  called  Xook's  Hill,  IIr'  site,  al 
])r('sont,  of  the  Lawrence  School-lionse.  The  plans 
and  pi'e|iai'atinn'-  of  Washington  lor  ])ossessing  these 
heights  were  s:i  deliberate  and  thorongh.  so  carcrully 
studied  in  the  niinntot  detail,  so  conditioned  iii)on  idter- 
iiative  and  eo-opei'ating  inovi'nients  of  his  own,  and  upon 
the  action  of  the  enemy,  as  to  ])i'ovo  with  what  ]iationt 
and  brooding  >tudy  he  had  wrought  them  out.  '^Iliere 
was  in  them  no  instigalii)U  of  a  siu'pi'ise,  no  occasions  of 
hurry  and  afterlliought.  no  hudc  of  any  provision  m^i'dlid 
for  sncce».  Chei'rl'nlly,  heartily,  and  without  any  with- 
holding of  niedful  aid.  were  his  plans  and  theii'  details 
ad\anced  by  all  on  whom  he  ri'lied.  ^lany  elemental 
inlluenccs  wliit'h  were  ballling  to  the  enemy  favoi'ed  ITun. 
Ili>  chief  dilliculty  lay  in  the  fact  that  the  ground  on  the 
heights  was  fro/eii  to  the  (h-pth  of  eightei'i,  inches,  and 
the  next  was  the  i-xposure  of  Dorchester  Neck,  over 
Avhich  his  nun  aiul  means  nuist  pass.  The  utmost  dili- 
gence had  been  pre\  iou>ly  u^ed  by  Colonel  ]\rilHiu  and 
othei-s  to  ]iro\ide  these  means  —  three  oi'  foui'  hnndi'cd 
o.\-teams  and  carts,  large  ipiantitii's  of  i'a>eines,  chan- 
deliers, bundles  of  seri'Wed  bay  to  pi'otect  tiie  .Neck  ;ind 
to  aid  in  the  eonstrncti<jn  of  the  di'fences.  with  bari'els 
fa^ened  together  and  filled  with  stones,  sand  and  gravel, 
for  roHinii'  down  from  the  declivities  to  bri'ak  the  ranks  of 


02 


cioNTK\M.\r.  an:n'ivei;sai!y  of  tuk 


tlic  assailanls.  On  tlic  oveiiiiig-  of  Monday,  Mnrcli  4,  a 
covoritij^-  and  a  working-  ])ai't_v,  making  2,000  men,  nndtT 
Cicneral  'J'liomas,  startcMl  on  tlic  cntcrpi'isc,  as  qnicllj  as 
possibk',  lliL'  dircclion  of  tlic  wind  also  favoring  the 
socTocy  of  their  motions.  It  was  also  a  ])art  ol'  the  jilan 
to  engage  the  attention  of  the  enemy  liv  a  vigorous 
eannonade  on  the  other  side  of  j}oston.  By  ti'n  o'eloek 
at  night  the  men  had  raised  a  foi't,  proof  against  small 
arms  and  grajjc-shol,  on  eaeh  of  the  two  farthest  I'leva- 
tions,  menacing  rcs|)eetivcly  the  town,  and  the  Castle  and 
vessels. 

It  was  a  mild,  clear  night  for  the  season;  warm  work 
neutralized  the  chill  air.  A  lull  moon  overhead  was  ac- 
companied by  a  haze  settling  over  the  town  and  lowlands, 
and  veiling  the  entei'prise  from  the  senti'ies  of  the  enemy. 
A  relief  parly  came  on  at  three  o'clock  in  the  morning,  of 
Tuesday.  Xot  till  some  time  after  dayl)reak  were  the 
Avorks  disclosed  to  the  !5ritish,  and  when  (ien.  ITowc 
gazed  at  the  spectacle,  he  is  said  to  hav(>  declared,  in  his 
amazement,  that  the  rel)els  had  done  more  in  a  nighl  than 
his  whole  army  would  have  accomi)lishcd  in  months.  He 
was  at  once  warned  hy  the  Admii'al  that  the  com[)letion  of 
the  foi'ts  would  i'e(jnire  him  to  withdraw  his  vessels  from 
the  inner  harlior.  Of  course  the  rebels  nuist  lie  dislodged, 
or  he  nmst  evacuate  the  town.  'I'lic  day  was  the  now 
historic  ilftli  of  ^March.and  as  it  was  expected  that  it  would 
repeat  some  of  the  scenes  acted  on  Bunker's  Hill,  the 
word  i)asse(l  from  Washington  as  a  rallying  cry,  bidding- 
the  provincials  renieinber  the  day  ol"  the  "  Itloody  massacre." 
I'eter  'riiatcher  duly  delivered  the  oration  at  Watertown. 
Evei-y  movement  of  the  enemy  Avas  rigidly  watched,  and 


^ 


KVAf  lATlOV    OV    r.OSTOV. 


!»:; 


^^ 


tlu'  system  ol'  >iuii,il!iiij:'  ;iri'aii,i;c(l  l)_v  \\';isliinL;-liiii  coiii- 
iiiiiiiicMtfd  iiirunnaliiiii  anil  (lircrti()U>  iln-nimii  ]u<  wImAv 
lines.  Ilis  arrau^'ciaeiit  was  ilial  il'  ellou_^■ll  uCtlie  I>rili>li 
left  Doslon  to  stdriii  the  lU'W  worlds,  as  would  warrant  the 
veiiliire,  I.O(K)  men  would  emhark  at  tln'  mouth  ol'  the 
Chai'k's,  in  two  divisions,  undei'  Sulli\au  ami  (ireene,  tlu' 
■whole  connnaiuled  b}'  I'nlnam.  Sulli\  an"s  division  was  to 
liave  landed  at  the  ]'owder-honse,  to  take  lU'aeon  Hill,  and 
^II.  Ilorain;  while  (ireene's,  landing  near  IJarlon's  Point, 
should  take  that,  and  then  joining'  tlu'  other <li\i>ion  >hoidd 
liiree  the  enemy's  line  inside  at  tlu'  Xeid^.  and  let  in  a 
(U'laehnieiit  IVom  IJoxlmi'y.  .V  slrouL;-  fleet  ol'  lloatinj;" 
batteries  was  to  have  preceded  the  other  boats.  Washing- 
ton seems  to  have  been  disapiiointi'd  that  the  thwarting- 
course  adojiled  1)}  the  enemy  had  not  brought  his  scheme 
t<i  the  trial. 

(ieii.  llowe,  alter  a  council  of  war.  decided  to  make  an 
immediate  attempt  to  dislodge  the  provincials.  Tlu'  ex- 
citement ;ind  stir  in  the  town  wei'c  jilaiidy  visible  {o 
those  who  were  >o  inti'i'csted  in  walcliing  eveiy  movement. 
The  lestiuKUiy  of  trustworthy  observers  then  in  the  town, 
as  afterwards  given  to  their  friends,  was,  that  il  was  \vilh 
sunken  spirits,  without  alacrity  or  t'lithusiasm,  and  with 
the  memory  of  the  slaughter  on  the  heights  of  Charles- 
lown,  thai  the  red-coats,  in  ibi'ce  amounting  to  2,100, 
under  I.ord  I'erey,  marcheil  to  the  wharves  to  take  boats 
for  embarking  <m  tlu'  transports.  The  provincials  eagerlv 
awaited  the  movement,  supposing  the  enemv  would  svvi'cp 
lip  behind  the  heights  and  at  onci'  commeiiee  the  assault. 
This,  however,  was  not  the  design.  'I'lie  enemy  di'op|)ed 
down   to   the  CastU',  intending  to  make   the   assault  on 


94 


CKNTFAMAI,    AXXIVF.ltSAllV    OF    TIIF, 


■\\'((liics(l;iy.  Ilu'  (Itli.  Tlic  rrcshciiin.u-  of  tln'  \viiul  drove 
tlircc  dl'llii'  tr;ins|)(irls  on  >liorc  on  (Jovcnior's  Island,  iuid 
a  violent  teni|ii'>t,  witli  rain,  l)ejiinnin,i;-  at  ni,i;iit  and  con- 
tinnin,iithroui;li  the  next  day,  I'rnstrated  tlie  [)nrii()se.  In  llie 
lui'anwiiiie  the  pi'ovineials.  in  si>ite  of  llie  storm,  eontinned 
to  streniitlien  tlieii'  works,  so  as  to  assui'c  llie  enemy  of  tiie 
liopeiosness  ol'  attemittini;-  to  carry  them.  'I'iie  militia  ol' 
tile  neii;'li!)oi'in,L;'  towns,  called  out  I'or  a  lew  days  lo  en>ui'e 
the  onter])rise,  iierlormed  all  the  iieedl'nl  incidental  work. 
ITowe,  after  anollier  eonncil  ol'war,  on  the  (Jlh,  decided  to 
evacuate  the  loun:  at  the  same  time  he  received  desiiatches 
a})|irovinL;- of  his  own  sn,ii-,t;estion  that  he  should  remain  till 
he  was  reiid'orced.  Congress,  in  1  )ecemlii'i',  had  .given 
Washington  authority  lo  destroy  IJoston  il'the  enemy  conld 
in  no  other  way  he  dislodge<h  'l"he  rresideut.  Hancock, 
in  transmitting  this  vote,  gave  his  o\\  n  a]iproval,  though  he 
would  he  a  eliiel'  >uirerer  in  lo>s  of  property. 


'I'UF.  i;v  \(  r A  rioN. 
IWit  the  patriots  wi'i'c  not  compelled  to  desolate  their 
own  ca])ital,  neither  did  the  enemy  within  it  wish  that  its 
hond)ardment  should  include  themselves.  Washington 
would  not  harm  the  town  if  tlu'  enemy  would  leave  it,  hut 
he  did  not  mean  that  they  should  get  out  of  it  and  then 
l.ui'u  it  hehind  them.  He  was  still  i)lying  the  enemy  with 
vigorous  hlows,  and  his  elaltorati'  pliius  were  so  matured 
and  threatening  that  the  Ih'ilish  forces  would  have  suf- 
fered some  extreme  di-a~ler,  hiul  not  a  compromise  l)een 
availed  of,  which  was  acceiitalile  to  hoth  ])arties,  though 
dci'plv  mortifying  to  the  enemy.  Through  the  aid  of  the 
.selectmen  of  lU)ston  in  conference  with  llritish  ollieers,  an 


I 


KVAci'A  riov   <>i'  r.osroN. 


!).". 


implied   ciivciiiiiil — liioiiu'li   willidiit   sin'iialurc  i>r  seal   to 
ratilV  it  —  was  clVi'dc;!  at  tiic    Ifnxliiirv  iiiics,  hv  tiic  lacil 
as>iMit — mijil('(lt;i(l.    howrvcr,   ol'   \\  asliiiiuloii  —  thai    il' 
tiic    l>rilisli    could    Im;    allowed,    iiimi(ile>-ted.   a   I'casoiialilc 
time    li)!'    paekiiii;-    and    cniliarkiiii:',  llirV   would    lca\('    the 
town   iinlianiicd.     'I'lic  iidoiiiial  |»lcd,nc  was  acec|)lcd,  and 
^Mll>tantially  coinplii'd  with.     'I'iic   provincials  mii^lit    rea- 
sonably  have   renioustralcd   and   demanded   renmncratiou 
lor  the  enormons  amminl  ol'  phinder  of  I'vcry  kind,  i'urni- 
lni-e    and     .n'oods    taken     IVoin    tin;     houses    and    stoi'es, 
which    wi'rc    liroken    into    and    pilla.^x-il    by   some  ol'  ihe 
troops  and   sailoi's  and    the    meanest    class  ol'  the    torie.s. 
These  onlraj;es  continued  for  a  we(d<,  in  si)iic  ol'lhe  proc- 
lamations oC  the  (u'ueral   ihri'atenini;-  instant  death  upon 
anv  one  di'ieclcd  in  plundering;'  or  lirin,--  a  liuildin.i;-.      l>nt 
on  the  last  (lavs  ol'  hi>  stay  he  liimscH' oi-dercd  all  woollen 
and  linen  ^oods  to  be  seized  I'or  the  use  of  hi-  ai'uiy.    'i'he 
packing  up  was  a  hurried  and  critical  operation,  as,  on  tlu' 
last  day  ol'lhe  sieue,  Wa;^hing'lon  had  .-uccccdcd  in  planl- 
in<>'  elVcctive  works  on  Nook's  Hill,  the  nearest  ek'vatiou  to 
liostou.  I'roni  which  he  could  rake  ISoslon  Neck  inside  and 
distress  the   enemy    and    their   shii)ping.      It    was    at    this 
moment  that  the  Hritisli  (icneral  was  made  to  reaiizt'  what 
an  inenmbrance  and  luiisance  he  had  to  dispose  of  in  the 
tories,  who  now  luuig  so  despairingly  on  hi.s  hands.     Al- 
most demcnti'd  with   dismay  and  I'right.  they  implored  to 
be  put  into  the  vi'ssels  lir>l,  with  all  'heir  household  goods 
and  properly.     Wasiiingtoii  wrote  lo  his  brother  .Vugus- 
tine.   that    some  of  these    had    ct)id'essed    that,    "  11'  they 
thonghl  the  most  abjc'ct  submission  would   have  procured 
them  peace,  they  never  would  have  stirred  I'rom  the  town. 


90 


CliNTKNMAL    A.NMN'KltSAUV    HF    ■|'11K 


Hv  all  Mccouiits  tliiTe  iU'ViT  (•.\i>ti'(l  a  niorc  mlscrahlo 
>ct  oT  lKiii,i;-.s  tliau  llu'su  ■wrclclicd  crcatm'cs  arc.  'I'licy 
cliDosc  to  ((iiiiinit  tlR'insclvi'S  U>  llu'  inri'cy  of  llic  waves, 
al  a  l('iii|icstii(iiis  season,  ratlirr  tliaii  iiurl  llu'ir  nll'cndcd 
comilryincn." 

Bill    several  ol"  tile  shrewdest  of   tliese    lories   liad,  hy 
iiioiiev  or  i'avor,  iMaua,n-ed  to  secure  a  passa.^c  to  I'ji^laiid, 
or  liie  West   Indies,  lielore  llic  calastro|>iu'  canic.     'I'iien 
there  were  lar-e  minihci's  of  the  .-iek  and  id'  women   and 
children    to   be    jirovided   for.     The   kind's   property   alxi, 
with    all    the    accuinnlations    of    military    Mipplie^,   camp 
e(iuil)a<;e    and    >lores,   was,   as    far   as   po>sil)le,  lo   he    re- 
moved, or.  at  least,  destroyed.     Tiie  shi|.piiiii-  was  wholly 
in>nllicient,  out    ol"  trim,  w  ilhont    I'ood   and  water,  and  the 
:\Iarcli  -aU's  were  thrcatenin.i;-.     'The  wliarvo  witne>-ed  a 
hni'ricd    conlii-ion.    as   hoats    with    their  hnman    or    other 
IVciLLhl     were    pa»in--    to     the    ve»els    in     the     channel. 
Masses     <d'    v:ilnal)les    were    destroyed,    broken,    bnrued, 
thrown    overbi>ard.   whilr    many  nn>erviceable   erait    were 
.scuttled.      The  Castle   must  lie  dismantled,  but  tlieharboi- 
must  be  -uai-ded  to  waiai  olV  the  transports  and  reinlbrce- 
meuts    which    were    on  their  way   lo   the   town.     Still  the 
enemy    wciv  comiielled    to    leave   behind    them    oi'dnanee, 
goods,  and    mi-eellaneoiis   propi'rty.  which   were   ol'  -;roat 
value,   and   which    were   put    to   excellent    service    by    ihe 
provincials,     (ieii.   (ia-e's  chariol.  tipped  oil'  ol'  a    whai'l', 
was    not    especiidly    ol'  use.     'I'hcrc    was   just    enon,L;-h    of 
pinv    Trom    the    jirovincial    batteries    to    keep    the  enemy 
mindi'ul    ol'    the    value   and  speed    id'    time.     The    streets 
wei-c  bai-ricadcd  ami  the  inhabitants  wiMV  warned   to  keep 
(luii'l  in   iheir  dwellin-s  while   critical   operations  were    in 


K\  Act  AliU.N     Of    JtOSTUN. 


J)7 


progress.     It  woiiltl  sfciii  that  only  a  coiitrary  wind  kept 
the  enciny  IVoin  loaviiijj,'  on   Satin-clay;  al  any  rati',  llin-c 
Mils  k'isuix'  enongii  for  the  perjjetrating  of  nioi'e  inisdiier 
and  oMlra;j;'c.     'J'liey  ehose  the  Pnritan  Satnrday  eveniiii,', 
tlir  midiiiij-lit   and   tlic   caiis    imui's  nl'  Si:n(iav,  I'ur   their 
depai'tm-e.     Iveeii-.sel  eyes  were  walehinu'  (or  the  moment 
when  the  guard  shoidd  he  witluliawii   IVom    tiie  gales  at 
the    Xt'ek.     At    sunri-^e   the   enemy   were    afloat  in   their 
dismantled    and    enenmhcred    vessels,    and     those     which 
earrii'd  the   toiies  were  the    liist    to    reach    and   leave    tiie 
outer  harlior.     As   keen   eyes    as    were  any   on  tjit-    land 
were    also    watching    from    Yankee    decks    hetween    the 
Capes,    to    pick    np    any   stragglers.     Ollicers,    men    and 
marines,   in    nnndicr   ni'arly    nine  thousand;   women;   and 
eleven    hnndred    lories    and    flieir    families,    fonnd     their 
crowded  (piai-ters  in   seventy-eight   ships  and   transports. 
Jint  wonld  they  really  sail  away,  or   linger  to   send   iiack 
their   Parthian  vengeance    from    their  guns,  or   desolate 
the  shore  towns?     And  if  they  sailed  away,  whither  wonld 
they  go?     Only  after  ten  days  was  Washington   relieved 
of  a  [)arl  of  his  anxiety   hy  the  final  depart nre  of  the  fleet, 
leaving  only  a  gnai'd.    To  reduce  the  rest  of  liis  anxiety  he 
had  already  despatched  a  l()rcr  to  New  York.    The  harbor 
■was    not    wiiolly   ojiciied    till    the    provincials,   hy   works 
con-.triicied  on  the  shoi'e>  and  headlands,  di-(n-e  away  the 
last  >enlinel  ship   in  dniie.  jii-t    two  years   after   the    Port 
Hill  had  closed  it.      TIkh  our  liiilc   navy  had  a  revel  in  its 
jirize-taking.s. 


98  fKNTHNNtAr,    AWI VKltSAi; V    nV    TIIK 

Tin-  old  town  was  ii;;Miii  in  tlic  liands  ol'  its  citi/.i'ns  nnd 
protcctoi-.  'I'liis  was  a  j;lorioiis  day,  a  Inindird  years  a.u'o, 
l)iit  it  had  its  dt('|)  shadows  and  its  dark  Tears.  'I'liere  was 
no  parade  oC  poni]),  or  |ii'oeessioii,  or  ie-.ti\ity,  or  lij;'lit. 
yli'i'.  nor  nuieii  ptiliiie  siiow  of  joy,  at  its  lirsl  re|)()SSL'ssi()ii. 
Charieslown  was  a  eoniplele  desolation  ol'  nionrnlnl 
chininey-slaeks,  while  some  (^nakei-  sentries  stood  niock- 
inj;ly  in  its  a1)an(h>nod  i'orlilieations.  There  were  I'oul  in- 
leetions  li'i'i  in  Hoslon.  wliieh  even  the  raw  air  ol' the  sprlny 
could  not  drive  away,  and  disease  lon^'  continued  its 
ravaj;es  liei'e.  Impediments  and  fortnri;  trajis  were  set  in 
the  way  ol'  those  who  should  first  rusli  in.  'I'he  town  was 
serrated  with  militaiy  works.  ]Many  ol'  its  homes  were 
emjjtied,  deliiced  and  polluted,  and  its  warcli()Uses  had 
been  rilled.  There  was  a  j^eneral  aspect  (d'  devastation, 
though  the  hanil  of  violence  had  not  wron^^ht  -o  complete 
a  wreck  as  had  been  I'eared.  The  remnant  of  its  liherty- 
lovin,";'  peofjle  showed,  hy  their  ])inched  and  ha,nj^ard  coun- 
tenances and  theii'  Avasted  frames,  what  they  had  bet'ii 
I'ndmin^-  from  alarms  and  fi'ights,  from  sleeplessness,  from 
cold  and  hun<;er.  Cowering  lier'e  and  there  were  indi- 
viduaN  or  j;'rou[)s,  whose  synipatlfies  or  service  had  been 
with  the  retiring  foe,  and  who  were  either  too  poor  and 
mean  to  be  taken  away  with  them,  or  who  hoped  to  make 
their  peace  by  some  excuse  or  subserviency.  These 
were  soon  taken  in  liand,  a  ]iart  I'oi-  ])ity  and  slow  forgive- 
ness, wlfde  the  worst  of  them  clianged  places  with  the  last 
tenants  of  the  jail.  The  gates  wei'e  unbarred  at  lioxl)ury 
^Xecdc,  by  Col.  Learned,  on  Sunday  morning,  and  a  body  of 


i 
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I 


EVACIATIO.V    <>J'    IIO.STOX. 


99 


live  luiiulred  soUViLM'.s  CMine  in  tlicro,  wliilf  Piiliuiiii  l)i'oii,ulit 
over  as  nifiiiy  i'vom  Ciunl)i'i(lj;'('  to  tiie  loot  of  iIk'  Conimoii 
—  care  liaviiij;'  been  talieii  lo  select  sucli  as  liad  liad  the 
siiiall-|)n\.  Wasliin_nt<iii.  on  the  ncxi  day.  canu'  <)\ei'  for  a 
l)i'ier  visit,  in  a  hoat  Ironi  Dorcliester,  will) -lames  Ijowdoin. 
.Jr..\viio  took  tile  eliiel' to  dine  wilii  liini  at  his  (iiMndlaliii'i' 
l']rvinL>'s.  It  is  reeonied  ihal  tlie  greatest  luxury  wiiieh 
the  town  ailbrded  lor  their  banquet  was  "  a  piece  ol'  salteil 
beef." 

On  the  littli.  the  day  al'ter  this  visit,  W'ashinuton  wrote 
to  Hancock',  at  the  Co' gress,  inCorniini;'  hiniol'lhe  exaeua- 
tion,  an<l  oI'  the  cundilion  of  his  own  Jiouse  and  fui'niture 
as  little'  injured.  Il  liad  been  occnpiedby  (ieneral  Clinton. 
Tile  chief  reci'ixcd  and  returned  tlie  congralulations  of 
the  Cienernl  ('(iiu't.and  issued,  on  tlie  21st.  a  |)roclainatioii 
j)ro\iclin,u"  for  order,  llie  protection  of  pro]U'i'ly,  and  a  due 
regard  for  inagi--lracy,  A  lai'ge  body  oi'  troops  came  in 
on  the  -JOth,  wlio  deuioiisjied  the  enemy's  works  which 
menaced  inwards,  and  constructed  strong  works  on  Fort 
ilili  and  otiicr  scawai'd  points,  and  in  ( 'iiaricsto\\  n.  to 
overawe  the  still  lingering  foe.  W "ashington  attended  the 
revived  'riinrsday  Lectui'e  on  the  28tli,as  a  'I'hanksgiving, 
and  left  the  camp  for  \cw  ^'ork  on  April  otii. 

I']vcn  the  exiled  inhabitants  of  Boston  do  nui  seem,  as 
a  body,  to  have  made  great  haste  to  i-etinai  to  it.  It  was 
still  a  place  of  pei'il  iVoin  a  vengeful  enemy.  IVoni  di-iMse, 
and  from  |iossibli'  lawlessness.  Many  came  to  look  upon 
the  scene,  and  defei'red  for  a  season  the  reoccupation  of 
theii'  homes.  The  inevitable  town-meeting  was  held  on 
.March  "Jl'tli.  for  the  election  of  ollieers  and  atlenlion  to 
the   most    pressing  business.      >lowlv  and   cautiousU   were 


100 


f  r.NTKXXIAT.    A\MVK1!S.\1!V    OK    'I'lIK 


till'  dwell in;4«  and  warehou^^es  rcsfored  to  their  wonted  nses. 
'J'lie  scene.-;  dest-rihed,  ol  ri'unlled  i'aniilies  minglinn'  tlio 
jo_v  of  nu'eting  willi  the  j^'riels  of  uiourninji'  over  oulrai;'('d 
homes  and  Avrecdied  J'orlniies,  deeply  i'n;;a,iie  the  s\iiij)a- 
ihies  ol'  those  Avho  I'ead  tlu'  relations.  Not  till  alter  the 
century  closed  ■wore  the  signs  oC havoc,  with  the  remnants 
ol'  tile  inililary  works,  oliliterated,  and  the  scenes  of  I'lill 
l)ros|)erily  revived.  And  now.  liy  a  lair  dis[)osal,  that 
portion  of  the  snrronndiny  territory  which  most  liimly 
gri])ed  ihe  hesieged  enemy  and  compelled  him  to  depart  is 
emhraced  in  onr  mnnicipality.  New  ICngland  was  to  In? 
no  more  the  >ceiie  .!'  -war,  and  in  her  ])artici])alioii  in  it 
thus  far,  less  ihan  two  hnndicd  of  her  soldiers  had  lalleii 
on  her  soil. 

Jii  recognizing  gratefnlly  the  gift  of  the  medal  from  C(m- 
gress,  A\'ashiiigton  generously  tnrned  the  praise  Iroin  liim- 
sell  to  his  army.  He  said,  "  They  were  indeed,  al  lii-t,  an 
army  of  undisciplined  hu^liaudiiien;  luit  it  is,  under  (iod, 
to  their  hraNcry  and  atli'Ution  to  duty  that  1  am  iudelited 
I'oi'  that  success  which  has  procurid  me  the  only  reward 
1  wish  to  receive,  the  all'ection  and  esteem  of  my  counti'y- 
nien.'" 

Those  ol'  ydu  who  are  sealed  nearest  to  this  reading- 
desk  may  have  noti'ii  that  it  hears  to-day  a  decoration  not 
i'amiliar  to  the  eyes  of  all  of  you,  as  it  \va>  to  your  fathers. 
AVlien  the  Declaration  of  Inde])cndence  was  first  pnlilidy 
read  in  this  town,  on  Jul}-  18lh,  with  demonstrations  of  pat- 
riotism and  joy,  someof  the  people,  not  with  the  liot  and  vio- 
lence of  a  mol),  hut  in  a  somewhat  orderly  way,  proceeded 
to  i-emo\e  all  the  outside  tokens  and  symhols  of  kingly  au- 
thority, crowns,  carvings,  signs  and  enihleins,  from  jaihlic 


T 


UNIVERSITY  Of  'Vi-ioRiA 
LIBRARY 

Victoria      8    C. 


EVAfTATIoN'    OF    ISOSTDX. 


1(»1 


f 


jiliic-os.    Tliis  deeply  and  well-carved  oalcen  (alilel.  l)(>aiiiig' 
the  royal  ariiis,  was   attached   to  tlio   l'ro\iiice   ][ou>e,  as 
tlic    ollicial    residence    a['    his    Majesty's    (iovernor.     Ol' 
course   it  then  oanic  down  Ironi  its  place  of  diji'nity,  lor  it 
had  then,  like  Croniweirs  mace,  beconio  a  hanhle.     IJul, 
ha]i])ily,  it  was  not  de>troyed.     It  has  its  Avelconie  al)iding- 
])lacc  in  the  cahiiu't  ol'  tlie  Historical  Society.     Its  nildiiig 
has    \ielded     to    time.      I    have    not    1)roiiL;ht     this    royal 
armorial  lalilet  here,  and  put  it  to  lliis  use  to-day,  witli  any 
intent  to  do  it  slight  or  dislionoi-,  Init   as  a  valued   relic, 
sii"""'i'Stive  of  (lavs  and   I'clations  joui;'  i)ast.      I  ilo  not  lor- 
get,  but  rather  tenderly  renicndicr,  that  the  <^)ueeidy  I.ady 
who  now  hears  that  proud  escutcheon,  with   iicr  lamented 
Prince  Consort,  restrained  her  royal  ])ower  from  any  other 
exercise   than  that    of  a  noble  and    generous    sympathy, 
during  the  distr;u-tions  of  our  sad  civil  conlliet.     I  saw  the 
crown   placed    upon   liei'   head,  on   her  coronation    day    in 
AVestminster   Abbey.  an<l    have   lovi'd   ever  since  to    tr:ice 
lu'r  serene  course  of  dignity  and    lidelity  as  \\  il'e.  mother 
andqneen  of  her  magnilicent  empire.     And  if  our  story  to- 
dav  has  dealt  harshly  with  one  who  lilled  the  throne  before 
her,  let    us  not   close  it  without  the  eN]>ressi()u  of  onr  pi'o- 
fouudest    homage  and   respect    to  (^)neen  \'i(ioi'ia.  not  our 
sovereign,  —  excciil  that,  as  the  highest  lady  in  the  world, 
she  should  be  such  to  all   men. — •  but  as  dur  ally  and  our 
IViend. 

'i'wo  snggestixc  thoughts  burdened,  tlu'  one  will,  his- 
toric I'acl^.  llie  oilier,  with  a  modern,  and  we  trust,  a 
jicrpetnal  interest,  come  to  onr  minds  aller-the  i-eliearsal  of 
the  story  of  iJostou's  humiliation  and  restoration.  First: 
it  was  riti'ht   and   fair  \\\  the  ordering  of  the  method  and 


102 


CF.NTKVNIAI,    AN'NIVKIiSAKY    OK    'rilH 


action  of  our  Ri'volulioiiaiy  Wiir,  tlinl  (lie  l)riiiit  of  the: 
stniggk'  should  ]\;\w  coini;  Ih'st,  most  si'Ncrdy,  pidtract- 
edly,  and  (li'cisi\i'ly  Iktc.  Hostou  liad  gi  iicratcd,  ])i'(j- 
voked,  invited  the  contest  witli  llic  niotlici'-couutrv.  Slic 
lici'scIC  l)()a.s(cd  in  licr  town-nicctiuji'  that  slic  liad  l)ccn 
"  stationed 'hy  Providence  in  tile  I'rout  raiilv  oi'tiie  coiillict." 
Here  wiTe  liist  uttered  ealin  and  passionless,  liiil  earnest 
and  eon-eiit  jirotests,  inauiy  reinonstrauces.  din-nijied  peti- 
tions. As  tliese  were  dallied  with  and  jailed,  it  was 
natural  that  they  should  liu\e  been  followed,  as  they  were 
first,  here,  Avitli  threats,  delianccs,  insults  ami  outraji'cs. 
Truly  was  the  town  descrihi'il.  and  not  def'ained,  in  I'arlia- 
iiieiit,  as  "tile  hot-bed  of  disaU'ection."  Trnly  did  (Jen. 
(la^'e  write  to  Lord  Dartinonth,  "  In  this  town  the  arch- 
rebels  Ibrnu'd  their  scheme  long  ngo."  With  all  justice 
were  the  sharpest  censures  and  iiivecti\es  uttered  in  the 
House  of  Lords  against  that  iiestilent  nuisance,  a  l?oston 
Town-Meeting,  whose  nnkiiown  origin  and  authority,  and 
])erpetiial  \italityby  adjouruuieiit,  seemed  to  lia\e  given 
it  a  start  at  the  creation  of  all  things,  and  to  make  it  iiide- 
pi'iident  even  of  a  resurrection,  because  it  never  died. 
'J'liose  meetings  originated  the  measures  of  concert  and 
action  Ibr  tlu'  jirovince  and  contineiit.  Heix'.  too,  was  the 
largest  group  of  clear-headed  indixiduals  coufcning  and 
working  together  as  patriots,  by  method  and  progress,  as 
])o])uIar  speakers  and  writers,  skilled  in  ai'gument  and 
pleading,  reading  old  laws  and  learning  how  to  ))ut  new 
and  better  oiu's  on  the  stat  ute-book.  I  lere.  too.  were  clul)s 
of  |)alriots  and  lilierty-iucn,  whose  prejudices  were  so  in- 
tense against  tea-jiots,  that  they  ventured  to  run  the 
greater    risk    of   punch-bowls,     it   was  wholly   right   and 


KVACI'ATIOX    OF    liOSTdV. 


i(i;; 


fiiir,  thi'M,  that  liostoii  slioiild  liavc  born  llio  lirst  victim  of 
the  vi'ii^ciinci'  it  ]ir<)\ nl<('(l. 

Tlu'  other  sugg'i'stioM  coiiu's  in  tliis  (nrm  of  ([lustinn : 
Why  is  it  tliat,  wiicn  diiv  disawtiT,  In  Hood  or  iirr,  pisii- 
Icncc  or  i'aininc,  is  \isitcd  upon  any  .-^pot,  town  or  count I'v, 
of  this  far-s|)i\>ad  conliucnt,  the  lirst  ap|)cal  for  synipaliiv 
and  aid,  as  swiftly  as  IIk'  throl)1iin.ii'  wires  can  lirlnt;'  it,  is 
to  JJostou':'  And  why  is  it  that  tlic  more  distant  the  scene, 
and  the  more  strange  even  tiie  name  of  tiie  jilace  of  tiie 
disaster  to  us,  tlie  nearer  and  mort'  familiar  does  Boston 
seem  to  tho  sulferersV  The  answei'  made  hy  some  will  he. 
Because  Boston  is  ricli  and  thrifty,  and  its  juople  have  a 
i't'|)Ute  for  Uindliness.  AN'itliout  dis[)nting  tiial.  we  nuist 
avow  that  ihei'c  is  a  dcepci'  reason,  one  that  rests  on  deht 
and  obligation.  With  all  the  drafts  on  oiu'  purses,  w'e 
have  but  paid  sim])Ie  inlert'st  on  a  bonded  claim.  In  the 
dismal  and  crushing  fate\isited  upon  trading  and  conuner- 
cial  lioston  by  the  parliamentary  act  which  hermeticalh 
closed  oiii-  port  to  all  cnti'ance.  exit  and  ti'ailic,  our  Housi' 
of  Jie])rosentatives  resolved  that  this  tyi'aiuions  l)Iow. 
struck  against  this  town,  was  aimed  ei|ually  against  the 
province,  and  the  eolonizt'd  continent.  The  province  and 
eoi..inent  took  us  at  our  woi'd.  They  recognize<l  the  truth 
and  acted  upon  it.  In  deliberating  upon  a  Icttci'  receivi'd 
from  Uoslon,  the  Congress,  at  I'hiladel|ihia.  October  l(t. 
1771,  resolved  unanimously,  that  if  the  ])eo|)le  of  Ho>ton 
shouKl  find  it  necessary  to  leave  it  and  seek  the  counti'v, 
"all  .Vmerica  ought  to  contribute  towards  i'ccom|iensiug 
them  for  the  injury  they  may  thereby  sustain:  and  it  will 
be  reconuiiended  accordingly."  "The  Poor  ol"  Boston" 
was  a   phrase  familiai'  over  the  continent,  and   it  included. 


•*— ->-«|t 


h 


U»l 


CKNTI.NNIAI,    AWIVKKSAKV    OF    Till; 


I'oi"  soiiir  Mi'tlclcs  (iC  need,  all  thi^  iiiliiiliiljiiits.  'I'lic  Icttci's 
of  syiii|)iitli\  which  ciiiuc  IVoiu  the  whole  IciiLi'lii  and 
hrcatlth  <>['  \\\v  cniinli'v,  IVoin  town  and  cilv,  hamlet  and 
(solitai'v  sell  lenient,  and  the  replies  io  them,  till  two  stout 
\()liimes.  And  the  syin|>ath\  in  these  letters  always  took 
the  I'orni  of  invoiei's,  imentories  and  manifests  of  all  sul)- 
stantial  «;'il"ls,  food,  coniniodities,  money.  Mven  these  had 
to  reach  the  town  liy  tedious  land  circnils.  \'ii'i;inia,  too, 
Ill-sides  selldilli;'  the  deliverer  of  IJostoll,  sent  us  some  f)f 
her  rillemen,  a.s  did  also  ^Faryland,  to  join  our  j)ro\incial 
forees  for  sharper  service  than  the  fai'iners'  old  muskets 
could  ])erforni.  Truly,  then,  does  all  that:  IJoston  can  do 
Icir  the  \ictims  of  calamity  o\er  the  whole  I'nion  ur^ce 
itself  as  ail  entailed  ohlijiation  recoji'iiizi'd  1)\-  admitted 
claims. 

Twice  ill  the  century  has  this  hk'ssed  and  jirivileged 
herita^t;  of  ours  heeii  I'esciied  and  redeemed;  —  once  ])y 
ourselves,  and  then  an'ain^t  and  for  ourselves.  I  ha\i'  not 
the  lu'art  to  recoi;-ni/.e  the  lugulirious  utterance^:  lu-ard 
among  us  just  now  over  the  commercial  tronhles  and  the 
wrecks  of  honor  in  high  ])laces,  which  have  thrown  a 
shadow  upon  our  otherwise  juliilant  centennials.  'I"he  limes 
are  not  dreary;  the  men  who  live  are  not  dcgenei'ate.  The 
ca|iital  stock  of  our  pulilic  wisdom,  happiness  and  \ii'lue 
has  steadily  increasi'd.  IFc  who.  hecausc'  of  exceptional 
cases  or  forms  of  e\il  and  wrong,  consigns  his  own  age  or 
lu'i-itage  to  decay,  shows  only  his  ignorance  of  the  truth 
ol'  history,  and  his  distrust  of  the  Disine  workings  in  all 
])rogressive  good.  The  most  dejiraving  and  fatal  inlluence 
that  can  j)ossihly  work  through  a  connnunity  is  the  allow- 
ance, as  if  unqiii'stioiied.  of  a  prevailing  decay  of  puhlic 


EVAfTATroX    OF    TiOSTOV. 


105 


and  ])nv,ilc  virtue.     Our  l)ii;;litcst  iidjic  is  in  (lis))clir\  in"- 
that,  and  diir  iiohlcsl,  scciirilv  i<  in  di-pi-ov  in^-  it. 

As  1  read  tiie  history  ol'onr  laliicrs,  in  all  their  ^-enera- 
tions,  their  toil  and  virtue  seem  to  me  to  have  hoen  tlic 
noblest,  in  their  steady  re<vard  for  the  welfare  and  happi- 
ness of  their  posu'rity.     And,  as  I  (irmly  believe  that  no 
single  individual    can    follow  the    hij;lH'si    iialicrn    of  an 
earthly  life,  unless  his  hope  and  faith   link  on  to  a  fiiturt', 
so   I  find  it  jiroved  in  all  biot;raphies  and  annals,  that  all 
unscllish,  noble  and  heroie  lives  are  those  which  parents 
lead  for  their  children  and  their  children's  chihiren.      We 
have  such  lives  anion--  us  in  city,  sliite  and  nation,  private 
and  i)ublic.  hi-h  and  humble.     'I'he  three  generations  tliat 
have  lived  and  died  in  this  City  of  l$oston,  since  its  vear 
of  desolation,  have  wronglit  with  diligence  in  all  the  tasks 
of  duty;  have  been  |irotected  and  controlled  by  wise  and 
good   laws;     have    lavishly    sustained    all    institutions    of 
learning,    benevolence  and    mercy,  and    have  enjoyed    in 
Iheii'  homes  —  nnder   providential    limitations  only  —  the 
measurements  and  the  sum  of  all  earthly  happiness.     We 
have  had  able  and  faithfid  magistrates,  —  truly  select-men. 
And  as  for  pure  and  upi'ight  citizens,  let  es  venture  to  in- 
vite the  ti'ial  ol'the  old  Hible  test  with  whicn  the  patriarch 
Abraham  was  so  sorely  exercised.     He  was  promised  that 
an    imperilled    city  should  be    spared  destruction  if  llftv 
righteous  men  could  be  Ibund  in  it.     As  soon  as  he  ac- 
cepted the  condition,  he  felt  a  misgiving,  and  pleaded  that 
the  re((uisite  numiiei-  might  bo  ivduced  to  lbrty-(ive.    This 
being  yielded,  as  he  thought  more  and  more  of  the  severitv 
of  the  test  of  rii/fifcoitsncss,  he   begged   to  be  answei'able 
for  finding  only  forty,  then  thirty,  then  twenty,  then  ten. 


106 


CEXTEXXTAL   ANMVEHS.UlV,   KTC 


Now  do  we  not  all  /i'el  that  if  our  honoi-ed  Mayor  was  si-t 
to  aiiswiT  lor  tliis  cily,alU'r  llial  lashion,  and  was  allowi'd 
to  hf^nn  Willi  the  smallest  munljci-,  ten,  he  would  dare  to 
{?<)  up  on  the  sehednle  and  be  responsible  lor  twenty, 
thirty,  Torty,  Jbrty-live  and  fifty?  I  have  known  that  full 
number  here,  in  every  year  of  my  mature  life. 

So,  let  me  close  with  a  slij,dit  expansion  of  the  motto  on 
our  City  Seal:  "As  God  was  with  our  Blathers,  and  has 
been  and  is  with  us,  so  may  He  ])e  with  our  Mosterity." 


At  tiio  (■(ii:rluM„ii  „r  il„>  onilioii,  wliicli  was  listoiipd  to  with 
fho  closest  iiltciitioM,  iind  ivceivod  with  licarly  apiilaiisc,  the  aiidi- 
oiice  uiiilcl  in  siniriiiir  "  Aiucrica,"  Mfici-  wiiich  tli,.  iMMiclidi,,,, 
was  |)r(.iioiin.'e(l  by  l{,,v.  :\tr.  .Maiinin^i;,  aii,l  tlio  services  were 
broii'rlil  to  a  dose. 


CHRONICLE    OF    THE    SIEGE. 


,» 


T 


CHRONICLE  or  TllH  SIKIJE. 


'I'hc  writiM'  of  tli(>  prrccliiiir  Address,  in  (•oiupliiinro  willi  tlii'  wislios 
wliiili  liuvc  lici'ii  oxpH'ssi'd  lo  liiiii,  li!is  lii-ouj;lit  ti)L,'etlKT  from  inithciMir 
sumccH  tlio  miillcr  ol"  llic  lollowiii','  piigcs,  illiiHtnilivo  of  tlio  period  luid 
ilicidi'iils  of  lcic:d  liislorv,  wliicii  mtc  licic  (•oiiiiiirmoiMlcd. 

•JIIK    riluVIM'lAI.    I'Oia-KS    SI'MMilNKl). 

Till'  Si>Cc)Md  l'roviliri:d  ('nM;4l-f-:,  wliii'll  lllld  met,  !lt  Coiiconl,  li:id 
adjouniL'd,  on  April  l.-)lli.  1  77:..  to  llu'  IDlIi  of  May  follouin--.  Two  il:iys 
nftm'wiirds,    Ww.    Mpi>i-clionsions    of     imnu'diati'    cvrnt-.    of    a    staitlin;; 

C'liaraclrr    inducfd    tlic   ( miilliM-;    <if    several    neij;lilioriiiL;   lown-i.  on 

April  l.sili,  to  siMiUMon  tlie  nimilievs  lo  meet  a'j;ain  as  soon  as  po,sil,le. 
Sni'li  of  llieni  as  eoidd  lie  reached  eonvpiicd  at  Coiieonl  on  tlii'  Iweaty- 
second,  and  adjonrned  lo  Waleitown  on  llie  same  day.  tUi'  olijeel  liein;,' 
to  lii-inj;  llio  exeenlive  and  l.M_dslalive  body  of  llie  province  as  near  as 
possible  lo  the  i^aliierin;,'  iiiililary  forces.  The  snnininns  from  the  eoui- 
niillee  was  uiado  more  elleclive,  if  not  antieipateil.  by  th(^  alarmin;,'  crisis 
l)roiiu:hl  on  by  the  all'air  of  the  nincteiMilli. 

In  the  intiT\al.  tlic  following'  circular  lelter  had  been  addrcssdl  by  the 
Connnitleo  of  Safety  to  the  several  towns.  Ui'fori'  these  letters  coiiltl 
reach  those  to  whom  they  were  sent,  tlie  object  they  were  desiiined  to 
sec'Mre  had  been  to  some  <'Xlenl  reali/.ed  by  the  gatlicrin,;JC  of  excited 
masses  of  people  from  ipiile  a  largo  circle  of  ti'rritory,  Cambridi^e,  Me.l- 
ford  and  lioxbiiry  being  tlio  chief  centres  of  the  coneoilrse. 

•'  April  20,  187o. 
"Gknti.KMF.n:  — The   barharons    Murders   on   cur   innoci^nt    Hrethrcn  on 
Wednesday,  the  iiinetcenth  Instant,  has  made  it  aliseliitely  necessary  thai  we 
innncliau'ly  raise  an    Army  to  defend  our  Wives  an,l  urn- Chil.lren  fneu  llic 
lo 


110 


fllllONKI.l'.    '>l"    'l'"l-    -IJ'"'!"' 


butelieriiig  Iliimls  of  im  inliiimiin  .Soliliury,  who,  incoiipcd  at  llio  Olislni'lps 
tlu'V  nu't  "villi  in  tlirir  l.lo.uiy  lVo.trros>,  an.l  .■niMireil  :it  b^.i.,-  n'pnUM  from 
tin-  rii'l<l  .>!■  Slaii-lilrr,  will,  xvilliuiil  Ih.t  l.':.-l  .Inul.l,  takr  iIh'  lir-t  Opportiini'v 
in  tlK'ii-  r.mcr  to  ravMg..  ll.is  .luvnt..,!  Cnnntry  xvilli  I'ir,'  an.l  Swonl.  Wo  c  ,.n- 
jni'L.  vou,  tho-doiv,  by  all  that  is  li.ar,  by  all  tliat  is  sa.av.l,  that  yon  -ivo 
all  Assistanco  jio^^lbb:  in  lonninfr  an  Anny.  Our  all  is  at  Slalvo  ;  D.'alb  and 
Devastation  aro  llu'  r,  rtain  Cms.nn.auvs  ol'  D.lay:  ovory  Moment  is 
inlinitely  pivrious;  an  Ibm,-  l...t  may  .l.l.,-o  your  fnoutry  in  lilo.ul,  an.l 
•■ntail  porpitnal  Slavciy  upon  tbo  IVw  of  yunr  I'o^toi-ity  who  may  survive  tho 
(•arnage.  \V,.  beg  and  .•ntreat  as  yon  will  answer  it  to  your  Country,  to  your 
.,Nvn  ("  ns,.ienee.s,  and  alM.ve  all,  a-  yon  will  answer  to  (lod  Imnsjlf,  that  you 
will  hasten  and  eueourage  by  all  possible  Means  the  Inli.-lment  of  Men 
to  form  llie  Army,  and  send  them  forward  to  Head-Quarters,  at  Cand.ridg... 
wiih  ll.at   Kxpedili whi.h  the  vaM  Impnrtanee  an.l  in-tant  I'rgeney  of  the 

^^"^'''■''""'^""'^-  ^-.K.SKIMl    WAKKKN,   IW.IdaU  P.  T.- 


s 


On  the  twenly->i\th  of  llie  month  Ilie  eummiltee  addressed  a  second 
cirenlar  In  the  other  New  Knolan.l  pn.vinees,  asking  thai  all  the  soldiers 
they  eoidd  spare  niii:ht  be  sent  with  provisions,  aunnur.itioii  and  oMieers, 
and.  if  po>sible.  artillery,  to  C'and.ridgo,  as  our  own  men,  so  hurriedly 
assendiled.  uouid  many  (jf  llieui  need,  lemporarily  to  return  lo  their 
homes. 

CdMMF.NCKMKNr    OV   ■VUK    SIKCK    dl'    lidSTON. 

A  Ibitisli  ollieer  writing  from  Hoston  to  a  friend  in  Englaml,  soon 
after  Ills  return  from  the  affair  at  t'onc'ord  and  Lexington,  gives  us  this 
preeiso  date  for  the  opening  of  tho  siege :  "About  seven  o'clock  in  the 
evening  ue  arriveil  at  Charlestown,  and  look  posses^ion  of  !i  hill  that 
coininandeil  the  town.  The  rebels  shut  up  the  Xeck.  and  placed  sen- 
tinels there,  and  took  prisoner  one  oflieer  of  the  filth  Regiment,  so 
that  in  the  eonr>e  of  two  days  we  were  reduced  to  the  disagi'ceablr, 
necessity  of  living  on  salt  provisions,  and  fairly  lilocked  up  in  Boston." 
Of  similar  purport  is  llie  disclosure  in  a  long,  confidential  lidter, 
wrillen  from  l?oslon.  under  flu'  pledge  of  secrecy,  by  (Jen.  nurgoyne  to 
his    friend    Lord    lioehforl.    «hirb,   by  a    singular   coincidence,   is    first 

brought  to  light  in  tlic  publieatio '  the  General's  private  papers  this 

year,  a  century  after  it  w:is  written  :  — 


cuKONicrj:  of   tiik  sii.i.r.. 


Ill 


"  I  nrrivccl  ill   llo>fc)ii,  fiiiri'lliiM-  witli  ('nnnn-ai-  IIou-o  ;,iiil  Cliiiinn,  oH  (lift 

tWrllly-IJflll  nf   Miy.       It    Woulll    l)(!  lllinci'CSSHry.  Wrvr    [I    piK-illl.',  1.1  rl,.-ri-il„- 

mil- >iir|ii-isi',  or  cilhin-  liM'ling<,  iipcili  llii'  il|i|M'.-ii;inci.>  wliirli  ;il  <.im",  iiml  nil 
cvc'iT  siilr,  wiTi!  ciD'cri'd  to  ni  r  oh-i'rviiliiiii.  'I'll.'  lowii,  mi  111"  luml  -i.li',  iii- 
vcslcd  by  :i  nilililp  in  iii-ni-.  win,  llii^lifil  with  tiiicciiss  ami  insolciu'i-,  hail 
ailvaiircd  tln'ir  si'iiti-ii's  to  iiisl.il-slint  <i''  iiiir  imt-giiariN  :  llic  '^liiii-  in  tin;  Iiar- 
Ijcir  i'\|)o.i-(l  to,  and  i'\|ii'c'tiii;r.  :i  rannoiiado  or  biiiiiljiirdiinnt ;  in  all  fom- 
jiaiiii'-;,  wlii'tlicr  of  oIVhm'TS  or  inhal)ilaiii~,  iniai  still  b.-l  in  a  sort  of 
.stiiiii'faclioii,  wliii'Ii  the  i'\riii-i  of  the  iiiiiclccnlli  of  April  had  occasioned,  and 
venting  expressions  of  censure,  .aiigin-  or  de-pondeiiey.  The  iirineipie  of 
si'i/iiig  arms,  and  thereby  briii'_'iiig  the  di'^igns  of  ihe  maleonfenls  to  a  test 
and  a  lie. a, ion,  was  cerlainly  jnsi.  \Vo  can  only  woii.ler  that  it  was  not 
soon. a"  a.loi»(e.l.'' 

The  siege  may  properly  lie  ilisliiiLrnisheil  info  Iwo  stages,  the  niic  I'.il- 
l.iuinu'  lliL'  allair  at  L.'\iiigi.>n  ami  r.iii.'or.l,  the  otiier  <'ii>iiing  up. in  tin; 
liallle  a!  Hunker's  Hill.  'I'll.,  hitler,  of  ciiiise,  in  its  sirielnes^.  its  |ii()- 
iraclion.  the  critical  cvenis  whi.'li  il  involve. 1,  an.l  in  the  triumph  of  tlio 
palriolic  cause  willi  which  il  chisel,  was  far  more  inlercsling  ami 
inoiiienoMis,  liiil  the  earlier  slagc  of  the  siege, —covcrim^'  two  months  of 
tlio  eleven  of  tlio  iiivcslincnl  nf  the  town, — preseiiteil  many  exciting 
iuciilciits  ami  issues.  In  the  first  .stage  the  I'lrilish  forces  on  the  siiiglo 
liciiiiisiila  o!'  l!.>--loii.  iiiuler  Gen.  (iage,  wen-  in  ihircss  ;  .■ificru.ariK  those 
who  had  I'orlilled  the  lieights  uf  C'liarlcslowii,  iin.lcr  .'omniand  of  ( icii, 
lloive.  were  also  ladcagiienal. 

Kvcii  liefore  the  allair  .at  Coiieoril  and  Lexington  the  iiihaliifanls  of 
Hosloii  were  virtually  iiiider  mo>t  nl'  Ihe  disabililies  ami  silll'erings  of  an 
iiiveslc.l  town.  I'lie  civil  power  was  in  siibjeclion  to  the  military, 
liosloii  w.as  a  g.arrisoii,  Large  lio.iies  of  sohliers  were  ipiarlcteil  in  its 
forts,  on  its  open  liehls.  and  in  its  public  ami  jirivatc  liiiihlings.  'I'lio 
trades  ami  occupations  of  peace  were  sii^peinled  or  fellere.l.  Tlio 
people  were  expose. 1  I.)  in-^iills  ami  alarm-,  lo  iimli-,  riots  ami  c.>ii- 
(lagralioiis  from  an  niibridleil  ami  mocking  soldiery,  even  Ihe  olileers 
soincliines  being  far  from  blameless.  There  was  much  of  iMilrid  ami  in- 
CeclioMs  disease  in  the  barraclis  and  hospil.als,  T'he  low. a-  p.arl  of  tie 
(.'oinnioii  uas  appiopi  iati'.l  for  a  liiii  iai-grouiid  for  .soldiers,  »liodicil  in 
hiieh  iiiiiiilicr>  as  lo  be  liiliarcl   in  tieiiches.       'I'hcre  «a.s  a  eoii.-,taiil  ru>li 


112 


CUUitXlCLE    OF    THE    SIEGK. 


of  iloscrti-rs.  cither  singly  or  in  coinpiiny,  into  tlic  oiicn  touiitiy.  bv 
boiits,  l>y  swininiini;-,  t)i'  over  tlii>  Nodi.  Tlio  Mppc-ariinfM!  ol"  Uir-sc  in  tlio 
coiintiv  liiwns  I. ricn  caused  Mnni'Minei'  or  enlll:^l■|■;ls^nlent.  Tliey  nnt:lit 
be  spies,  tliev  uii-ilit  lie  pi-olliiiales,  bnt  lliey  [iRilesscil  to  lie  (lisi;n>le(l 
with  tlie  sei\ice.  ;inil  were  ready  to  worU  in  the  inland  towns,  often  snp- 
plyinn-  the  jilaees  of  men  who  had  gone  to  the  provincial  camp.  The 
loss  and  disalleetion  and  demoralization  vi>ili'd  upon  the  lii'itish  army  by 
the  number  and  fie(iucuey  of  these  dcserli(jus  caused  the  enniinander  to 
impose  a  most  rigid  surveillance  ..vcr  his  men.  with  cciuslant  roll-calls, 
and  to  inlfnt  the  sevei'i'sl  [lenallirs  (.f  the  la>h  and  death  upnn  cadprits. 

lie  had  in  the  previous  season  most  strongly  fortilied  the  lines  at  the 
XecU,  with  bricU  works,  with  ditches  and  strong  wicUcls.  A  nio.-l  pii~- 
itivo  and  threatening  pnitest  IVnm  the  .-eleclmen  alone  iircvcnlcd  the 
openiim  I'f  a  tremli  to  lel  in  tide-ualcis  across  t!u'  caUM'uay. 

'iiii:  I'udi;  IN  isdsfd.N. 

From  the  closing  of  the  port  in  the  previous  ,Iune  the  inhabitanU  had 
been  subjected  t(j  a  series  of  iuconveniiiices  and  inlliclions  steadily 
accumi.laling  and  iuteusifyiug.  'I'lie  giaupais  sympathy  of  ilie  (jllur 
towns  in  this  province,  and  of  fcllnw-|ialriols  all  oxer  the  conliucnt. 
imluding  Montreal,  was  sending  a  steady  stream  of  doiuitions  for  the 
relief  of  the  poor  in  Boston.  But  these  for  the  most  (lart  reached  tin; 
town  by  costly  land-travel,  .as  the  water  ways  were  clos.'d.  A  com- 
mittee Ibr  distrilailiug  Ihesi'  gills  dispensed  them  for  a  time,  cvcepl  to 
the  sick,  on  condition  of  the  perfurmauc<>  of  some  work  for  the  liublic. 
I'rovisi.ms  becanu'  srarcr.  and  wi're  lieltl  at  an  enormous  cost,  so  that 
ihos,-  who  liiid  been  uoni  to  enjoy  variety  and  abundance  (pf  nu'als  and 
veuetables,  an. I  milk  and  fresh  llsh  and  fuel,  were  even  iu  fear  of  famine. 
'I'he  cows  were  denied  their  usual  ]iaslurage  on  llu^  Conuuon  and  other 
lields.  Sentinels  gnar<led  every  way  of  access  to  tlio  town  or  exit  from 
it. 

(il'.NKKAI.    lillKidVNl-;    n\    •|'|lf.    SITIA'I'K  iN. 

The  conliilonlial  letter  from  Bnrgoyne  to  Lord  Hochfort,  previously 
i|iioled,  gri'a!!v  si rciiLilhcns  the  cvidcuci'  whicli  we  had  before,  that  the 
two  encountcis  v  hicli  llu-  Britisli  Iroojis  had  had  in  April  and  .Inne  witli 


r 


ciii:o.viri.i;  or  Tin;  sikci: 


i:; 


/ 


"  llio  iiroviiiciMl  I'mIiIiIi.'"  IjmcI  ixivcri  tlii'iii  :i  soiiiouliat  iijurc^  nilri|ii;[|c 
^(■iisc  oi'  tlic  >piril  mill  (.■oiiriigo  nf  IIh-  |.i'(i[i1c  whom  they  liul  niilr;i;;-c(l. 
AI'liT  iiifoi-iiiiiiir  liis  l()rilslii|i.  dt'  ulial  lie  im  dniilit,  In'lirv.'il.  Ilml  iho 
provincials  at  CliarlcslDuii  li.'ul  tn-lilr  ilic  liircc  of  the  lliiii-h. —  llii^ 
ti-illh  lii'iiij;  llial  tlic  Jii'itisli.  iiiilcpcinlriitly  of  llifir  wai-vcods,  actually 
(iiilniiiiibcrcil  the  |ii'()viii(Mals.  —  lie  |irocccils  to  apin'ovc  the  iiiaUiiiti  the 
utmost  for  pn|iiilai- ell'ec-t  ot"  the  allcLieil  llrilish  vietoiy  on  I'liiiikei'  Hill, 
lint  he  most  .siLliiilicaiitlv  ailds:  — 


"It  may  1)0  wi-e  pcjlii'y  to  supjiorl  tlii~  iiiiprc-;-i.m  to  llie  iitmo-t.  Ij.itli  in 
writing  and  iliseoiiixe ;  Imt  wlieii  I  witlidiaw  the  •■iii'lMin,  your  lord-hip  will 
tiiul  much  cause  I'oi'  present  retleetion,  inueli  for  the  exc>reise  of  you.'  jiid;;r- 
ment  upon  the  future  conduct  of  thi'  scene.  Turn  your  eyes  lirst.  my  lonl, 
to  the  lieliavior  of  the  enemy.  Tlie  delence  was  \vell-eoiieci\  eil  .■iinl  oli-ti- 
nately  maiiilaiued  ;  the  retreat  was  no  llijj;lu  ;  it  was  even  covered  with  luavery 
and  military  skill,  and  lu'oeeedi'd  no  farther  tli.m  to  the  next  hill,  where  a, 
new  post:  was  taken,  new  iiitreneliiiieiits  instantly  be^^iiii,  ami  their  mimliers 
alVording  constant  reliefs  of  worknuMi,  they  lia\e  Ikmmi  continue. 1  d.iy  and 
night  over  since.  View  now,  my  lor^l.  the  side  of  victory;  and  lirst  llie  list 
of  killi'd  and  wcmn.led.  If  fairly  given,  it  amimnts  to  no  less  than  ninety-two 
ollic(U's,  many  of  them  an  irri'parahle  loss  —  a  melancholy  disproportion  to 
the  nnmlier  of  thi>  private  soldiers  —  and  there  is  .a  inelaiichcdy  rea-ou  for  it. 
Though  my  lottcr  pas-es  in  sciau-ity,  I  tremldc  while  I  write  it;  and  let  it 
not  pass  even  in  a  whisper  fn'in  yipiir  lordslii]i  to  more  than  om:  person  [the 
king].  The  /.I'al  and  hitrepidily  of  the  ollieers,  whicli  was  without  ex- 
ception exemplary,  was  ill-s<>eniided  liy  the  private  men.  Discipline,  not  t<i 
say  courage,  was  wanting,  lii  the  critical  moment  of  carrying  tlie  reiloiibt, 
the  ollieers  of  some  corps  weiv:  almost  aloiii';  and  what  was  the  wor-t  part 
ot'  the  confusion  of  these  Ciir])s,  all  the  wounds  of  the  ollieers  were  not 
reeei\cd  fnuii  the  miemv.'' 


This  very  rcinarkalde  ilisclosmi.  will  le-ing  to  the  mind  of  the  reader 

the  eoiilrast,  to  some  exleul.  ofwiiat  wasexperien Ion   the   provincial 

side,  Hlicre  it  was  Ilioiii;lil  at  the  lime  that — of  course,  alhnviiig  lor 
vi'ry  marked  execplioiis  —  !lu'  iiieii  e\liil>iled  more  pruwc-s  lliaii  I  he 
ollieers. 

.V  leascm  why.  inilc|ieuilcully  of  what  has  just  been  iplolod.  liuiiioyiic 


Ill 


C  lIKOMri.i;    OF     TlIK    SII'.CK. 


limy  liiivi'  "  trcnilik'd  "  ivliili'  lio  wtdIo  tliis  k'tlcr,  is  roiiiid  in  ll!i>  ImIIhw- 
inn  cTiti<'ism  iipim  his  supoiinr  dlliccr:  — 

'•  I  lliiiik  (li'iioral  dagi!  imsscsscd  iil  l'Vcit  rinality  to  maintain  c|nii't  govcrn- 
niriit  Willi  liiiiior  1(1  liinisi'jl'  and  liaiipincss  lo  tli(F>e  liu  jjnvorns;  liis  Icnipi'l' 
and  Ids  talunls,  of  wliicli  111' lia<  luaiiv.  arc  lalculatcd  tii  dispcnst'  the  citlU'rs 
of  Jiisllci'  and  liiiiiianity.  In  the  iiiililarv  I  iKdicvc  liini  lapaliU'  (if  (ijrnrinj; 
iilicn  (U'dinaiy  and  given  lines  of  (■(indiiil  ;  Iml  his  mind  has  imt  icsinirct'S  liir 
gloat  and  sudden  and  hardy  exfrliims  which  spring  S(dr-siigge.-teil  in 
cxtracirdiiiary  cliaiaet(?rs,  and  generally  nverliear  all  (ippii>iti(in.  In  short,  I 
thiiil%  him  a  emilr.ist  tci  thai  cast  dl'ineii.  -umewhcre  descrihcil  — 


"  *  Kit  tu  (lUturb  llii- pt'aci'of  nil  till- worlil, 
Anil  nilf  it  when  'tU  wiUK-ct.' 


"  rnfdrtiinately  liir  its  that  cast  of  charaelcr.  at  least  the  latter  part  (if  it,  is 
precisely  what  we  want  here:  and  1  leipe  1  shall  net  ho  thdilght  tii  disiiarage 
my  (leneral  and  my  friend,  in  priiiKiiinciiiir  him  iineipial  tn  his  situation,  when 
1  add  that  I  think  it  one  in  wh'ch  t'iesar  might  have  failed." 


IM  KiiCdIliMO    lilCTWr.lA'    TOWN    AMI    ((H.Sll.'V. 

'I'd  all  the  inlliclicu-  visited  iipun  llie  iiihaliilanls  (if  the  liUMi  was 
sfidii  added  the  risk  lo  which  they  were  siilijeetcd  from  any  violent  or 
warlike  acts  or  (leinoiislraliinis  from  the  patriots  gathering  armiiid  the 
invented  peninsula,  who  niiuiil  feid  piumiiled  lo  measillcs  rniiioiis  alike 
to  friend  and  foe. 

The  relation  was  for  a  while  a  strange  and  |iei  plexing  one  lielwi^en  Ihe 
p.',rties  who  had  not  as  y\  irrexocalily  (hdineil  Ihe  issues  and  chosen 
sides.  'Ihe  forms  of  pe.aeeful  and  respeetful  ollicial  i.itereonise  were 
kept  ii|i,  willi  a  eoiiseioiis  sense  of  Iheir  hollowness  and  iiisineerily.  In 
spite  of  the  ell'orts  of  restraiiil  lliere  was  none  the  less  a  eonslaiit  e(nn- 
iiiiinicalioii  lietweeii  the  touii  and  eiiiin'.ry.  'I'liei'c  (vas  a  comini;  and  a 
giiing,  sometimes  o|ieiily,  sometimes  liirliv(dy  ;  various  pretences  se- 
cured lilierty,  and  money  linmghl  inivileges  then  and  there,  as  (dsewhere 
aii(l  always.  Indeed,  even  ill  the  laler  aiel  the  longer  .stage  of  the  siege 
everytliing  that  oeeiirred  in  touii  or  coiinlry,  in  either  camp,  was  speedily 
known  1(1  the  other  parly.  Deserters,  -pies,  and  those  who  contrived 
to  evade  all  guards,  and  lo  siiiliioniit  all  ditliiaillies.  got  out  of  the  town, 


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(  IlKONIfl.K    OF    TlIK    SIKCi;. 


11. 


1111.1  ii-u.'ilh  ui'iil  lo  ;_Mvc  iiiinnii.'itioii  at  lic.'Hl-i|M;irlrr-.  'I'nic.  Ilii^  was 
mil  alwiivs  In  lie  rcli.'il  on.  W'ilil  niinors.  silly  lali-s,  ini-,(;liicvi>iH  iii- 
vciilidiK.  ruliririilioii.i  iind  cXML^'i^cnilioMs.  lauulif  a  pracliscil  caiiliciii.  A 
Mr.  Mcllicaiil.  of  Watci'towii,  an  dllircr  on  hall'-|iay  in  tlu'  niyal  service 
in   I'.nsldii.  was  saiil  to  liave  IVi'i|nciilly   ri'ceivcil  inroniialion  IVoni  one 

faniji.  \i\   means  of  his  wile,  wlio  |ia>si'il  llie  lines  ;  ami  I  lie  (' mil  tee  of 

Sal'elv.  aetinj;  on  lliis  ease,  were  imlneeil  lo  proviile  as  eireetnally  as 
liossilile  aLTaiiisI  such  Inlereoiir^e.  We  miisl  remenilier  llial  lliewiile 
expanse  of  the  water  ami  llie  marsh  laml  llieii  siirroiimliie^  lln'  |ieiiiiisnla 
reiiuiri.'d  niiicli  prowes:^  of  ii  rowi'r  or  a  swiinincr  in  passing  over  it. 


COVKNANl'    liKTWKKN    (IKN  I'.HAI.   GAliK    .\NI)    Till;    1MI.\  l!l  lA  NTS. 

Verv  soon  al'ler  llie  all'air  al  I>e\iii'.;lon,  llie  wlii'j.  or  paliiolie  inhalii- 
taiiN  ol'  llosloii,  riMli/.in'.;  their  anxielies  ami  ilaiiu'ers,  applied  lo  (ir[\. 
Ca'ie  for  liberty  lo  leave  il.  M  lirsl  he  positively  rel'tiseil.  ,  The  ease 
was  tin  eniliarrassini;  one.  ainl.  a^  he  saw.  had  two  sides  lo  it.  For  two 
reasons  lie  would  i.ladly  have  been  rid  ol'  Iheiii  ;  a-,  lirsl,  Ihey  iiiiLclit 
keep  np  iiiteivonrsi'.  exehanj^e  siLi'iials.  and  ;4ive  inrorniatioii  lo  lho-.e 
outside,  and  even  aid  Iheiii  ill  ea--e  Ihey  made  an  assault  ;  ami,  seeond, 
he  woiiM  lie  relieved  ol'  an  eleineiil  of  disalVeelion  near  his  -oldiers.  anil 
of  llie  prolialile  iieeessiiv  of  [irovidiiei  the  eil  izeiis  w  illi  find  :iml  the  in(>aiis 
of  siislenanei'.      Cn   llie  other   hand,  il   >va<  to  lie  eoiisjilcred  that,  if  the 

palriolie  citizens  were  allowed  lo  ^o  oni,  willi  arm-,  money  ami  l; Is. 

tliev  would  slroiii;ly  reinforee  and  eneonraire  llie  rebels  onlsidi',  while 
their  i'oiilinned  presence  in  the  town  was  some  seeiirily  for  inli-rnal 
(|iiiel,  and  against  an  assault.  The  latter  eonsiderations  had  sway  with 
Gage. 

'I'lie  selectmen  were  called  upon  to  ineot  the  crisis,  as  it  was  under- 
stood that  the  f'.overnor  meant  to  require  of  the  citizens  a  surrender  of 
their  arms.  A  lowii-iiieeting  was  held  at  I'',iiieuil  Hall,  on  S.-itiuday, 
April  "J-,  at  which  the  eilizeus  objected  to  give  ii|i  their  arms,  without 
pledije  Iroin  the  (iovenior  of  security  for  their  lives  nml  properly,  •ind 
libertv  to  leave  the  town.  A  eoniniiltee  chosen  al  once  to  wait  upon  him 
and  arrange  matters  was  detained  by  him  so  long  that  the  meeting  was 
adjourned  to  the  next  day,  Sunday,  lo  hear  the  ri-sult  of  llie  eouference. 


IH) 


ciiKoMci.i;  or  TiiK  siKi.i:. 


'riif  soli'tim  iliiv  iiiiil  (icciisinii  iiiiiilc  ii  sdlciiin  nicclini:.  wliidi  wiis  opened 
«illi  iHMViT.  liv  Dr.  Anclri'w  Kliot.  The  Iloii.  .hiiiies  limvilnin  iiresided 
.■ilid.  MN  CliMilHiMli  ol'  llie  icimiiitlee  In  rc.iirer  with  llie  ( Mivellici',  I'e- 
pmleil  in  siili>l;im'e  :  — 

"TlKit  tliceeiumitlec'  liail  re|in  — iile.l  I.,  llie  (e.vvnier  (lie  iiiKM-ine."  r.ftlie 
inli;il)il;iiils  iil  llie  :i\eliur>  ,,1'  llie  lewii  liein^r  >ImiI  uji,  ;iiiil  le.  |ier-nii  lehiiilleil 
to  ednie  ill  111-  <:('  I'Ul,  ;uiil  llie  |e;ii>  am!  nppreheiisidiis  lliey  \Mre  miller  uilh 
ropeet  1(1  llii'  liehaviiir  111' the  troiips  in  ea^e  ol' an  •■itlaek  tVniii  the  ecmiitry, 
I'le.  To  whieli  His  KM'elleney  replied,  that  he  eoiilil  not  lie  aiisweralile  for 
the  edinhiel  of  the  troops,  iiiile-s  he  hail  aliMiliite  a--iir:iiiei'  of  llir  ]ieaeeahl(! 
(lisiio>itioii  of  the  iiihahitaiils,  and  that  none  would  lie  so  satisfaelory  as  lliu 
surrender  of  their  arms:  that  n|ion  doiii;;  this  they  should  have  liherty  to 
remove'  out  of  town,  irii/i  t/nir  iffirls,  and  lia\e  earria^'es  to  as-ist  lliosi?  that 
went  liy  land;  and  he  woidd  de-ire  llie  Admiral  [Sain'l  Creaves,  who  had 
sneeeeihMl  Adnnral  Moiitajru  on  lliis  station]  to  assist  with  his  lioals  those 
who  -liould  remove'  liy  water." 

He  also  promised  In  make  provision  that  the  pour  sliouhl  not  >iiHer. 
After  .some  disciisNion  iil  the  meetini;-,  the  inhaliilants,  partially  re- 
lieved, voted  to  eomply  willi  the  proposal.  They  pnnelilioiisly  kept 
their  a,L!reemei\l,  .surreiideriiiij  their  arms,  to  be  de|iosiled  in  l''aii:Miil 
llidl  or  elsewhere,  under  the  eare  of  the  sideetmeii.  'I'he  names  of  tlifl 
(nvners  were  severally  attaehed  to  them,  and  it  was  covenanted  that  they 
should  lie  relnrned  at  a  proper  time. 

In  the  journal  of  the  Conimiltee  ol"  Safety,  at  C'ainbfid^'e,  Ajiril  2M, 
177."i,  is  the  following- entry  :  "Mr.  Henderson  Inelies,  who  lid't  liosloii 
this  dav.  attended,  and  informed  the  eoniinillee  that  the  inhaliilants  of 
ISoston  had  agreeil  witli  the  Ciemaal  to  have  liberty  to  leave  lioston  with 
their  elfeels,  provided  that  they  lodij;i'd  their  arms  with  the  select  men  of 
that  town,  to  lie  by  them  Uc|it  durin>f  the  pfcsent  dispute,  and  that, 
aiiree.alilv  lo  said  aurcemeiit.  the  inhabitants  had.  on  yesterday,  lodged 
1,778  lire-arms.  i;;ll  pistols.  ',i7;i  bayonets,  and  :i.s  blniidcrbnsses.  with 
their  selectmen." 

r.iil  when  Ihc  ou  ners  of  the  arm-  afler  tiie  evacuation  sought  tliem,  they 
were  foniid  t<i  lie  hopelessly  daniai;ed  and  worthless.  The  I,<iyalists,  or 
'•  (iovcrnmeiit  Men,"  in  the  toun.  were  chagrined  at  this  covenant  with 
rebels,  and  said   that   (^a^e   liad  yielded   loo  much,  and  that  some  arms 


1 


1 


(  iii;o\i(i,i-.  or    iiii;  siKtii:. 


!!■ 


liM(|  iM-rri  (■(.iiccMlcd.      A   vvXu\   M'iMvli    »:is    riiM.lc    lor   <.viTvlliiii'.'   in    Hi" 

»lill|ll'    (if    il    WCMllOll. 

•|'hr    iulmliilMiil-,  liiiviii;^-    iiicl    t!ir    Iriiiix  nl'  ilicir  Mirivciiii'iil.  Irn-li'il 

llllll      th'     CwMlllnr    Ul.ul.l     rilllil     lli-.    lull     U.  IV   l|is:lll|"Hlllr.|    Mll.j     inilMlnl 
l)V   Ml'.l^.'l|m'Ml    COIliiirHJIH.       'I'llCV   llllll   nll|l|JOMMl    lli;it     llirV    WliIlM    lit,'    live 

II.  \:\>'   Willi  tlii'iii  ""  Hiiir    inoiriiMi-   iiriipn-lii  iil    llu'ir    plni^iiiv,   «i!h 
Cilrililii's  (iT    liiii'l   and    uiiliT   cuiiM'n  aiicc,  as    p|niiii-ril.      I'.iil    tin;    (iiiv- 

ir ■  Ml   unci-  iipiiuiiili'il  11  new  (.IIIcit.  imicUt  IIio  lilK'  el'  'rnwii   ^Miijor, 

wilhipiil  :i  li:i-s  IVoiii  wl 1  111'  fdlliiiilr  iiiiy  one  Id  Icavi'  llif  town. 

(iniit   clilliniltirs  \M'IV   llunuii    ill    llir  uiiy  ol'  (ililiiillill^  tlifsc    ims-fH. 
Siinic    iiiiiilicaiil-  wiiitfil    days    and  wccKs    lor  llii'iii  ;    lliryunv    liiaiilnl 
siiasiiiodically,    sUi-iu'iidcMl    for    day-    and    uci'Us,    and     llaai     iv-nnird. 
Some  obtained  llu'in  liy  Inilir.s.  Mime  llimn^li  lory  friend-..     'I'lini   a.iiain 
V('rv  .-litilil  a>>islaii(v  «a-  allord.d  ly  IVcc  boals.  as  tlir  Admiral  would 
not  co-DiicraU'.      All  |ia"a:^r  li\  i-arriaafs  ovcrllio  NecU  was  inlerdii'li'ii, 
mid  the   airi'd,  inlirni   and   sii'k  wnv  .ui''"i'    ■'""'"rei'^*-      I'-m    H"'    HK'an.'.sl, 
evasion  ol'  llii'  covnianl  li'iadc   by  llic   (io\rriior,  and  uliiili    liroH;:iil    Ills 
lioiior  under  a  floiid,  relic'ved  only  liy  tliu  plea  that  lie  liad  the  advice  of 
his  toiuisellors  and  some  lory  lawyers,  for  the  cunstrnelion  of  the   term, 
was  as  to  the  meaniii-  of  the  word  .  f/i./.i.      'I'lie  lawyers  >aid  it    ineliided 
oiilv.  •■  fiirnitiiie,  <'lollies,  plate  and   money."     The   inhahitants  in-i>ted 
that    it   eovereil   ••provisions,   merehandisi',   and   all  workilii;  tools."      .V 
eoiiiniillee  w.as  appointed  to  renioii>lrale  with  the  (iovernor,  hiit   he  lii'ld 
li\   tlie    aihiee    "iveii    him.  ami    the    exiles  —  passiii.e-    m,    inspection    hy 
a|)pointcd    ollieer-- —  had    to    h'.ivc    their    iinoils    liehilid    them,    or    win 
favors    hv    hrihci-y.      'I'lie-e    ins|icclors    were   tyr.-iiimiiis    and    ahiisi\i'    in 
tln^irollice.      'I'hree   places   of  e\il    wi'ie    provided   and    ri'jidly    watched: 
the  NocU,  Charh'stowii  Ferry  and   l.oii^' Wharf.      Here   men  and  women 
were  searched,  their  Imndlos  opened,   food  taken   from   them,   and   tlicy 
and  their  en'ecls  kept,  out  for  nights  in   the  streets  till   permitti'd   to  go. 
Not  onlv  merchandise  and   provisions,  hut  oven  iiiedieine.  came  under 
prohihition    for    removal,    and    an    inteiisi'     feeling     of    hostility,    with 
!l\o  wretchedness,  <jf  despair,   wiav  excited  in  many  persons  who  would 
li'ive   inclined  to  hi'   moderate,  and  in   the  distressed  nionibors  of  .sepa- 

aled  families,  aged  and   infirm  parents,   hiishands,   wives  and  children. 

The  warmest   partisans  of  the    royal   cause   in   tlic   town   were   charged. 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


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Sciences 

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23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  NY.  14580 

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IHcilialplv  willi  ;;<iiiil  ri'iison,  wilh  iii.liiciiiL;  Cm.  (l;ii;c,'  to  lirciik  llic  spirit 
iimi  cvc'ii  llic  li'llii-  of  his  :i:^rrciiii'Ml.  'I'lu'  li>rics  ilciiiiiiiicccl  tin; 
sirriiiijiciiicnt,  liv  wliiili  iill  «hc>  witc  in  syiiipnlliy  willi  tin'  rclu'ls  Diilsiilc. 
were  mHowciI  Id  jnili  llicin,  !is  im|iolilii'  auA  of  pcriiicioiis  Iciidriii'V. 
'I'lirir    (li'|i;irliii('    wcmlil    iciiiovc    one    of    llii'    I'liicl'    scciiiilii's    iiLtMiiist 

ilK'i'iiiliiirisiii  Mil. I  lioiiiliMiil 111.     (Ml  till'  (l;iy  of  Iill'  Imllli'  Ml  ]jfxiii'_'- 

tim  somi'  two  huiiilii'il  ol'  llirsc  lorii's,  ihii'lly  irouii-olll<'i:ils  iinil 
truilcrs,  liiul  sent  ill  thoir  iiMiiic--  to  llir  (ii'iicr:il  voliintcciiii;^'  lo  iiiiii  in 

liis  xTvio'.     Till'  (Icm'i-.'il  ;:l:i.lly  :H'cr|p|cil   ll llVr,  ;iii.l  llif  voliinliTi-s 

wciv    ill    onct;    cnroUril    i\ui\vi   liiiiimlii'i'   <ifnci:il    Iiiii.'i.'l''~.   ii    i nir.v 

toiy.  A  panic  rose  in  lliis  corps  on  llii>  ^..loini;  out  of  the  inliiiMliUits, 
mill  ul'icr  sliMiply  ri'nioii>lr:iliiiu  "illi  iIh'  (o'licral  llicy  llircalnie.l  to  lay 
ilowii  tlii'ir  arms  ami  oven  lo  <,'o  onl  lliciiisrlvrs.  'I'lie  (icncral,  al'lcr 
Iciiipori/.iiiL',  yiclili-il  to  tlicir  rcinonstranci's,  ami  canic  to  tlic  iiorsnasion 
llial  cvni  till' pri'si'in-c  of  "oiiirii  ainl  rlrlilrrn  in  llic  louti  mi'^lil  !"■  a 
sc'iiiiilv  to  ii.      llciui'  llic  restrictions  [iiil   upon  llii'  earryin;.'  out   of  lln' 

terms  of  hi.,  oui vciiaiit.  anil  the  linal  refusal  of  passes. 

The  Col iuec  of  Safely  al    (  aniliriihc  in   a  letter  lo  llii>  Seleelineii 

of  liosloii,  ilalv.l  .\pril  :.'•.'.  anlicipaliiej;  the  conlrael  uilli  (lace,  hail 
ap|irovcil  it  in  llie^c  wonls;  — 


"  (iF.NTI.KMKN  ;  — 'llic  (  cininitloe  "I  Sali'ty  being  inlormeil  that  (!cn.  (lajje 
li!i.s  priipiiseil  a  treaty  willi  the  iiihaliilaiils  of  the  town  nf  lio-lnii,  whenOiy  he 
fitipilhites  that  tile  WMin, 11  anil  chiiilreii,  wilh  all  their  elVeets,  shall  have  safe 
eoniliut  wilhonl  the  ;.'ariisiiii ;  ami  their  men  also,  upon  eomlitioii  that  the 
male  iiihabilanis  williiii  tlie  town  shall,  mi  their  part,  solemnly  eii^rajre  that 
they  »ill  not  l.ike  lip  arms  apiiiisl  the  Kln<;'s  Ironps,  within  ihe  town,  shoiihl 
an  allaek  lie  maile  from  witlnml,  —  we  eaiiiiot  but  esteem  those  eomlitions  to 
bi!  just  ami  reasonable  ;  iinil  a.s  the  inliabilaiits  are  in  (lanfror  of  sulTering  from 
the  want  of  provisions,  which,  in  this  time  of  ;,'eneral  confusion,  cannot  be 
ciinveyeil  into  Ihe  town,  we  are  willin;^  you  shall  enter  into  ami  lailhfiilly 
keep  the  ell^ae;emellt  !lf  >ie  menlioniil.  etc." 


or  course  llierrovineial  Coiijrressrcmoiislrateil  aiiainsl  the  rmliarrass- 

meiils  put  upon  the  removal  of  tin'  | pic,  ami  against   the  llnal  breach 

of  his  ciiM'iiaiil  by  llic  <  icncral. 

CharlcsiovMi.  thoicjh,  till  llic  balllc  ol   .Inni'  ITlli,  nominally  free  from 


iiiioNici.K  OI-  Tin:  siK(;|-.. 


II!) 


iiiililiny  cdiiln.!.  n:is  still  iiiuii.Mi.'it.'ly  <.v,ni«c.l  bv  llio  Biilisli  mikI 
Ihrir  -.hi|i<.  II  «:i--  ■^nMlually  liicniniii.i;-  .I.mtIimI  liy  ils  pc.n.lc.  siiv.'  I>y 
ii  r,.w  «lii,  lii.'.l  In  i.n.lc.t  tJK'ir  pn.iicily.  Il-  V<»nvv  iiiliMhitaiils  uvio 
picviilcl  Inr-  ill  llu'  <-(,ii:i'lT  |n«iis.  I  II  1\ .il  1, ii:iUly ,  1 . M ..  -»w  (.r  Iho 
pi.oplc  of  linstcii  liii.l  l.wii  Iniiisfciniig  ■tdi-ils  Mii.l  VMliial.lcs  to  tlu^ 
doonica  town,  as  if  for  -ivatw  s,.,.mity.  Tli.'  liUiaiy  of  Dr.  MM\m  l.a.l 
li«Mi  (loposite.l  ll.nv.  Of  .■niir-...  all  IhfM"  -no.ls  „r  .■very  KiiM  «oiv 
(U'stiiAcd  "lien  111.'  Uiitish  liiv.i  the  In.vii.  As  caily  as  the  lii'st  w.'cU  in 
May  a  ■.'iiapl  at  Charlfslowii  Nic-k  piwiiitccl  tlio  ciitniiice  of  piTsolis  or 

)>rovisi()iis  willioiit  a  pass. 

CciicraKia-v  srciiis  to  liavc  i-c.L'anU'il  hi-  .1.  iiiaiia  for  lli.'  .Irlivny  of 
•mns  as  iii.-liMi.i-  those  of  all  tia'  iiilKiMlaiils.  II,'  Ihrrdoiv  i-,.U'.l  on 
June  I'Jtli  tlio  folio"  iii-r  prudainatioii  :~ 


••  I'.v  riii;  (ioVj-.uNou.    a  i'i;i)(  i.amaiiov. 

■'Wh.',a,.^,  nMlwilh^tanaiii-  IIh'  r.'l.oal.',l  .\s>iiranr,.s  ..f  tl„;  .S'l.'Hin.i.  and 
olhoi's,  Tliat  all  tlio  Iiiliahitaiits  ..fth,'  T-uii  of  l!,-!,,,,  l.a.t,  io.»i /'V./,',  .le- 
liv.'i-.'i!  tli.'ir  rin.-Arnis  unto  th,'  I'.'r...ns  appointml  to  r,'.'.'ivo  thnm.  though  I 
ha,l  Advh'os  at  tlio  samo  Time  of  tin'  contrary ;  and  wlu'roas,  I  have  sin:o  ha.l 
lull   IVcof  that  many  ha^c•lH■,.np^rrnllons  in  this  i:,'..p.','t,  an,l  have  sLrn't,.! 

great  NuuiIk'Is  : 

••/  ]l,i,:  thonght  lit  to  is>u,'this  I'ro.lamation,  to  n'^uir-' of  all  Trr^ons 
«ho  l.avo  v.'t  I-'h-e-Arms  in  their  pos.s.-ssh.n.  innno.liately  to  surrender  them  at 
tl,e  Conrt-llouse  to  su.'h  I'ers.ms  as  shall  he  autl.ori/.e.l  to  reeeivn  them: 
and  hereby  to  (h'elare  that  all  I'ersoiis  in  whose  possession  any  Fiie-Anns 
may  hereailer  I,,'  fniind,  «  ill  he  ih'eme,!  Knemies  to  His  Mi,i,.sty's  liovernment. 

"Ciscn  at  ISoslonthe  Nimteenth  Dayol  .Iinie.  177.".,  i'iie.,  &e, 

"I'lKjs  (-ma:. 


Itv  His  Kxeelleiiey's  fommand 


•  TIIO'S   1  l.lt  KKU,  Sccr'i/. 
•  (;OI)  .^ave  the  KlNd." 


120  (  iiiiDNirT.r.  t»F  Tiir.  sir.r.r.. 

'I'lio  rDllowiiii;  ;il'lfi«nnls  iip|«':irc(|  ;il  its  ilatc  :  — 

••  NO  Til  ICA  Til  IN'. 

■•  Al.l.  l'cT<"M'(  who  ;irc  ilrsiiMin  uf  l,-a\  itif:  lli.'  Tdwn  el'  ll.i-l.m  arc  li.T.'hy 
imIIimI  ii|miii  Io  L'ivi'  ill  thrir  Naiiir-  I"  tin-  Town  Major  lorlliwilli. 
"  I!y  Oi-.l.r  of  lli^  i;\ri'lIoiir\  |lii.  (IcniTal, 

••.IAM1>   IMIQl'lIAltT,   7o"»  .l/.y..r. 
"  l!o-|iiN,  -.Mtli  of  .Inly.  177.'.. ■' 

'I'ho  I'roNiiirial  Coii^iT-.s.  al  (  iiiicor.l,  A|iril  I  1.  icco._'iii/.iMl  llic  pni- 
,l,.|i(T  of  llic  stop  l.y  wliioli  many  ..f  liic  iiilKil.ilMiils  of  tlir  touii.  »li.) 
had  liooii  alilo  ti.  do  -o,  liail  alrcnily  U'lt  it,  nii.l  proviilod  for  lioliiin^'  tin- 
poor  to  coino  out.  (»ii  April  -JO.  .losopli  Warivn.  as  Cliainiiaii  of  tlu' 
(■oMiiiiilliv  of  SalVly.  a.lilios-.o.l  a  ic-pociriil  l.'ttcr  to  (oiioral  Caili', 
M-I^iui:  liim  MS  to  til."  time  that  uaslo  l.r  allow. M  t..  tli.is..  wli.)  wislio.l 
r.'sppclivi'ly  to  -..  into  ,,r  to  .■,.iii..  .,iit  of  l;o~l..ii.  aii.l  si|._r^r,.s(iii:j:  that  lio 
r<Miiov.' th.  i.'stn.'tioii  l.y  "lii.h  h.'  had  limil.d  Uw  iiuinhor  of  waL^ns 
that  ini-lil  li.'  a.liiiitl.il  at  any  ..i..'  tiiii.'  to  ihirly.  'I'll.'  niall.-rof  ih.. 
lihcrati..!!  of  tlw  inhahiliinls  was  r.'f.'iT.'.l  l'\  th.'  l'ro\  in.'ial  Coniir.ss  ... 

til,.  Co lilt. r  Saf.'tv.  aii.l  ii.'tioii  hy  th.'  .■oininitt..- wa-   imiiiiticiitly 

a-li.'.!  for  on  April  .'.nih.  Tli.'  .•.iininitl.'..  ivport,.!  on  tlir  -.■iiii."  day, 
iU'crptiiiii  CaLr.'V  t.'rnis,  an.l  a^n-.adni!  Hint  those  who  slioiild  -o  into  tho 
town  nii^ht  tidi.'  "ilh  Hiom  lln'if  .ll'.'.'l -.  fv:.-.M)tin.i  iiriiis  and  ainniii- 
niiion.  It  was  al-o  ihoii-htfiilly  ord.'r.'d  thai  th.'  m.Miih.'rs  r.^mainiii;,'  in 
th..  .•..iiiilry  t.AMisof  faiiali.s.  Ih,.  h.^ads  of  wliirh  niiilht  hv  in  Most. in, 
liivorini;    th."    myal  sid.".   sh.mld   not    h."    .ivat.".!    with   any   vi.il.Mi.a.  .^r 

iii.li^'iiily.     iMirlh.'r iv.  [..■riiii"ioii    and    fariliti.'s   w.av   ^'rant.'.l   to  all 

wh.i  uish.'.l  to  ivinain  in  I!ost..n  to  Maid  out  into  th."  .■oiinlry  lor 
their  Mi..v."alil.-  iir..p.'rty.  .■M-..plin^'  nnns  and  ainiiiiiiiiti..ii.  Th.'  ..h- 
stnwti.ins   inip..siMl   l.y  (i.'ii.  Cmu'.'   cintiniiin-   to  pivv.nt   Hi.-  .;;r..ss  .if 

th."    inhal.ilaiits    IV tin     toun.    Ilio    rrovin.-ial    Con^liv^s    a.ldr."ss.".l    ii 

h'ttiT  t.)  (i."n.  Ward,  at  W.ixlmry,  i..  .lo  .■v.^iythinir  in  his  po>v..|  to 
M."<"nr."  injrivss  an.l  c-irss  t..  all  »lio.  iin.ha-  Hi."  .•on.lili.ins.  ,h-iiv.l  it. 
On  May  '.nil.  a  coiiiiiiill.-."  »a-  iiisii  inli'.l  l.i  niaU.'  '•  .-i  spirit. 'd  apiili- 
ratioii"  to  tii'ii.  t'a-v.  Tli.'  i.-iill  »as  Hi."  foll.iwin-  I.  It.-r,  soul  to  him 
l.\   111."  (  on;;i.ss,  on  .\lav  l^th  :    - 


(  iiKoNK  i.i:  or  Tin;  ^^M■;(;l■:. 


121 


"  To  IHa  Kxcdlcnni  Oencral  (l(i;i<-:  — 

..  Siu,  — This  Ciingress  Imvo  rcriMvi'il  frciiiciit  iiiti'lli^r.iic.i  tliat  llirir 
hretliroii,  llm  iiiliabitaiiH  i>(  the  town  «(  lUuUm,  Imvc  to  coiitiMnl.  iii  tln-ir 
rcmiival  tlKircCroin,  Willi  miiiihtdiis  di-lays  tiinl  iMiibriiTassiin'iils  <'i)tiir;iry  to 
til.!  stipiiliUiim  proposed  aiid  !l^'^•<•d  to  li.'twi'vii  Voiir  Kvi'.'llcnrv  iiml  lli>' 
sulnctiucn  of  tliiit.  town. 

"We  think   it  onr  dniy  to   riMnnn^inil>'  to  Vnnr  KxciaiiMwy,  lh;il,  IVoin 

thr  pap.Ts  minniraliMl  to  in  hy  tin'  said  s.'h'.-tni.'ii,  it  app.Mi'.'d,  that  Hi.' 

inhaliilaiits  wi'it  promised,  upon  siin-eiidcrin^'  thcii-  aniis,  that  thf-y  should 
lie  p.TiiiiUed  to  leave  the  town,  and  i-ari-y  with  them  their  elTerts.      I'he  eon- 

dilion  \v:i,s  iiniiiedialeiy  < plied  with  nn  the  part  ..ftlie  iie,.ple  ;  siliee  whieh, 

though  a  iiiiiiii.er  oC  day-   have   elapsed,  hut  a  very  small  proportion  of  th« 
ilihahitaiils  have  1 ii  allowed  to  take  the  henelit  of  yoiir  eoveiiimt . 

■•  We  w.iiild  not  allVonl  Voiir  ICxeelleney  liy  lie'  most  distant  in-iniiation  that 
you  inteniled  to  ileeeive  and  disarm  the  people  hy  a  cruel  net  of  iicnMidy.     A 

rej;ard  to  vour  own  eharaeler,  as  well    as  tin' fatal   i seipieiu'es  which  will 

necessarily  result  from  the  vi.dalion  of  your  solemn  treaties,  must  sii^rgest 
hUllicient  reasons  to  deter  a  ■,'entleman  of  your  rank  and  -tatioii  from  so 
ininrions  a  de-.i;:ii.  I'.iil  Vour  Kxcellency  must  be  sensibh',  that  a  delay  of 
justice  is  a  denial  of  ii,  and  I'slreniely  op|)res.sivc  to  the  people  now  held  in 

duress. 

••This  ('oii'rres.  ihoiiKh  not  the  oricrinal  party  in  the  treaty,  have  lakc'ii 
eveiv  sl.'p  in  llieir  pow.o-  to  facilitate  the  measure,  and  iu  the  whole  of  their 
e.niduel  have  endeaVMreil  |,.  evi.lein-e  a  dispnsition  to  act  upon  the  principles 
of  hiiuianily  and  •rood  faith,  and  sliU  indnlj^e  h.ipes  that  the  eonfnlence  of  the 
inhabilanis  of  Mo-ion,  in  Vonr  Kx.'cllency-s  Imnor  and  failhfnlue.ss,  is  not  mis- 
placed; and  thai,  leilwith-landin;,'  any  ilisa.L'rceable  occurrences,  n.aturallv 
resiiltin<r  I'roni  the  confused  st;,ti'  of  the  colony,  which  this  Concrress  have 
di.scounteii.inceil  and  endeavore.l  to  rectify.  Your  K.toellency  will  no  longer 
sutler  your  treaty  with  a  distres-i'd  people,  win.  on-lit  by  no  means  to 
be  alVecti'd  Ihendiy,  to  hi'  further  violateil." 


Tlu!  C'onuuiltee  of  Safety,  on  May  17th.  passed  the  followin>,'  vote: 
"  Wlipvus  Ceiieial  fiai;.'  lia«  not  kc;it  his  agreenifhl  with  the  iuliabilants 
id'  tiie  town  of  l!o-ton,  but,  nolw  illi-.laiiding  his  -aid  agreement,  has 
pri'veiili'd.  and  even  rcl'ii-ed.  said  inhaliilaiits,  with  their  ell'eels.  f-om 
leiiioving  Inlu  llie  counliy  ;  llieicfoiv,  l,'is,ilr,,l.  That  it  be  lecominenued 

to    Ibr   ('ongle^s   that    they    lescilld    llieir    l.'-olnii f  the    :'.ii|li    lllliino, 

peiiiiilling  llic   iiihabilant- of  thi-  c.d.my   to  ieinn\ e,  with  their  clU-ct>, 


I -.'J 


(  IIIMINK  l.i;    nr     Till:    SIKC.K 


liiln  llic  town  (if  r.i>-lii|i.  wliiili  ic'soliiiidii  w.'c  rMiiinlcd  ii|ioii  -iiiil  .'iiin'i'. 
Illcllt."  .\ccii|ililli;l\  .  till'  ('ii|ii_Mc>-,  nil  till'  l»rliliilli  111'  Ihi'  llinlltll.  IC- 
Milvc.j  ;i>  lulliiw^:  "irA./Ml.s.  lliis  Cdli;;!.-,-  iliil.nll  lllr  lilMl,  ,.[  .\|.lil 
lll~l.  |i:l-~  M  I'csnhc  Inr  |MTlllillilli;  >lirh  illllllliit:llll>  111'  till'  i-dlollV  In  ir- 
iiiiivr  iiild  Iliisluii.  "illi  llicir  c'lrccl-.  riri--:iniis  nml  Miiiiiuiiiiliiin  i'\rc|ili'i|, 
:i>  sliiiiild  incline  lliriilii,  it  iiriu;^  in  ciili:  i'i|lirM<'c'  dl'  (irii.  (line's 
|iriiiiii>r  III  till'  iiiliM)iit:iiit>  nl'  r>ii>liiii.  tli:it.  ii|iiiii  i'i"-i;^iiiii<4  tlii'ii'  ;iiiiis 
iiiiil  :iiiiiiiiiiiitii>n  tlicv  >liiiiilil  liiivi'  libcrlv  to  I'l'iiinvi'  t'l'oiji  saiil  town  with 
tliiir  cUccts;  iinil  ulii  rid.i.  liiil  !i  siiiiiU  iiio|i(irliiili  nl'  llii'  >.'iiil  iiili:iliit;iiits 
III'  liii^tnli  liiiM'  liiTii  liitlic'itii  [ii  riiiittiil  111  IcMVr  till'  tii«  II.  mill  tliiwi' 
Hilly  to  luini;  tlirir  clotliiii^  :iiiii  liuiisi'linlij  I'liiiiitiiic.  Ilii'V  lieiiit;  I'un- 
slriiiiii'i!  til  li'MVi'  tlifir  iiiuvi^ioiis  iiinl  ;ill  llirir  utliir  iirrrtn  ;  tlicirl'int', 
lii:inli-('(l,  ■|'li:it  (ii'ii.  ^\  iiiil  111'  ainl  lie  lirlcl'V  is  ilinctril  to  iilili'l-  till! 
[iuaiils  in  I'lilnic  iint  tn  ■.nircr  nnv  iniivisinii-.  ui' cHi'i'ts,  i'\i'c|itin;i' furni- 
tniT  Mini  I'lntliin^.  Ill  111'  cMirii'il  iiitu  tin'  town  nf  I'lustnn.  mi  Iniiir  .'is  llic 

s;lii|  (  ifll.  <  ill^r  '-li:ill  Mlll'cr  till'  |M'l'^iins  or  I'll'ccts  i  if  1  111'  illll.'ll  iit:lllt-.  iif 
saiil  tiiwii.  i'iinti:ir\  In  liis  ii|ii;lili'.|  faitli.  In  lu'  ii'-lniincil." 

It    is   ilillli'iilt   til  I'-tiiiiali'.  uilli   iiiiirli   pri'i'i-iiin.  tin'  rxiii'l  iiuiiiln'i' of 
till'   iiili.-iliitiints  of  Hii-liin.  of  Imtli  scxr-  :iii'l  nf  .'ill  :il:i'-.  "Im   iriimM'il 


I'lnlll    it    Umlrr  this   lil'st    rnllilitiiin.'ll 


iillii"iiliri' 


I'li'il    hv  the  liriti^li  inlll 


ni;inilii'.  As  wr  sliiill  scf,  li_\  iiiiil  liy.  iiiinllici' ii|i|iiiiliinity  fur  :i  firlhrr 
|iiiitiiiii  iif  thi'  ilislri'ssnl  |ir(>pk'  tii  gn  iiiil.  Ihniiiih  iiiiih'r  still  hiiiili'i  coii- 
ililiiilis.  \\:l-  iilfiTiil.  I'lillsi'il  liy  till'  inr-s  i  if  rirrllMlst;ili<'(s.  'I'lir  i|ll;llilii'il 
|ii'i\  ili'ijr  ntli'i'i'il  hy  the  |i|'ii('l;ini:itiiin  in  April  wms  pr:i('lii'ally  inipiiirril  liy 
sii  iniiiiy  I'nili.'iir.-issnii'iiis  :inil  I'Mpiiri's.  llnit  llic  I'xit,  of  tlmsi'  wliDwisln'il 

In  :iv;iil   tllr|ll»i'l\l's  nf   it    \\:is  Hi'lllily  plnll.'lrll-il  nil  tlirnllL:ll  till'  niniith  iif 

•Innc.  'I'lii'  iiltri  ii.'iliM'  nf  i^uiiii^  nr  nnniinin^  u:is  to  niiiny  lull  a  liMhinci' 
nf  Inii'ilships  ;iii(l  ilisii'i'sscs.  I.arLir  iiiinilii'rs  nf  Ihrni,  having  im  ichitivcs 
in  till' (■(iiiiilrv .  aiiil  im  Uinil  nf  prnlilalih'  riiiplnynicnt  nr  rcsnini'i's,  filt 
Hint  Ihry  wniilil  Iimm'  In  throw  tlicinsi'lvcs  on  Ihc  cliiirlly  of  towns  or 
iniliviihnils  iilri';iil\  lir;i\ily  hiirilfiicil.  iinil  limkiiif;  forward  to  scvt'i-pr 
••xilftiniis.  I'lii'y  niii^t  liaM'  llnir  dwcUiiiiis  and  their  prnperty,  «hieh 
Ilie\  conld  not  leiiiiiM',  tn  all  the  risks  nf  disaster,  niisehief,  vinlenee, 
and  nl'  waiilnn  linls  of  a  niililary  neciipaney.  'I'o  set  a>^ailiHl  thesu  were 
the  steadily  ineiea^iiii;  sealeily  and  exnihilaiil  priees  of  fuel  and  pro- 
visions,  loss  of  means  of   livini;    throiiLih   trade    or  lalmr,  fearful  risks 


«  IIIJONICI.K    <)I'    TIIF.    SIKfiK. 


123 


rnmi  iH-til..|.liMl  ,li..'MS,..  tlM^  liMlrfiil  lOTscncr  of  :.  fu,v;-M  luinv.  ainl  the 
(•oiistiint  poril  of  ,M-i>;;uilt<  from  tin-  pMliiol-'  outside. 

Tli.Mv  ttvic  siippos.'.l  lo  liavr  h.'fii  iilioiil  17,(10(1  iiilKilHlMiiN  in  lio^toii 
Hhcii  lin-;ililics  l.cL'Mii  at  l-c\iii-loii,  iiM.l  il  wasrslim.-iliM  tint  lu-ailv  or 

(piilc    iL'.ooo   l,:,.l   .^ni lit   \>y   lli>'  •■ml   of  .Iihh'.      More  were  vrl.as 

aliov.'  iiiliiiiale,!.  lo  uo  out  in  III.'  atiluinii.     'I'ii'Mv  wen-  sevrral  .•a-<es  in 

«liicli  one  me  iilicr  of  a  family  lehMed  lo  remain  n.   loolv   after   Iioiim., 

properlv.  sliop  or  -.lore,  wliile  tlio  oilier  niemliers  went  iiilo  llie  eoiinlry. 
■I'lien   the   Ion-  nioulli- of  separation,  willi  all  llie  varii'.l  eiilamilies  ami 

apprehensions,  keepinil   tl i   at    a    fever   heal,   aiel    with    the  .■Mivme:,! 

iliirfe'.tv  of  eonimnnieatiii>;  liy  letters,  whieli  were  npene,!  i>ii  l.olli  siiles 

of  the   lines,  we're   fiirtle  r  :e.'-ravalioiis  ,,f  misery.      The  Ceiieral   n- 

pelleil  the  selei'tmen  to  niiiaiii  in  Ihe  louii,  l.iil  they  hail  seaive  anylhiii;; 
hevoml  s.anilary  fuiielions,  aii.l  a  |iarlial  oversi'.'liL  of  the  p.ior.  Town 
ineetin'.'s  of  the  eiti/.ens  of  liosloii  were  liehl  in  Walerlowii.  Keeonls 
of  these  ami  of  the  iloiiiLjs  of  the  seli'etmen  are  piescrveil  in  the  City 
ChaU's  olllee.  hill  they  are  .■xeee.liiinly  nieai^re.  Those  of  the  meetings 
held  .at  Walerlowii  are  hugely  occupied  with  provisions  for  the  oration 
on  ••tlie  horrid  mass. lere,"  and  with  thaiiUs  to  the  orators.  The  I'ro- 
viiiei.al  (■on;;re-.s  did  all  that  was  in  its  power  li\  reeonimendalioiis  to 
proviile.  in  llie  eoiintu  loun-.  for  the  rei-eiiiion  in  eaeh  of  a  eerlain 
niimher  of  i'\iles  who  had  no  private  resoiirees.  and  Used  on  a  weeMy 
allowance  to  he  paid  for  llieir  s|ip|Mirt  by  the  seleetmiai  of  siieli  towns, 
or  hv  their  Coinmittees  of  (.'orrcspoiideiicc.  \  spirit  i>f  imitiial  depend- 
ence and  harmoiix.  ami  .a  delermin.alion  to  coiilinm."  resistanci',  nu'ctiiijf 
all  its  eonsei|iieiiia's.  were  vei\  much  iiuickcneil  by  these  intcrmiiiglilil;S 
of  the  people  from  the    town  witli  llio>e  in  the  country. 


■■Tin;  iiiir.NUs  Ml'  (;n\  i;i;nmi-.n!'." 

lioston  now  iK'canie  simply  what  sonic  of  those  left  ill  it  called  il.  "a 
(iairison  .if  the  Kin;/."  li.'si.l.'s  the  military,  il  now  had  in  il — we  .■■■in 
s.-ar.'.'lv  sav  that  it  sh.'lt.'ivd  and  |iroteetcd  —  a  motl.'y.  .liseonlaiit  .■nid 
niicomfoilahh'  e.)ni;l.mier.'ili.m  of  p.'oplc.  Tlie  country  louiis  hail  lia.l 
at  Ihi^  s.-nii.'  liiii.'  s.'M'ial  peis.uis  and  a  few  fainili.'.s  of  wli.im  they  "ere 
gla.l  to  li.'  ri.l. 


124 


(  IIIK'NK  l.K    <>1      TIIK    .>ir.(.K. 


■miillS    IN     I'liWN    AM)    ColNTIiV. 

Tlic-c  «civ  llicu  .mIUmI  Tdii.'s,   iillfiwimU   I.nv;ili~t>.  aiitl  Krliii-'co-i. 
S(.iMc..niicsr  i,M.iv.l  hard  nu'iismv,  iiiHl  wciv  lr.:il...l  iiii.luiiM.aiv  willi 
srvriil\.  (TMrlly.  and   m).s,.1iiIc   iiijii>li<T:   and   uw\>r\s  sn.  as  111.'  .■v.'iil 
pi,,\.M.  loi-  c  lids  of  pnli.'V.     1m  scvrral  i.r  111,-  .oiiiitn  Lmiis  «rn'  .-..ii- 
si-icncMis  cili/.rns.  pnilVs-iuiial  imi.  or  mn,  liaiiN,  ,.r  iiitliM-Mro  and   lii-h 
.MK-ial  standiiii:,  «lh.  "riv  iiioiv  -r  N-ss  -Ml  of  MMipalliy  "ill.  whal   llirv 
n-aidid  a>  ilu'  raslin.— .  ImiIimIumcc  cr  vi..l.'Mc.'  ol'  tlir  -i.inl  of  Hli.Tly 
as  il  «as  lli.M  n>in-.    Tli.-y  llion-lil  .mu'  i^ii.vanns  ,.xa-_'.'r.dnl  ;  d„Ml.t- 
od  if  «.•   ...mM  ,n,M.  will,   (oral    r.litain;   IVatr,l   oni'   l.nid.-ns  «.,nld   I..! 
in,Tca>rd   lalliirllian    liLihl.n.'d  ;   di-lnisU'd  Ih-'   Iml-liradcdMcss  ,.f  -oni.' 
«l,„ni  tlicv  l...iU.-d  uiM.n  as  drnia-ognrs  ;  and,  "ill,  a  lu'^ilalin-  "Md  ■■un- 
s.Tvalivc  spiiiK   lli.'v   coMn-.'ll.-d   mndfialion   and  delay.      KilluT  iVon. 
^^onU  ki„.u  n  In  liavr  dn.l.l.rd  IVmn  llimi.  .m- IVuMi   tli.'ii-  l".ld.M-  <vyo-.\- 
,i„„.  „,■  IVou,  llirif  ahscMtv  Cnnn  \hr  p.ipMlar  a>s,'nilili.'s.  smcIi  nicM  canui 
nMdci-  sn>|.ioioM,  iinil  wnv  niaiUrd  will,  dislrnst.     'I'Ih'  patiioli*.  (-..n.mit- 
IC..S  of  111.'   towns  lo.,k   ihcMi  iM  l.aMd.  w.nt    lo  .■Naniiiic  llin...  or  siini- 
,„„n.d  lliwn  lo  a  nin'tin-  lo  -iv  an  ar.-oMnI  of  lliolnsrlvrs  by  Ininiilialion 
and   avowal>  of  syn.|.all.y   will,  11,.'   \<"V^i\:^:-  omis.'.     S,,im'.  ti.ni.Uy  .,r 
honurslly.  ma.l.'  iL.'ir  p.'a,-.'.     OIli.Ts,  wl.o  w..Mld  not   >i,'ld  lli.ir  .-oMvir- 
lioMs.  w(  !.•  Iivnl.d  Willi  indijiiiily  aii.l  violcnc'.  l.y  mobs  inv.'sting  ll.fir 
(hv.'lliiigs.  l.y  ll.r.'als..f  la.'  and   iVallu'is.  and   by  dcslrMCli.iM  .>r  si'i/.ii-o 
of  IL.'ir  pn.ii.'rly.     TIi.'m'  pr.i.-.'dMrcs  .'oiilirin.'d  ll..'ni  in  tli.'ir  opinions 
an.l  .'o.i.-x'  <•{■  .'.Jiul.K'l.  and  slilR'n.'d  iL.'ir  ob^iina.y.      Many  of  tli.'so, 
brii.|4  ImslU'd  ali.-iil  and   tliival.n.'.l   in   lli.'.r  .iwm  Iowms,  lia.l  alr.'a.ly 
foMMd  a  lio.ibU'd  r.'f.i-.'  il.  l!..stoi..     (nl..'r>  had  ,oi„.'  into  tin'  n.'i-libor- 
1„mm1  of  til.'  lYovin.ial  .'an.p  a.  if  ..'ally  salVr  Ih.'iv  than  al  l.onn'  anMin- 
gallR'riiiii  niinul.'-liii'ii  and  nn.l.'r  llii'  survoillani'.'  of  t'.jniniitU'.s. 

Willi  Ih.'  s..fU'ii.'.l  spirit  of  a  r.'lr..sp.'Ctive  r.'vi.'W  of  tlios.^  .lays  .if 
li,'!.'.'  (.x.'it.'in.'iil.  «.>  .annot  Imt  ininnl.'  with  o.ir  |,ily  lor  s..in.'  iii.li- 
vidiials  whow.i.'  (M-osoribi'd  as  I'ncn.i.'s  1..  tli.'ir  .'.>nntry,  a  rcp'ol  lor  tlio 
severity,  an.l  s,,MU'liim's  gr..ss  injiistic,  will,  whi.'li  they  wor.'  IroaK'd. 
A  l.n.ad  .listi...'li.m  is  I.)  bi'd.awn  Im'Iw.'.'Ii  Ih.'  inl.'i'.'sk'.l  parti-^ans  of 
r.ivally  .'ii-a-.il  in  pr...|ilabl.'  trail.',  or  fawning  npon  th,'  r.'..r.'s.'iitativos 


(1II!<'M(  l.K    <>l'     llli;    Sli;(iK. 


12". 


orp(n^.l■,  ill  tlic  iHHii.  Mii.l  tlic'  piolV^M il  m.'ii  or  |iriv!ilc  ciliznis  in  llic 

r.uiMir;  .  «1„>  w.Tc  fuicLMl  to  alliiiiit.' with  tliciii.     There  wtTU  pcac'-loviii',' 
uikI    .'vrrv    wiiy    Miiuicl.'ss    (;.'mI1oiiu'I1    iiii.l    lailii's    sciitliMvd    ovrr   tli." 

l.roviMcc.  who.  on  l.cin^'  ron-lily  wait.Ml  npoii  hv  a  sfll-coti-liliilol  t i- 

Miittre  of  "Sons  of  Lil.cit>."  hcfran  by  simply  ol.jcctinu'  to,  -'nd  ''"i' 
resmlinii,    llic    cntr.hisinji    to    whi.'li    Ihcy    won-    siil.ji'>'l''.l.      ll"    any 
uttrranc..  or  overt  ael   on  the  part  of  sneh  persons,  indicalinir  a  la.l<  ol' 
synipa'hy  willi  llie  popular  niovnienl,  eonhl   !"•  diar-e,!  a-ain~t  tlimi, 
tiiey«vre  treated  with  threat   in.li-nity,  —  (heir  names  hein<r   po-I.Ml  as 
enemies  or  traitors,   th.'ir  honses   and  ■roo<ls  ritled,   or   their  d«cllin;.w 
helonled    hy    the   proeess   ealled,   -a   e.iatin-   of   llillshoron-h   paint." 
Threats  ot'  --tar  and  leiithers  "  were,  however,  imJie  (Veiinently  nttered 
than  eanied  ont.     A  very  humilialiii!,'  melh..d  was  enjoined  as  liie  con- 
dition of  full  or  prohationary  pardon  for  havinii  othnded  tlie  pe..ple.    The 
piMiilen'    must    fall    on   his  lufes  hefore  Ins   lownsm.^n.  and.  espres^inii 
deep  eontrilion.  implore  their  ror<,'iveness. 

When  tia-e  covenante.l  for  the  departure  of  tlie  inhahitants  ,,f  Boston, 
he  ashe.'  that  a  letter  slionld  !'.■  writt.Mi   hy  the   seleetmen.  to   Dr.  War- 
ren, at  Walerlown,  (h'sirinj:  leave  for  all  su.h  persons  in  the  eonntry 
towns,  as  init-dit  wish  to  do  so,  to  eome  unmolested  into  Boston,  with 
their  etfeels.     Til.'  I'rovineial  fon^ress,  r.spondiiei  to  the  supposed  fair- 
ness of  Ga-e,  on  April  ;!0,  as  above  .stated,  -ranfd   such   permi-ssion, 
and  .stationed  ollleers  at  the  Xeek  of  Boston  and  Cliarlostown  to  secure 
them  free  entrance.     Those  wretched  fn-itiN-'s  little   rcali/.ed  th.m  what 
th.-y  hud  yet  to  endure  from  their  exasperated  eountiyinen.  as  llie  odium 
in  which  "they  were  held  .vas  steadily  inteiisitied.  and  as  their  doom  was 
c.mllscath.n," humiliation,  expatriation  and  poverty,     dflen  did  many  of 
them,  even  from  their  pensioned  refu.^e  in  the  niother-cuintry  an.i  in  its 
wild  provinces,  send  back  longinij  laments  for  the  fields  ,  f  New  Kn-land. 
The  severest  hingmure  which  came  from  the  pen  of  Wa-liiniitou  was  in 
.lemmciation  of  the  Tories--"  those  execral.hM'i"''cides  whose  counsels 

and  aid  have  deluged  their  country  with  bloo.l."  I'rotesting  against  the 
treatment  they  had  received,  they  said  to  tlie  Whigs,  "  You  make  the 
air  resound  with  the  cry  of  liberty,  but  subjc.-t  those  who  dilfer  from  you 
to  the  humble  <'.mditioii  of  slaves,  not  permitling  us  to  act,  or  even  think, 
iiceo.ding  to  the  dictates  of  conscience."  The  only  rei)ly  Hn'.V  received 
11» 


4: 
I 


120 


(  iiKoNK  i.i;  <»K  Tin;  sir.cii:. 


was,  "■['III'  iiiajiiritv  in  a  fur  ^'i.v.tiiiiu'mI  iiiii-l  l"'ar  nil.',  'riinv  i-  an 
iiniiiiMi-.'  iiiiiJKri'y  for  lilMTly.  Vnii  laUc  ymir  siOc  — I'm'  Cailiiir  m- Iri- 
UMipli.'"  I'roMi  tlir  ..iii'iiiii;.'  or  llio  slnijzi;!^  Ilio  itohii  piumiMM  I.,  al! 
Tiirii's  SL'iMiiity  ami  i'()iiii"'ii>alinii. 


l.AHV    liaNKI.AM). 

Aiiioiij;  tlid-r  poi-oiw  liviiii;  in  tin'  (■(.nnliy.  wli.w  -\  ni|.atliirs  Inl 
thc'Mitosi'cU  till'  pri.tc.'lii.ii  ofthf  Hrili>li  (Icncral  I'V  a\ailiii'i  IIh'Mis.'I\cs 
of  l!u'  inivilcgos  <rnuitf(l  by  Con^'rcss  of  rcnicvini;  into  liosloii.  «ai  a 

lailv  wliiwo  caiccr  liml  mvU  I'lcincnts  ol'ioinanlir  iMlfrv>l  a<  l»  \<\- i>t  a 

special  rL'f"ri'ncc.  in  tlii.s  coinicclion,  to  licr  individnal  rxpriiciifi'. 

Th,'  iiiiiM  Inciativi' ciuwn  (illiw  in  lioston  in  tlif  Vfais  picccHlin^'  tin' 
onllncak  ol'  sliifc  was  that  ot'  the  CoUcdoi'  of  Hi''  C'nsld.nis.      I'lion-li 
the  salary  atlailicMl  to  it   was  but  iMOO,  llic  pi  rqnisit.'s  .>r  it  made  it 
very  pnilitablf  and  more  desirable  tban  that  nl'  ( InM^rnnr  ..{■  the  pmv- 
inee.     Sliirlev  made   interest   fc.r  llie  ('(illirtdrsbip.  bnl   liad   to  content 
himself  nitli  tlie  odlee  of  (unernor,  beeanse  lie  had  al   the  lime  a   more 
pouerbil  rival.     I'lns  rival  is  known  by  tin;  name  of  Sir  (  liarles  Mcnry 
KranUland.  <;ranilsoii  of  a  dan^'hter.  the  yoiin^iest   and  favorite  eliild.  of 
Oliv.'r  Cromwell.     He  was  born    May    10,   ITK!,  al    Hen-al.  wlu're   hi- 
father  was  r.'sidinL'  as  Oovernor  i>r  the   Kast    India  (ompaii,\'s  factory. 
In  1711,  in  his  tweiily-lifth  year,  he  was  made  ('olle<lor  <if  licpston.     His 
winning  and  eiiL'a!.'in!.' inaniUMs.  and  other  personal  cinalities,  made  him  a 
irreat  favoritr'  in  the  viee-re'_'al  soeii'ly  of  the  town,  and  lie  wa-   :i   L'cner- 
ons  patron  of  Kin-'s  Chapel  and    its   roetors,  and  of  Harvard  Colletre. 
He  had  with  him  a  natural  son,  a  little  boy  beariiiL,'  the  name  of  Henry 
Cromwell.     On   an   ollicial  visit   which   he   maih'  to  Marbldicad    in   the 
year  171-'.  hi-  attention  was  drawn  to  the  rustic  beanly  of  a  yunej:  ^drl 
of  sixleLMi   years.    A^rnes    Snrriage.    a   dani;hti'r   of    poor,    bnl    dcM-cnt 
parents,  who,  with  bare  feet  and   limbs,  was  sernbbinir  the  llo(,r  of  the 
inn.     lie  L'ave  her  half  a  crown  with  which  she  init;ht  l>ny  -hoes,     I  )n  a 
second  visit,  soon  after,  seeing  her  again  in  the  same  condition,  he  qnes- 
tione.1  her  about  her  shoes.     She  replied  that  she  had  bonght   a  pair,  but 
kept  th.-m   ■•  to  wear  to  meeting  Sundays."     S-emiiigly  cngacci  by  her 
charms  an.l  the  promise  of  what  she  might  be  m.adc  to  be.  l-rankland,  by 


.1 


(  i!i:i>M(  i.i;  III-    iiii;  >ii;<,i;. 


ciin  ..'Ml  ..r  lici-  liMifiils,  li:i<l  liiT  liiD.,  Itostiiii.  Ilinv,  mI  lii-  iA|.iiim'. 

til  ■.•(•(■L'ivi'  llif  lpi'»t  I'lliK'iitiiin  fiiji.Nfil  1  y  tlic  iLiiinl.tiT-i  (.fllu-  MiiMc.i  r;i.v 
of  tlif  lime  iiii'l  \>\<M-i'.  Fdiir  vi'iiis  iiCtrr  liis  lii>l  -\iiht  «.r  lirr  she  lu'.;iiin' 
n  liK'mliiT  of  hix  lioiiM'lmM  ill  !l  ii'lalidii  "liiili  liMil  liol  llic  ~!iiir'li,.M  (if 
lfjj;nl  or  rolijli""'*  nl<''<-  To  ivlii've  tliu  sciiikIiiI  «(  llml  nhitiuii  wliiili 
liTCVciitcd  this  eliiUl  of  ikivciIv  fioiii  ciij-isinj:  llu-  M.ciiil  pdMlioii  «lu- 
iiiiglit   liiivc  Imil  as  his   wife,  lie   i,iiirli:iMil,  in  IT.'i".'.  ii  l;irj^i'  ixl.iil  ..f 

bind  in  llir  lii«n  I'l'  lloiikinlnn.  lHi'nl\-li\r  niiirs  (Voni  llo>t hIidv   lir 

liiiill  :inil  fniiii^liiMl  Mini|iliiMnsl\  ;i  spiirion-;  ni.'inof-li'in-i-.  willi  ..ill-  ^ 
Imililinns,  jjiinlmi.  piirliH  iin.l  lini.  slirnlilicrirs,  iin.l  ulini'  li.'  lx.|.t  ;i 
ili./.rn  111-  Irti'n'v  t-l;ivc-.  lli'li'  In'  niMiiil:iinr.l  m  li..inili'..ils  lu.^piliilil y 
wliiK'  vi^iliim  l!.)-l..n  1.1  nllfinl  lo  lii-<  nlllriiil  .Inlii's.  'I'lini'  wiiv  iii:iny 
li)v;ilisls  in  llnpliinlim.  wlii'iv  lan.ls  Ini.l  Iu'imi  pnirliMM'.l  :ui.i  .-in  Kpi-.o- 
p:il   Climrli    plMiil.'.l  liy  li..i.'rf   I'ri.'.'.  III.'  nii.'..nirorHil.li'  ivrt..i- ..I'  Kiii-'s 

C'liiipi'l. 

Ilavinj;  <iri"i>iiin  l.i  visit  l''.ii;^l:iii.l  nil  l.n^ini-«>,  ill  IT'.I.  lii-  r:iiiiily  r..ii- 
nci-liiin.s  woul.l  n.il  n-i'..j;iii/<.  A^riu's.  «li'i  :Miiiiiip:nii.'il  him.  Ilr  »:i- 
n-suliiin  wilh  lii-r  tfinpoiiiiily  iil  I.i.'l»>n,  wh  ii.  ms  Iu' \mi.s  iliivin;.'  in  ;i 
i-iiniiiv'i'  with  imiitliri'  hiil\ .  lii'  «ii-*  Imiiril  I'm-  iii.nv  lli:in  mh  Imiir  iiilI.t 
tin- mills  of  II  iMlliii.,' liiiiUliii^' in  tin'  i;iTMt  r:iitli.|ii:ilvi'  «hii-li  di'-.. Intel 
Hint  rily  on  Nov.  1,  IT.'i.'i.  In  tin'  li.nr.iis  ..f  liis  .•.itinitioii  hf  hiiiinili'.l 
sonii'  of  liis  fiiiills  an.l  vi.Ts.  :iii.|  pi-nilciitly  n-olvnl  if  li'^  i-nipcl  .Inith 
to  miu'iiil  his  lifr.  \W\iv^  iv^iii.'.l  "ilh  .mly  -rvriv  luiiisi-s.  ho  look 
A^'iios  .'It  onr.'  to  .•■  I'liiii-.h.  vvlicii'  Hi.'  iiiiirii:ii;i'  liU'  was  sojniiiii/f.l 
bctvv.Tii  th.'iii,  whi.'h  was  s..on  iiltiT  rcpoiiU-.l  by  llif  .iKiphiin  of  tin' 
ship,  an  K|iisfopal  rlcrjiv  man,  as  tlii'y  wiTO  irlnniiii},'  to  Kn^daii.l.      His 

hiMli-l |Viriid>   now   hi'aitily   ircrivi'.l   the   ii-scii.mI   liii>l.,in.l   an.l    tin' 

li'gal  wif.'.  Kftinnini;  with  Iht  lo  lJo>toii_iii  IT.'if..  hi'  imii'liasi'd,  for  a 
towii-hoiiM',  Ihi' sph'iidiil  Clarlu'  mansion  in  Car.li'ii  Court  slivrt,  iii'Xt 
lo  (lov.  Iliiti'hins.iiiV,  still  ivtaiiiiiifj;  thi'  islati'  al  i:..|ikiiiton.  Tlio 
wiiliT  of  thi'si!  pit^'i's,  some  twi'iity-livi!  yrars  a.ixo,  vi-iti'.!  th.'  'im' 
I'oniiliy  maiioi' whi'ii  it  win  lu'i'iipii'd  l>y  Ihi'  wMow  of  (on.  Ilil.lri'tli, 
who  ilio.l  th-'iv  ill  1«'''7,  ill  hi'i-  I'ijility-i'itrhlh  \iar.  .^Iii'  sh.nvr.l  the 
vviitcf  a  chaniiMT  to  whiili  it  w.is  >.ai.l  KiaiiUlaii.!  Used  to  ntiii'  on  the 
annivi'isarv  of  his  ifsnii'  l'r..ni  tin'  raillninaUi'.  iiml  tln'iv,  wraiiii^'  Ilii' 
chilhi'S  from  whieli  the  marks  of  the  eatastrophe  lia.l  not   hei'ii   roiiiovi'.l, 


128 


(illMtMCI.K   ni'   TlfK    sii;(  K. 


krcp  Holcimi  I'iisI-cImv      Tlir  Ikhimc  whs  (lostroyeil  I'V  nii  iiciiilciitiil  firo 
in  1.h:..s. 

Alli'i-  iiiiollici-  vi>it  to  and  rrsidcncc  in  I.islinii,  ns  ConNiil  (ifncT.il. 
KriinklMnd  n-liinicd  lo  liu-lon  in  17(;:l.  Ili-<  I'uilinj?  Im'mIiIi  ludk  liini 
iifiiiin  to  Kn^diind  "illi  his  «il'e  nnd  llcni y  CiDniwcll,  hIiimi'  lie  dii'd  nt 
Bath,  in  \H'iX.  Lady  Ajfncs,  wilii  llio  lioy,  lii'isi'lf  cliildlis--,  lann'  liacli 
to  Ilopkinton,  nlifif  llic  year*  passed  quicllv  and  plcM-MUlly  till  Hit: 
f.ic;.'c  (if  Uiislon.  Of  ((inisc.  all  the  atlaclnni'Mls  of  licr  later  life  w't'ie 
with  lliiisc  whc  CIO  sinil  lip  in  tin;  ('"'•'i'^oncd  tdwii.  while  her  picscncu 
and  inl!n.ii'.'e  were  nil  oUt  nco  to  the  itiral  stocU  r!'  IlopUinlcm. 

In  answer  Id  her  'fipii'st  that  she  initiht  iniive  to  IJoston,  in  order  to 
cinliaiU  for  Knglaiid,  the  toniinittee  (jf  Safely,  on  Jlay  I'l,  1775,  "  I'pon 
the  ap|ili<"iliun  of  l.a^ly  KranUland,  Vnlnl,  that  she  have  lilierly  to  pass 
into  liostoii  wilh '.he  follow  in;i  iroods  and  artieles  for  her  voyaj;i',  viz.  : 
(',  trunk.;  1  ehesi  ;  ,'!  beds  and  lie(hlin^';  il  wethers;  L'  pi^'s  ;  I  small  kef; 
of  pickled  tonjiiies  ;  some  bay  ;  3  bags  of  corn  ;  and  sneh  otiier  goods  as 
she  tliinks  ]iro|ier." 

The  following:  permit  was  i;ranted  :  — 

"  7'ti  llii:  Cdloni/  (liiiiril:  — 

•' IVrmit  Laily  rrankliincl.  of  Ilopkinton,  with  her  altindanis,  jroods,  anil 
the  provisions  uliove  nionlioned,  to  pass  to  Iin>ton,  by  express  ordiT  of  the 
Committoe  of  Safety. 

"BENJAMIN'   CIIUUCII,  Jit.,  Chairman. 

"  lIi;Aii-Qi:.\Kir.i!S,  May  I's  177,i." 


Notwithstanding  this  I'lliiial  aetion,  an  armed  parly  in  the  town  of 
Ilopkinton,  or  on  the  way  to  IJoston,  under  the  lead  of  Mr.  Aimer 
t'raft,  resisted  the  lady's  rnnioval.  The  matter  coming  before  the 
I'lovineial  Congress,  on  May  l«th,  a  .'Oinmittee  was  appointed  to  impiire 
into  the  facts  of  the  case.  On  the  report  of  this  conimilli'i'  the  t'ongress 
••  Jlmt'ihxd,  that  Mr.  Abner  Craft  be,  and  hereby  is,  direele(l  forthwill. 
to  attend  this  Congress."  Afli'r  he  had  attendeil,  made  exphin.atioii  and 
withdrawn,  it  was  fnrtlier  ••  Jivsulcnl,  that  he  sbonid  be  gently  ad- 
monished by  the  presidint,  and  be  assured  that  the  Congress  were 
delormined  to  preserve  their  dignity  and  power  over  the  military." 


■^ 


rlll.'oVK  1.1,    ol'    TIIK    sIiaiK. 


I  J!  I 


"  Hvmiliiil,  'I'liiil   I.M'ly  l'i:iiikl:iiMl  lie  pc^i  iiiill.'il  !.);;•>  iiiln  1!<>>Ii>m  with 
till' ('(.llowiii'^'  iiiiidr-i,  vi/.:   ■..■M'li   liiiiilx.  Mil  IIh-  Ih'iN  iiml   riiniiliiii'   \» 

llu'lll.  nil  lllc  lll'M-i  mill  Cliltl'».  M  li:l-lil'l  "f  '■IlifUrll-*  !lll'l  il  '''''n'  "I"  ''"I"' 
l\\n  ll!MTcU  MIl.l  M  h.'IMI|irl',  tW.ihursrH  Mll'l  UK.  rlliliM'S.  Mli'l  :i'J  till'  lllli<l>'.H 
ill      tllC      rluii-r.     IMM'lltilljr      llilllS      !IImI     Mlllli iliuli:       Hill'      pIlMC'ton,     sOIIlt! 

toii^iifs.  iiiiiiis  .■iml  vcai.  •..ii.liy  Hliiall  Iniiicllr^.  Wliii'lj  aitii'lcs,  liMviii',' 
liccii  cxniiiiiinl  h.V  M  i'(.iiiliur  .•  rrniii  llii-  Coii'^nvs,,  -In'  is  iH'iiiiilh'il  t>. 
Iiiivi'  lliciii  ciiiriiMl  ill.  «■  :ii.'  1  :iiiy  rmllifi- cMiiiiiiiMliiiii." 

On   Ihr   Ml'Xl    ll:i\-.   (   >ll.    linNil     willl    11  ^IIMIll  ipf   -^ix    lllfll.   W;i-i    ll|l|lciillU'.l 

to  csiM.it  ll  V  l;i  ly  -lilu  liiTi'tli'cIs  t.i  I'.o-loii, -.li.nviiii.'  Ii'  <  ii-li.Tiil  'I'lioiiiu-', 
lit  till    liilf*.  11  n)|jv  Ol'  till'  irsi  lives. 

Sill'  tixik  rel'iijic  l('m|i.iiiirily  ;il  Iht  lioii^e  mi  (  ImIiIiii-i'ihiiI  sin'el,  Iroiu 
wliicli  slipwitiiesscil  Sdim  dl'tlie  linnms  nl'lln'  IJnlllciil  Cliarlrsln^  n  iiii.l 
llic  C.iiill.i'^lMliiili.  She  '.'MM-  lic-r  sciviecs  to  tin-  liili-iiiir  nl"  s.iiiH- 
of  till'  wollllili'il.  Slio  llVllilnl  liclseir  df  111.'  lilsl  o|)|in|lllllily  lo  siiij 
Willi  Ili'iin  Cnuiiwi'll  Cor  Kii-l;iiiil.  wiieir.  :l  llie  :i.;i-  "I"  5",  slit-'  <lie'i,  in 
IT.s:;.  M  \cMr  Ml'lir  ^lir  li;iil  Inline. I  a  ^I'.ninl  ii!:irii,'iL;i'. 


"* 


I!I;N.!VMIN     ni.lMl'-DN.    ((IIM'    IMMIOKI). 

.\ii.illi.T  iiiilivi.liuil,  wlii.wii-.  .lesliii.'.l  to  iilt.'iiii  a  w.ii-l.l-wJlc  I'liim' as  ii 
pliilaiillii-oiiist  aii'l  a  man  ol'  >.i.'iie.'.  appeals  in  a  tryiiii;  ami  soiii.'wiial 
I'lpiivocal  position,  aiii.iiii.'  Iliose  v\lio  at  this  time  t'oiiiid  n'l'ii'^i'  in  lio~toii. 
Horn  as  tli.'  son  of  a  lariiwr  in  Woliiirn.  in  17J3,  sliinvin^^  IVoiii  his 
oaiiii'st  y.iiilli  soiiio  of  lli.'  .[.lalilics  of  ^.■iiiiis,  lU'iijaiiiiii  riioTupsoii, 
while  teiu'liiiifi  si'ho./i  in  C.me.inl,  N.  II..  lia.I  niMrrie.l  a  ri.'ii  wiil.nv. 
hail  lis.ii  in  his  s.icial  r.'lations,  ami  r.'.'.'iv.'.l.  just  li.'for.'  tin'  opeiiiiii:  of 
hoslilili.  s,  a  military  eoinmissioii  from  the  royal  ^i.ivt'nior  of  New  Ilaiiip- 
shire.  Ik' had  eoiiie  under  .siispi.'ioii  at  C.ineor.l  lor  lory  proi'livili.'s. 
aii.l  li.'ini,'  ill  tr.'at.'.l  iml  tlireaten.'.l  there  had  -oie.'!!'  nfiiLre  in  his 
unlive  plaeo  at  Wolmrii.  Mass.  Here  li.'  Iia.l  li.'eii  eoiilin.  ■!.  and,  after 
a  pulilic  examination,  tin'  Coainiitti'.'  of  ('.irr.'s|ioii.l.'iiee  of  that  town 
had  neither  aeipiitleil  nor  eoinh'tinied  him.  i  le  tli.'iefor.' appi'al.'d  t'.  the 
Committee  of  Safety  for  ;>  full  and  fair  trial,  and  an  lu.iioralih'  .lis- 
charge,  alleging  that  his  p.'rsoiial  saf.'ly  and  r.'iiiitati.ni  .I.'|»'ii.l.'il  upon  a 
thorongh  and  impartial  investigation   of  '.h;.'  .•haiges   against   hini.     Tlu! 


130 


nnioxui.r.  oi-  tiik  sn-.(;K. 


onlv  r...T.-nili,M,  <,f  Lis  cnso  on  tho  rrcor.ls  of  tl,r  rrovin.'iMl  Congress, 

is  UM.I.T  .li.lo  or  Mi.y  20  :   "  Th."  V'tition  of  \Wnpm\n  Tl.o.ni.son  to  tlio 

C'ominilt.'o  of  Suf.'lv  was  rc.'.a.  :n,.i  unlviv,!  to  sul.si.l..." 

■n„.  vnuim  ,um.  liM-cml   ,nvlnl..  nU.nt    Cmnbri,!-.'    :..k1  Charlrstown. 

,,„1  ,..kea  .M»..«vssfMll.v  for  :.  cMm.niissiou  an.l  .i,ii.lovn...Mt  ii.  th.-  .•uniy 

lliat  was  fonninur.      IIo  ,li,l  -ood  service  in  liolpin-  to  rcnnovo  tl,.'  Hilary 

,,„,  apparatus  nf  tl...  mlloi:...      At  la.t.  ..liMOTin,.!  anU  irritatr.l.  l.o  «i'nt 

o,r  to  Nowp...!.  frnn.  wlm-l.  l.o  fonu.l  passa-c  to   Boston.     Th.r..  Im-  so 

in-M'atialr,l   l.in>s..lf  with  tl,.'   royalists,  that,  at   th.'    ..vacnation.   1,0   was 

s..,,tl.v(o„.  ll'-v-wilh.l-pal.hrs   for    I.onI   doot-o  fimnain-.  nndor 

Hl„„„'h,'   l..'.^,M,.  s,.r,ela,-y   in   the  ,U.,mrtn,.„t   for  tl,.'  Anior,...,,  war. 
Tl,..>o  oount,v  t, .  i,.s  lbM,„l  in  nnston  son,..  lVllow.snlH.r...-s  more  or  loss 

oons..ionti.,us  than  ,1,- ,„s..lv..<.  a„.l  oith-.r  by  s,.llisl.  int.'n.st  or  tl,o  tmvo 
of  associations  lirn,  a.lho.vnts  „f  ,1„.  n.yal  si.lo.  Th.'so  wore  suol,  .,t 
„,,,,„„„,iii,.,.sasl,a,lar,.,.,,t.Mltl„.  ..Ill.'O  on  alM>ointmont  ,.r  con.n.an.i 
.,,■„„.  Uinu  in  ..,.nt,av..„Ii..n..f  tl,o  lV..vin.v  Cha.tor ;  orown  ..llio.als. 
.,,,,1  ,Hoir  ,,a>lisan<,  wit),  thoir  fan,ili..s,  inl..,rslo,l  in  tl.orovonno  an.l  ,n 
s„,,,,lvin"  tho  arn,v  ;  a  IVw  n,..„-l,an.s  an.l  tra.U.s.  an.l  a  o.,tori..  ..f  suoh 
.,s  f„l'l..u..,l  tho  fashions  „f  ,1,..  tin„.s.     Sn.'!,  us  thos...  will,  a   l.'w  t,n„.l 

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,. ,v,,,s  ,,f  tho  p,r"i-- —••'-'''■  "I- ""I"'"' -'''''■'^' "" 

i„,n,tos  ..f  tho  Harris,,,,,  ^^o.n..  of  th..  patrimi,.  ...nnant  lu.pt  a  wat,'!,- 
,-„l  ,.vo  on  what  was  transpirin-  ur.,,.,,.!  ll,.'-„.  a„.l  „pon  th,.  plans  ol  11,.. 
„,„„■„.  „„lui,hi:r..at  ri>U   o,m,nn,„i.at..,l  valnahlo    infor,„at,on    U,   iho 

I  lirijihl  y.aith.  or  a   boUl  man.  woul.l 


hosiojiors  onlsi.le.     Oooasionally  a 

worli  his  way  fioni  th.'  town  to  tho  patriot  camp. 


|-|l!l'.    IN    IWISTON. 
1„  the  .nhlst  .,f  all  .ho  ,li,otul  t,ials  att,.mling  tho   l..avin^   Koston  by 

so,nanvofitsp..oplo ..„r,v,l   .ho  ,.al ity  of  a  .lisast.ms  oonilapa- 

,i„„,  .„;  W..,l„o.lay.  .1,..  17th  ,.'•  May.  A  pa.-.y  of  soUlics  w..,-o  l..ml. 
,.„„  ,,,„,i,,.os  in  a  >...,o  us..,lasaba,Taokontl,oso„ths„lo.,rthe 
,„;„.U...U.wh..  .,vs„n,oa,.,.;.h.n..ho..a,-.,hl.osi,nit,.a.<o„„„h,v,.. 
U,..sto,v.  Tho  llan,..~  ~l-a.l  raphUy.ill  s,„„o  thirty  wa,vh..„s,.s  ami 
,,,,Ulinusworo  .U.st,■,,yo,l.in^,,l^i,,.   n,,,..h   valaablo   p,-..p,.,'.y.iM..lo.hn. 

son>o  of  tho  ,|.,mUions  that  ha.l  b..o„  s..nt  ...  tl,o  p.,or  ...  l!.,ston.        1,0,0 


.. 


(I 


llMiMCI.K  oi"  'I'l'i'   >ii:(.i'.. 


1:M 


i„.,,.,-.oofU,..soiau.,-s.wl,o,U,ln,>,    1 1 „,„.,.   .l,>m.  :n„l...l 

,n..nv.nN  t,.  -Mil  in  th..  ai.l  .f  thociU.-n-.  InM.M.l  ..f  nn.inu  ll,.  Lolls 
...  „.„.l  „„  MM  ul:n„,.  ,1...  s„Mi..,~  l...:U  n„.  n.ll-all.  Tl.n.  « :.  a 
f„„lW,  n.n.or  .lK,l  tiic  Wuius  in  Hi,,  tnuu  iKi.l  Mt  .1,,.  In... 


. 


lii 

ill! 


CAIiK    ri'l!    A   riVII.    (;il\  T.ltN.MKN  T- 
(!o,u.ral  Oaue  >v.s  now  no  l.-n.-r  .lu.  Cov.rnn,  „f  M,..u-lu,.e,t,   so 
r„.  .,.  nnv  m.o^niz..a  antlH.ritv  ov..,-   it^  1-opl"  "-  i-n^.vu.^l     Hw 

..„n,M,.na:.  ovUt.  .n,l  ,n ,.,„:,.io„.  u-,,.  lin,il,..l  „■  .1,-.  n-H.' P-uM.sMla 

of  Boston.     Tho  l-mvinn.l  Con.n.ss.  .,  W.U-.own.  in  M.n  .  .v^.h-.  . 
„,.t    bv  his  .rMtnu'v  n.nrs,..  1,.  Und  .lisqn.lillcl  hin>s..lf  to  >.rv..  tl..  ..nl- 

.,„v,~'(:ov,.n>o,-.o,inunyotl„.r...|.:M.l,v;.h:,t> lu.,U..M<.,.  w:.s  ,1,,..  to 

,,i,;,  .„.  l,is  i„o,.h,n,:.lions.  :n„l   .h:,t  U-  .houM  he  rr<^.uM  us  :.n  nnnnt,,- 
,  ,„„1  i„v..t..rMl..  nu.n>v  to  ,b,.  ..ountvv.     Tl„-.v  ,v,.oMnn..M.Ir,l  Ih..  towns 
,1  ,listm-ts  to  dK.os,>  l!..,,n.M.nt:itiv...  tor  .  (i.nrral  A--.H,l.ly  at  W  a- 
ter  own.  .miv  n>.  o,,..nol  a  s„l,s-nptiou  to,  a  loan  to  1,..  ,.onnni..,..l  to  a 

Troasn.....  or  tUci,.  own.  who  ai~|.la....a   th.   Kind's,  at.l  appoint.a  May 
11  for  a  tlav  of  rastinji  ana  prayi'i'. 

■nuM-..  is  a  si^nili.anc.  in  th..  worain^  an.l  ....ut..nts  of  tl,.'  snecess.ve 
nr..elan,ath.ns  issn.,1  by  th..  ITovincial   ana  ( ■ontin..ntal  (•..ng.-..ss..s  t.,r 
.lavs  of  s.,l..n,n   n.liui..ns  obs,.,-van-...  KaM  ana  ThanUs^ivin^.  n.arkn,^ 
,1,;.  „,,.,|nal  wanin-.,f  th.'   MnlinH.nl  of  h.yally.  or.  at  h'ast.  ol   th..  .-n- 
nn-ssi.,n  ..f  it.     Th..  n.att,.>.  ana   ,,lnas...,logy  of  th.-s..   papofs  w,..-..  ..v,- 
,,.,„„v  Mnai.a   with  oar...     Th,.y  w.T..  not  pfepaml  by  .l..>-ynn.n.  in.t 
,,v  la'v  ..onuniltc.s.      In  th..  pro.lan.ation  by  whi..h  th..  Provincial  Con- 
.M...ss"  h-.a   ■,,,p..o-..a   Man.h  1.;  f...-  a    l-'ast  .lay.  th..  Divino  bU.,>in-  is 
i,„,,h.r,..l  t..  ••  ,.st  npon  G...n-p.  th..  Thinl,  <.nr  ri..a,tfnl  Kin.^^  an.l  npon 
.,,1  ,h..  n.val  fanulv."      In  ih..  prochnnati.m  whi.h  ai,poi,U..a  May  11  to- 
„,,  sanH."sa..r..a  obs.Tvan..,..  th..  lact  is  rcco^ni....!  that   '■  the  New  Knt;- 
,,„„,  ,,.,l.,„i..s  a....  n..ln»..l  to  th..  nn^M.at..fnl  alt..rnativ..  .>f  a  tanu<  snbnns- 
sion  to  a  Stat.,  of  absolnto  vassalaj:.>  to  th..  will  of  a  a,.sp.,ti,.  nnn,st..r." 
.,,  of  nu.,.tinjl  th..  ,lir..  n.c...ssi,y  by  anns  in  s,ara..h.n,....     Th..  s..n.itn..nt 
.,f  h,v.aUv  bt...atla.s  only  th..  p.-titi..,!.  "  that  th..  p....ploof  Great  lir.tam 
..„a  Ihei.- rulers  tnav  have  their  eyes  open  to  aiseern  the  things  that  shall 


V.V2 


(  lir.DMfM'.    OF    TlIK    SrF.CK. 


niiilic  for  IHWC'-  etc.     A-uiii,  <in  a  iviioit  cf  n  coinmitlo.'  i.ppoint,'.!  (o 
l.ropm'c  a  ri'solvc  for  ii  Fast   day  nii  .Ii.ly  1:!.  an  ainriiiliii.'iit  was  volc.l 
for  intro(liiciii;_'  a  petition  for  a  "blessing  on  tlie  Continental  Congress." 
and  a  prayer  for  tlic  '•  nitily  of  tlio  eol.mies."     On  .Inne  >'•-'  llie  proclama- 
tion was  onee  more  reeonimitled  for  an  amendment,  and  -'Sly.  Wel.stor 
and  Deaeon  Fisher"  «vre  ad.led  to  the  eommittee.     AVliei"  the  proclama- 
tion goes  forth,  llie  "  crnelly  and  l.arl>arity  "  of  the  two  recent   assanlts 
are  emphasized,  l>nt   neither   Varliament   nor    King  finds  a  place  in  the 
prayers,      lint   afler   llie   appoinlmeni   of   the    da> .   its   ol,s,.,vance   was 
snpcrseded  by  a  proelamalion  in  which   the  Conlin.'ntal  Congress  had 
designated  .Inly  -'(I  ••  as  a  day  of  pnblic  hnnnlialion.  fasting  and  prayer" 
for  "the  inhabitants  of  all  the  Knglish  colonies  .m  the  continent."     In 
this  a  blessing  is  in\'okcd   npon   "onr  rightful  sovereign,  KingCeorge 
the  Third,"  and  a  reconcilialion  is  jiraycd  lt)r  "with  the  parent   State, 
,,„  terms  conslitntional  and  hom.rable  to  both."     The  varying  phraseob 
ogy  of  these  ilocnments,  by  which,  in  good  tiine,(iod  was  asUcil  to  bless 
;ind  save  ••the  I'eople."  instcail  of  ■■the  King,"  was  a  matter  of  ..b~crva- 
ti,m  and   .■riticism   in    Kngiand.     The  circulation  of   the  proclam.ations 
into  all  the  t.Avn-.  fiom  the  pidpits  of  the  chnrches  of  which  they  were 
read,    followe<l   by  ob.servances   in   the    ass.  niblies   and   the   honses,  was 
Olio  of  the  best  medinms  of  sympathy.  iiUbienee  and  cnlidcncr  between 
the  tentative  g.ivcrnment  of  the   province  and  the  people.     That    tenta- 
tive government  »as  idlowcd  .and  reeogni/ed,  nn.ler  the  ,'mergcnc\ .  till 
it  conhl   find  conlir.nation  and  exercise  anthority  b\  organi.'  provisions 
unci  sanctions. 

The  following  is  the  reply  of  advice  and  instruction  given  by  the  Con- 
tinental Congress  ill  reply  to  the  call  from  Massaclm.sett.s,  on  May  lli, 
for  direction  in  the  mailer  of  civil  go-.crnment  :  — 


i 


'•  In  CoNoiii'ss,  l-'riday,  -Imn'  ',i,  177.'). 
"  Jle.sobMl,  That  no  obedience  iM'ing  .Ine  to  the  .Act  of  Parliament  for  alter- 
ing the  Charter  of  the  Clony  of  .Massa.'Imsells  Hay,  nor  to  a  governor  or  Lion- 
tenant-fe.vernor  wh.i  will  not  observe  the  directions  .,f,  but  ..mleavnr  to  sub- 
vert that  (  harlcr,  the  Cnveninr  and  l.iciilmant-tlovernor  are  to  be  eonsUlered 
as  absent,  and  these  olliees  vacant.  .Vnd  as  Ihere  is  no  Comical  ther.^,  and  the 
i,K.,mveni..nees  arising  from  tln^  sn~p.n-ion  of  ihc^  ,,..wer>  ot  CcvernmcMt  are, 
intoh^rable,  espc'cially  at  a  time  when  (Icii.ual  (lag,,  lialh  actually  Icvic.l  war. 


CHKONK  I.K    OK    TllK    SFKCK. 


1:5:5 


ami  is  i-arrvinjr  on  lin'stililios  nnr^ii'isl  liis  Majpsfy's  ppacoaMn  and  loval  sub- 
jects ol'  lliat  colony:  that  In  onli'r  to  conform  as  near  as  may  be  to  the  spirit 
and  substance  of  the  C'liailcr,  it  be  recommended  to  the  Provincial  Congress 
to  writer  Letters  to  the  Iniialiitants  of  the  Several  I'laees  which  are  entitled  la 
representation  in  Assemlily,  re.iueslinj,'  them  'o  choose  sucli  representatives; 
and  lliat  the  Assembly  wlicti  chosen  slioiilil  dec't  Coiinsellors,  whicli  Assem- 
bly and  Council  should  exereisi!  the  Powers  of  tiovernmcnt,  until  a  (iovcrmir 
of  his  Majesty's  Ai)pointnient  will  consent  to  govern  Die  Colony  according  to 
its  Charter. 


'  A  true  copy  fri'iu  the  Minute 
'  l!v  orihr  of  the  Congre^ss, 


•CIIAIU.I'.S    rilOMl'SON,   Sir'rij. 
"JdllX    IIAXCOCK,   /Vvs/'^h/." 


^ 


A  copy  of  this  I'csiilve  was  sent  to  the  Seleclm,  :■  of  each  of  the  towns 
(if  the  province  to  ilireet  tin'  clicice  of  Kein'i'sentati\  es  I'or  a  Provincial 
Congress  to  be  cnnvened  al  Waterlown  on  duly  I'.'.  'I'lie  exiled  citizens 
of  Boston  Were  -uniuioncd.  by  their  Town  Clcik.  to  meet  at  Coiu'oril  on 
,Iulv  l''^.  lo  clioose  llicir  represenlalivcs. 

Wlial  is  ;,uid  in  the  preceding  Address  concerning  the  |ieeiiliar 
characteristics  (if  the  iiirKMal  papers,  circulars.  ap|ieals  and  otlu'r  docu- 
ments to  lie  clas^ilicd  umler  tlu'  general  ti^nn  of  •■  Slate  jiapers,"  as  all 
relating  to  public,  interests,  and  iiassing  between  n>prcsenlative  oi 
administrative  bodies,  might  be  richly  ilUislrateil  if  there  were  space  l.jr 
it  here.  The  reader  of  a  mass  of  those  paiiers  will  lie  led  lo  wonder 
where  and  how  the  writers  of  them  attained  tlu'ir  .skill,  felicity,  acute- 
ness.  and  extraordinary  sagacity  and  discrelion  in  the  composition  of 
thi'iu.  We  can  account  for  llie  sli iking  aliilily  nianife-led  liy  dohii 
Adams.  f,.r  instance,  in  this  direction,  partly  by  nalive  genius  and 
intelleetnal  foice,  .-ind  parlly  I'y  his  diligent  study  of  every  woik  on  law 
and  governmeni  on  which  ln'  <'ould  lay  his  hamls.  llul  Ihe  astoni-ling 
fertilily.  aeulcncss  and  di^criniinidion  of  his  kiu-iuau.  Samuel  Adams, 
liallle  any  easy  explaiuitiori.  Vet  it  is  noi  only  in  llio^e  pa|iers 
which  emanated  from  the  most  conspicuous  patriots  and  leadi'rs  lliat  wo 
trace  the  lemarkable  ciiaracleiislii-;  mure  or  los  cummon  and  im- 
pressive in  all  of  them.  The  pulilicaliou  of  a  large  number  ol'  the  local 
histiiries  of  the  oldia-  town-,  of  .Massaehiisi'lls  has  set  before  any  one 
12 


i:!l 


CIIIIONK  l.i:    OK     I'lIK    SIKI.K. 


iiildotcil  1(1  |.iii>uc  till'  iiii|iiify  :i  viihiiiiiiiiMi-i  inM>-  (pf  reports,  inslriu'- 
tiniis.  ■nvinn.Mil-  luid  cMiiii-rl--  ivlalinL:'  to  tlir  icvoliili..ii:in-  cikh'Ii, 
wiilli'M  li\-  iliili\iilu:ils  1)1-  cniiilililtcrs.  :i~  ui'  IiiMV  Mlliiii-t  MIV,  siiiiplv  l>y 
till'  liuht  of  iiiitiiiL'.  ImiI  cxliihitiii'/iiiiMliliis  of  ii'mI.  |uililieiil.  sliitcsiiKiiiliUc 
iiliilily.  The  lr;ui>r<iMli'iil  inllucurr  \\lii,-li  I  )i''l'("'iiiic\  illc'  .-o  lii^'irn- 
iiiL'lv  M"iuii.'.l   to    Nfvv    Kn-laiMl    louii-iiicclinjis  in   iiisiiiiitinir.  ^.nrhliiig 

iuiil   IciiiliiiL'  to  M  siiccf>.>nil   i>sii( I-  ^'iv,-il    ri'VoliilioiiMry  Ntni;_'i!l<'.  "ill 

UmiI  full  i-oiiliriiiMlioii  in  iiortions  ,.f  llu'  coiitcMls  of  IIhm'  town  lii>tori.'s. 

Jt  WMs  hiiidly  stniu-r  tluit.  Mt    tlic  liiiic  tlir  I'.iitish  iiiiuistry  n\\<\  l':irliii- 

iiiriil  slioiild  liMvi'  Inrii  so  iiiystilicil  iiml  ikt|.1>'mi1  I'ytlie  iv:il  iiatnic  and 

lilii'noim'iKi  of  a  lioslon  or  a  New  l-'.ii^laiid  tow  n-iiic.'liii-.     'I'liiy  wcic  iii- 

diueiioiis  im.dnrts.  >,.lf-c\oUod    nu'thods.  dcv,-loi.Micul--    IVoni  the    soil. 

lial.its  and  eiivnnislan.rs  of  llio  New  Knizland  poojile.     V.iy  in;4fnioiis, 

Ifiit  lianllv  siic(cs~fnl.  ollbrls  hnw  lii'iai  made,  liy  ar(lia>ol..-iial  and  aiiti- 

(luanan  c-Myi-t-..  to  liaiv  Minilar  and  |iarallrl  institutions  in  tlir  ilrnioc- 

racicsofanrinil  ( ;nTC<'.  and  in  the  nnnuri|ialilies  of  sonio  iiortions  of  the 

Kiii'oiican   enntinrnl.      I'.nt   they  uciv  snli-taiilially  oiij^inal  and  nnicine 

hriv.     Kvcn    m   ihrotli.r  clonics  of  tho  (.•ontinml.  as   in   tlir  .loisrys, 

Mi.iUand,  Vii-inia   and    llio  C'arolinas.  cuiinlifs.  and   what   wci'c  called, 

as  now.  in  Loiii-iana.  •■  iiarislics."  wliicU  involved  a  dillci'cnt    innnici|ial 

adiiiini-ti-ation.    w<tc    fonnd     to    lie    an     ciiiliai  ras-nicnl     in     iicrfcclini: 

nicasnic-  that  weic  casil\  ilisi,.,,-cd  in  the  Now  Kn-hmd  touns. 

The  reader  innst  exercise  his  own  inueniiity  in  his  iiioiali/.in.i;-  or  sjice- 
iilatinjr  upon  the  contents  of  onr  Stal.>  [lapers.  in  thai  one  niaiUed 
chaiactdistic  of  them.  —  theii-  avowals  ,.f  a  tiaic  loyally  to  the  Kin;i  of 
(iivat  Hrilain  in  spite  of  a  deliance  of  all  his  nieasures,  and  a  resistance 
of  all  his  aecnts.  Those  papers  appro\innite  as  nearly  as  was  ever  yet 
n.ali/.cd  to  a  fonntain  which  sent  forth  at  the  same  plac.^  "  liolh  sweet 
waters  and  liitlcr."  (Wn.  r.ur.e;oyne,  who  seems  to  have  occupied  some 
of  his  literary  lei-urc  here  in  rcadinjr  sncli  papers,  wrote  of  them  to  Lord 
N.irth  ;  •■  It  is  moic  than  prol.alile  the  r.dicls  will  hi'  as  niiieli  averse  to 
trnst  their  caiisc  to  fair  di-,iais>i,,ii  as  to  the  fair  Held.  Distant  sUinnish. 
amhnsh.  cntr.auhinenl.  concealment,  are  what  Ihey  depend  upon  in 
di'liale  as  in  arm^." 

Had  it    lieen  practicaMc  for  one  or  more  inemliersof  the  I'lrilis..   miii- 
istrv.  at  the  time,  to  lia\e  lic'cn  present  at  a  town-ineolin.ii,  somewhere  in 


<  IIKONK  [.K    OK    Tin;    Sir.l.K. 


135 


tilt'  inti'iiiir  nl'  till'  iiroviiicc.  in  wliii-li  tlic  iirrMV  ami  cii-itiiiiirs  nf  the  cili/.cii-i 
dill  iKit  L'ivi'  tdlii'ii  of  iiiiirli  (li'iiciidi'iici'  M|)(iu  lirmiilcldtli  nv  the  t'lilor'.s 
skill.  Ill'  WDulil  pfolialily  linvi'  I'oiiinl  equal  aiiiu-iciiiciit  ami  iiisli-iiclioii  in 
siMilyiii'/  till'  sc-i'iu'.  .Mi'ii.  iMiiiilicm'd  and  liardfiii'd  liy  ti'il  and  i'\|in>un', 
W(inld  have  >1io\vm  liirn  oriLiinal  sin'oinicns  nC  lliu  native  trainint;,  in  ni;.'- 
ijedness  (if  iiide|ieiidenee  in  ideas,  in  natnral  vi<;(>r  of  ininfl,  and  in  the 
power  of  eNl)re-si(in  and  eoni]"i<itioii.  ii^iiiu:  eerlain  iilnTties  <!(' tlii'ir  (j\vn 
ill  i;raiinnar,  |ironiineiation  and  spellin:,'.  And  it'  any  one  slionld  tldiik 
it  worth  his  while  to  di'j;esl  all  the  vohiinimiiis  patriotii'  papers  of  those 
da\s  to  ha  e  tlii'ir  pilli  and  marrow  c. I'  nieaniiej;  liel'ore  him.  he  wonld 
llijil  that  till' revolt,  oC  the  New  I'',nL.daiid  enlonies  espe<'ialiy.  [iroceedi'd 
upon  three  wcdl-iimler-tond  po-itions,  as  I'aels: — ■ 

First.  That  these  colonies  were  mil  planted  hy  the  eiilerpii>e.  or 
under  the  patriinaiic  oC,  the  la-ow  n  of  Kniiland,,  unr  favored  and  fostered 
hv  fi>i-ei<:ii  sympalhy  or  aiil  in  their  early  straits  ;  hut  wi're  ventures  ol'  a 
stern  and  earnest  company  of  self-pxiled  men  and  wdiiieii.  at  their  own 
private  eharui's  and  ri-k.  and  •'  a'  they  lieeame  what  they  grew  to  lie, 
heeiuise  they  wa-re  not  luirsliugs  of  court  and  I'arliamenl. 

Sn-oHil.  That  these  colonies  tirst  drew  the  interest  and  sn>pieion  of 
the  molliiT-ci'iintry.  not  from  any  regarcl  to  their  own  welfare,  hut  that 
1he\  miglil  be  sidlUhly  turned  to  her  account  and  aggrandi/.emeiit.  so 
that  her  inlerfenaiee  with  them  was  oppressive  and  tyrannical. 

'I'liinl.  'I'lial  Ihi' royal  and  |iarlianientary  sway  over  the  penph' of  these 
colonies  involved  the  railii'al  iui(inity  of  holding  them  hy  more  rigid 
lianis  than  were  imiKjsed  upon  their  own  islamlers  to  the  obligations  of 
Knglishinen,  while  deiiieil  the  full  rights  of  Knglishmeii. 


f 


IIAKVAIill    idl.l.iaii;    AMI    i'VMIlKIDid:. 

It  i-  an  iuteroliiig  fact  that  the  Cnllege.  planted  in  the  wilderness  hy 
till-  lii'-l  comp.auy  of  lOnglish  colonists  in  the  Hay  of  Massaehusotts, 
should  have  been  the  scene  and  the  centre  of  the  o.arlii'st  warlike  oiiera- 
tions  for  the  defence  of  the  colony,  l-'roni  hei  plain  halN.  and  I'rom  the 
care  and  training  of  such  iiistrm-turs  as  the  resonna's  of  the  time  and 
place  could  furnish,  had  gone  forth  some  of  the  foremost  of  the  local 
patriot-,  and  the  jiailmiM  of  the  spirit   which  w.is  rising  in  tlie  laud    had 


130 


CIIKONKI.K    1)1'    TIIK    S1K(.1-; 


pinliiptl'il  ;ill  illi|lli-itoli:ll  inVfsliHMlioll  into  tllr  pnlilicill  views  dl'  lirr 
Hil:irili:iM-i  iiii'l  inlininislialiirs.  Tlir  lifsl  I'lTOLMiilinii  of  lln' t'nllfLTc-  in 
till'  tMJsis  wliic-h  hail  now  opi'iicd  :i1(Miiu1  it  hsis  in  ;i  petition,  by  llio 
jiltiTWMids  eminent  enjiineer,  llien  Major.  Loamnii  lialihvin,  adilresseil  to 
tlie  I'lcvineial  Con^'iT-;,  .Inne  C.  177.''.  ivpn-eiilint;  ■•  llial  (leneial 
Waril  li;el  aiipioved  of  ii  pruiiosal  for  taliini:  .-iiivcy-.  of  tlie  erounil 
lielwern  llie  eaniii  of  the  Massaolnisett>  .'iiniy  ami  llie  posts  of  llie 
r>ritisli  Irnc.ps.  anil  reiiuesteil  tlie  loan  <'!'  niatlieinatieal  insliniiieiits  from 
the  appaialiis  of  Ilarvanl  College,  to  lie  il-e.l  in  the  exeeiitioii  of  this 
serviee."  The  Congress  ordered  thereupon,  that  the  l!i'V.  rresident 
l.aiiiidon     he    recjiiested     to    loan    siK'h    instriinienls    for     the    public 

service. 

Two  da\s  before   the  battle  in  Charlestown.  on   the   report  of  a  coni- 
niill.e  to  whom  the  business  had    been   referred,  the   following   careful 
pro\isioii  wa>   maile   by  tlie  t'oiciic-s  :   ••Whereas,   it    is  expedient    that 
those  apartnienls  iiillar\aid   Hall,  under  the   immeiliale  charge  of  the 
Professor  of  riiilosophy  and  Librarian  of  Harvard  Colh-v,  be  evacuated. 
/iV.Ww/,  That   the  library,  apparatus,   and   oilier  valuables  of  Harvard 
College,  be  removed  as  .soon  as  may  be  to  the  Town  of  .\ndovcr."  —  a 
committee  being  designated  "to  consiiU  with  tin'  Uev.   I'residenl.  the 
lion.  Mr.  Winthrop  [Professor],  and  the  Librarian,  i  r  such  of  ihem  as 
iiiav  be  conveniently  obtained,  and  with   tlii'in  to  engage   some  siiilable 
person  la'  (leisons  in  said  town,  to  transporl.  receive,  and  take  the  charge 
of  the  above-mentioned  ellects,"  —  great  care  being  taUen  in  the  paeU- 
iiig.  rcnioxiiig.  and  s;ife  Iransfcr  of  the  arliclcs.  the  charges  to  lie  borne 
by  the  public.     It  appears,  by  a   n^solve  on  .Inne  2:},  that  there  was  a 
delay  in  I'.arrying  out   this  arrangement.     The  future  Count  Riiml'ord, 
tiieii  liinianiiii  I'lioiiipson.  at  the  age  of  twen'y-two,  showed  his  interest 
in  science  by  volunteering  his  aid  in  Ihe  removal  of  the  CoUi'go  |iro[ierty. 
A  iiuantitvof  the  province  arms  was  soon  ile|iosited  in  the  library  hall. 
The  Comniitlee  of  Safety  had  voted.  .May  1.  ••That  the  i|narlerniasler- 
general  be  directed  to  clear  that  chamber  in  Stoiighton  College,  occnpiea 
liy  S.  Parsons.  Jr..  for  a  prinling  odice  for  Messrs.  Halls."     Samuel  and 
Kbeiie/er   Hall,  who  had   been  iirinting  the  ••  K-sex  Ca/.ctte  "  in   Sa'cm, 
had   iiceii  induced  to  remove  their  press  to  Cambridge,  and   from  their 
ulllce  in  Stonglitoii  Hall,  they  issued,  on  the  lOlh  ot  August,  the  lirst  iium- 


t 


t 


CUllONK'l.i:   OF   THE   SIKGE. 


137 


l.pr  of  tlio  -NiMv  Eiif,'l!iiiil  Cliroiiidc,  or  tlie  Wocldy  Giizfltc."  Tin; 
othfC  hulls  iif  till!  Collogo  well!  soon  suiroiulorcd  for  bMii:irlis  timl 
ollict's.  With  :ill  tho  cares  prfssiiij^  ii|ioii  tin-  si''.l'-c(.iislilnliMl  (■ivil 
aiithoiitii'S  ol'  the  tiiim,  they  did  not  fail  to  rocognizo  the  elaims  dC  >utli 
of  tho  ejected  students  as  were  that  suiiniier  entitled  to  their  aeadetnic 
degrees;  so  thev  pn.vided  I'or  callini,'  together  as  many  nf  the  overseers 
as  could  1)0  reached,  to  bestow  them.  Some  ol'  the  linenl  ami  m.lilest 
private  mansions  in  tho  province,  with  broad  acres  .aniuud  them,  were  in 
Cand>ridge,  and  belonged  to  those  whose  sympathies  wen-  with  the  royal 
party.  Ilapiiily  most  of  these  mansions  still  stand  lo-day,  some  of  them 
einiched  alike  by  memories  of  patriotism  and  by  the  literary  lame 
and  honors  of  their  later  occupants.  Tor  the  crisis  they  served  I'or 
niilitiiry  uses, 

Wasliiugtou,  on  coming  to  Cambridge,  found  a  temporary  home  in 
the  dwelling  th.Mi  appropriated  to  the  I'resident  of  tho  College,  which  is 
still  in  good  preservation.  The  owner  of  the  grandest  of  the  Cambridge 
<•  ■Misions,  Major  .lohu  Va^^sal,  being  a  tory,  had  sought  the  protection  of 
the  Ikitish  (ieiieral,  in  IJostou.  Mis  house  had  been  for  a  short  time 
occupied  by  Col.  Clovei,  and  also  had  been  appro|iriated  to  the  Com- 
mittee of  .siafely.  On  the  journal  of  that  committee  for  July  N.  177.">, 
we  read  the  following  ;  — 

"  lVherca.1,  it  is  necessary  tliat  tho  house  of  Mr.  John  Vassal,  orilered  by 
Congress  for  the  residence  of  His  Kxciaieney  Uener.d  Washington,  should  bo 
inimeiliately  put  in  such  condition  as  may  make  it  convenient  for  that  purpose, 
therefore,  Mi-solvid.  that  Mr.  Timothy  .\ustiii  lie,  and  hereby  is,  empowered  and 
authorized,  to  jnit  sai<l  house  in  projier  order  for  tlie  purposes  above  men- 
tioned, and  thai  he  proenre  such  a.-sistanee  am!  furniture  as  may  bo  necessary 
to  put  said  housi'  in  proper  condition  for  the  reception  of  His  Kxeellcney  and 
his  attendants." 

lu  his  eoidideulial  letters  to  Joseph  Heed,  Washington  cmimuuieatcs 
his  purposes  and  methods  of  a  generous  and  impartial  hospitality  in  that 
mansion,  and  also  some  of  his  embarrassments  and  diseonditnres  in  the 
matter.  The  journals  and  letters  of  many  distinguished  men  and 
women,  which  are  extant,  record  that  their  writers  shared  tho>e  liospi- 
12* 


t 


138 


CllHOMCI.l-;    or    TIIK    SIKCK. 


1alili('>.  "illi  tliiii-  iiiiiin's^ic>ii>  iif  llic  cdUi-tcsy  iinil  ilifziiity  ol'  111'' Im-t 
iUiil  liusluss. 

It  \v:i!<  !i  iili'iisiinl  cMiiciili'iicc  tliiit  Mr.  SpMiks,  the  lii(i;;i-!iplnT  i>l' 
AViisliiii'iteii,  iiml  ll.i'  cdilor  "f  liis  Milmiiinoiis  piiiiers,  sIkhiUI  liiivc  iloiit! 
liuifU  of  his  Wdik  i.r  iihiHist  idul:iln.iis  lovf  fur  tilt'  fliicl'.  in  llic  lionsc 
aiul  rodiu  wlicic  so  mimiiv  of  lluise  imi)i'rs  wcix-  written. 


rill'.  I'liciviNciAi,  KDiiriKic.vnoNs. 

Siinii'  sli;ilit  intn'iiclinii'nls  of  llic  uiiliuv  of  IV>rlilinl  lini-s,  iiicMrnt   to 
till'  liist  >lciis  towanls  tlic  fnriniition  of  ii  ciiMip.  liMil  Ikmmi   iniuli'   hy  tlic 
pruvint'iiils  wlicn  tlicy  liist  nilliccl  :il  (  ^iMiliridgf.     I'lion  tlic  ivtl'c;it  fniin 
till'  icddnlit  (111  UivimI's  Hill.  1111(1  IVoni  llio  mil  tVnco,  on  .Iiim-  ITlli.  (ii'ii. 
riitniim   li:nl   in  viiin   iittfinincd  to   Ikivo   a  stand   niadi'  on  tlic  liiiilicr 
suinniit  ol'  linnUcr's  Hill.      Hnt  lliis   |ioint,  sccniinjily  ol"  necessity,  was 
yielded  to  the  enemy.     (!en.  Howe   continued  upon  the  i,'ioini<l,  which 
was  ininicdiatcly  scenred  hy  stiong  works,  cotninanding  the  Neck  and 
the  direction  of  the   iiroviiiciid  caiii|>.     Only  thirty  or  forty  years  aL'o 
Iheso   works,  now    wholly   oliliterated,   were    easily    to    he  tiaci'd.    and 
lijokcd  fonnidahle  in  tlicir  surtcncd  outlines.      Houo    contiiincd    in   com- 
inand  of  tlie  British  detachincnt   in  Charlestowii,  till  he  siicecedcil  Cage 
as   coinmander-iu-chief,    on   the    recall  of   tlio    latter  in    the   following 
Oetol)cr,  when  Gen.  Clinton  was  sent  to  Charlestowii.      rntiiain.  with  a 
corps  of  volunteers,   on   the  night  following  the  hattle,  working  with 
heroic  diligence,  threw  np  inticnchniciits   upon   the   high   and   hcautifnl 
ruimdi'd   suumiil    known   with  cjual   appro|nial<Miess   by  the   two   names 
of  I'rospect   Hill   .■iiid   .Mount  I'isgah.     There  were  two   crests  to   the 
summit,  one  of  thciii  since  known  as  Spring  Mill,  both  of  which,  before 
the  end  of  the   moiilli,  were  so  strcngtheiu'd  as  to  be  regarded  tcnalile 
against   an    attack,   while    held   by   nearly   four    tliousand    men.      The 
forces  at  Cambridge   and   Charlcstown  wire  in  full  view  from   this  hill. 
■Within    the    last   ten    years   the   spade    and    the   pickaxe    have    been 
levelling  it  for  tin'  uses  of  thrift  and  health,  principally  to   till  the  basin 
of   Miller's   river,  in   Kast   Camliridge.     Here,   too,   until    (jnite    recent 
years,  fosse  and  rampart  had  left  their  traces,  and  the  site  was  a  favor- 
able one  for  recalling  the  scenes  of  the  past. 


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tiii!<»M»  i.r,  <>i'  Tin:  sii:<ii'.. 


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,„,„.Uing  «o  in.t.,.tnm-o.H  a  s.,.n,l  .-„  ,l,is  llilU  .Lid,  .■..nlinm.,n.. 
l...o,K.  of  tlu.  stnm^ro.l  l".inN  MnriMj,-  tl,.  ul.ol,.  si..«..,  »n,l  wln.U  wu. 
,„„.,,,..,l  nt  first  as  in  ventur.-s,,,,,,.  ,,n,xi>uit,v  t„  tl,..  nn.ny  in  Chntlos- 
,„w„.  l'ut,KU,.l,n  ,»o  s,nalU.rhilUlK.lw....n  him  mm.I  UumI.t's  11,1     to 
,„,.i.  .1...  .lis,,„si,i,.n  ..f  sul«...,-u.Ht  ov,.n.s.     Tl,...  wcv  I'lo,,,!,..!    1.1  . 
s..  ,.„1U.,1  l„..a,.s..  it  was  tho  only  o,..  of  tl,.  ....ij^hLoii,,.   m„„„„N  wh.'L 
,,  „,:„  ,i,n..  h..l  l.-,>  ...l.iviUnl,  whi.h  has  si„™   Iht,,   U„..vv„  as  Mn„„l 
,V,u.,liot,.h..sit....fa  Kn.na,,   Cathnli..  c...„v  ..,.t-s-lio.,l.  a„a  whhh   at--. 
is  m.w  hoi..«  n.pi.IlV  l..'v.'n-.l=  ^",.1  C.l.l.U.  Hill,  >,..w  ,■,.■..,■..,!  by   th.- 
Applcton  wa,.ls  a,.,l   th.  t.ro„„as  of  ,1...  M.I.-,  A-l-„.      1  hos.  two 
hills  ca,n.  in  ,h.-  s,.aso„,  «lu.„  Washington  ha,l  n,ast..na  his  .vsonn-.s. 
to  fo,.n  ,>a,-t  or  his  ro,1ilU.,tions  an.l  w.-v  i„t,vn.h..,l  an.l  h.M   ,n   o,,,.,. 
.Wla-u,...  olMl,..   a,to,,,,,.s  ,,,a,h.  l,-.h...,,,.-,,y.o  uithstan-l   the,,-   o..,,- 

,„„,,.  ,,v  .  iHisU  l.on,hanl,n.nt    hy  lan.l   and  wat.,-.     It   s,v,ns  to   hav. 

,„.„;,•„„,„,  of  nn..M.l-.."'l  "->"'■-"  "-  """■'  """""  '."""'; 
shonhl  not  hav..  an.ic-i,al..l  ,h.  ,n„vin.ials  in  takin,  ,.oss..ss,on  of 
.„„..  of  th..s..  s,.,n„.i.s,  o,.  at  Last  hav.  l...n  .va.ly  to  -l'"-'  •■-r 
at,.,n,,t  at  th.i,-  lo,-.ili..,.i<m  l.y  th.ir  -\.o.     Hut  al^.r  l',-osp..t   11,11  ha'l 

„..„„  s.i/,.<l  an,l  st,-.ngth.n.<l  it  wonhl  hav.   1 „  .s..o.lin.'ly  .hlhcnlt. 

i,  ,„„  i„„,ossil,l.,  lo,-  ,h.  ll,i.isl,  to  hav.  taken  an,l  h.hl  .ill,.,'  non^hcl 
o,.  Col.1,1.  Hill.  H-i'l-,  if  tl,.y  ha.l  h.M  Loth  of  .h.n..  wl,at  .no,v  or 
next  .onhl  tl,.v  hav.  don.?  It  re.,ni,-o,l  th.ir  nin.ost  .m„ts  to  hohl 
^,,„.  ,„,,„„„,  on  th.ir  two  p.nin-nlas.  ai,l.,l  hy  .l,.ii'  ^'n-'"-'-  ^ '->' 
U,.Uarlv  nnual  that  the  .ost  of  taking  a  hill  lVo,n  ,h,.  ,„ovin.,als  was 
v.rv  heavv.  a,ul  as  sn.h  hills  w.,v  lavishly  scatt.r.a  „l.on  tl,.  .'oa^.  an.l 
cln;tc,.,nn.h..in...'h..Mh.ys..,n  to  hav.  .o„.l„.l..ltl,at  th.  ,. .■..un- 
cials w.,'.  lik.lv  always  to  hav.  th.  la,-.r  shar.  ol  th.n,. 

The  lines  b.tw.on  th.opposin;,  fo,c..s,  within  th.ir  rosp...tiv.  „,t,vn.h- 
,„onts.  approxin,at.a  so  ..losoly  that  th.  s.ntri.s  .N.l,a„..,l  n.ws,  hant.r 
,„„1  ..o,ni,lin,.nts.  a,„l  a.s.,-t.,-s  fonn.l  an  .asy  fansit.  An,o„^'  the 
,„„„o,-s  of  the  sitnation  th.  provincials  availeU  th.,ns.lv.s  of  the  oppo,-- 
„„u,v  to  se,ul,  on  th.  win^s  of  a  lavorinj:  la.....  or  hy  ,„.».n^..s  w„h 
„,„;  l:,r.n.  nnn>l,.,s  of  a  satirh-al  print,-  of  whi.l,  a  la.-sin,il.  ,s  ^,v.n 
on^H,  ai-inin.  l.af,  -  .ontainin^  an  a.M.vss  ..f  r.n.onstn.n..  to  the 
British  sohli.,-s.  and  a  .ont.as.  of  th.  bills  of  fa,v.  th.  wa,.s.  an.l  the 
lookoa-lor  rewa,ds  of  th.  ■vsp.etiv.  eo.nbatanls  on  lh,nk.,-'s  and  1  ,os. 


no 


fllliOMCI.K    OK    Tin;    SIKCiK. 


pcit  Hills.      A  MiiJill  mill,  ii  IVw  liuilM's,  xlii'tlM,  liiiriis,  iiiui  trrcs  IicIwihmi 
llie  lines  I'oniu'd  \>v\m's  ((Hili'stcil  In  tin-  liitiT  stntiivs  dl"  llic  Hlniji'.'li'. 

On  llir  Miini'  ni;rlit  follow  inn  ""'  '"'t''''  »'  {'lii'ilcslown  n  l«\v  New 
Iliinilp^liiiT  Hoops  ofcnpiiil.  iMiil  iH'fiim  to  t'ortiCy.  tlio  lol'Iy  nml  s»iUinn 
Mininiil  of  Uiiiirr  Hill,  stMmliiijr  licliind  I'rosiicet  Hill.  Mml  mi.hvay 
liclwfiM  C'lniliridi;!'  iind  MnH'onl.     TndiT  (lincnd   Kol>oni  (lir  works 

hcic  were  so  extended  :ilid  lonnididile  l.y  llie  elo-e  of  llie  ntli.  tliiil  llie 

hill,  next  to  tli:il  in  IJoxlmiy  to  lie  soon  rel'eiied  to,  liiciinie  the  most 
seeiiie  (.f  idl  the  |iro\inei;d  det'eines.  A  skii-lin^r  of  lneiistworUs  run 
from  the  mai~h  hind^  ne:ir  Chiirlestow  n  Nec'U,  :dl  the  w.iy  to  the  hiinhs 
of  Chmle.s  liver  in  Cnndirid^e,  with  several  redonlits,  h:dl-moons, 
and  UKiru  sid)staiilial  (•urlh-«oiksi  on  the  cleviil<'d  spots  and  exix.sed 
points  alonj;  the  course. 

The   most    eritieal   point  to  he  scenred  nn.  defeinled  was  that  «hieh 
should  <;nanl   tlie  only  oiitU't   from   lioston  l>y  land,  at  Koxlmry  Ne<k. 
Here,  too,  the  natnral   lea'.nies  of  the  region   favored   lhi>   plaii>  of  the 
provincials.      Kefore  the  stand-pipe  of  the  t'oehituate  Water  Woli.s  was 
erected  at  the  Hijihlands.  in  lioxlinry,  a  stroller  over  the  proeipitons  and 
rocky  declivities  of  that  eminence  would  have  regarchil   it   as  a  n.iturnl 
fortiricalion.  independently  of  the  r.'mains  of  the  works  still  visilile  upon 
it.     These  works  were  constructed  under  the  superintendence  of  fienerals 
Thomas  and  Kietx,  and  were  very  stroni;,  and  shot  could  he  thrown  from 
thini  into  ]?oston.     Breastworks  and  inlrenchnients  on  the  low  lands  on 
both  sides,  iicros.s  the  roads,  on   Sewall's  point,  on  the   Meeting-hoiisc 
hill,  and  on  the  road  to  Dorchester,  had  lieen  besiun,  and  more  or  less 
advanced  before  the  arrival  of  AVashin-ton.     A  redonhl  hail  lieeii  hc;iun 
on  the  Ten  Hills  Farn.,  '.o  conunan.l  access  through  the  Mystic  river. 
Colonel  (iridley  and  his  son,  with  such  scientilic  and  practical  assistance 
as  they  could  snminon  to  aid  them,  gavi>  their  labor,  as  engineers,  to 
these  works,  though  with  slender  helii  from  jiroper  iinlilements.     Shot 
and  shell  were  oeeasionidly  thr.iwn  from  Boston  while  these  works  were 
in  progress,  but  more  than  an  offset   to  the  mischief  etfected  by   them 
was  nnide  by  ^ome  of  the  Indians  an<l  lillemeu  on  the  provincial  side, 
rtho  picked  olf  the  British  sentries.     Skirmishes  at  Boston  Neek,  shells 
thrown  with  some  damagi^  into  Hoxbnry,  and  collisions  lietween  parties 
at  the  lines,  seemed  from  the  lirst  to  indicate  the  relations  which  were  to 


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Addrefs     to     the     Soldiers. 


f;i..\Ti.i:Mi,N, 

You  arc  abdul  to  embark  for  Aiiuriid,  to  Cdniiicl  your 
l'"clK)W  SubjCL-ts  Ibcrc  Id  I'ubmit  to   I'dn.KV  and 

Sl.WI'.KV. 

[t  is  the  Cilory  of  ibc  J5ritilli  Solilier,  that  lie  is  tiie 
Difiiidcr,  not  the  DiJ'tioycr,  of  the  Civil  ami  Rcli;,aous 
Rij;]Us  of  the  I'oople.  The  Eiit^Hfli  Solilicry  are  iniiiior- 
tahzed  ill  Hiftory,  for  tliuir  Attachment  to  liie  reliijion 
and  Liberties  of  their  Country. 

Wiien  KinL;' Jamt.s  the  Second  endeavoui'ed  to  intro- 
duce tlie  Ronian-catholie  Religion  and  arbitrary  Power 
into  (iniit  Britain,  be  had  an  Army  tncamiied  on  lloitii- 
Jlinv-llcatlt,  to  terrify  the  People.  Seven  Hilhops  were 
feized  upon,  and  fent  to  the  Towi^r.  Hut  they  appealed 
to  the  Laws  of  their  Coifntry,  and  were  let  at  Liberty. 
When  this  \ew.s  reached  the  Camp,  the  Shi'Uls  of  Joy 
were  fo  i;reat,  that  they  re-echoed  in  the  Ro)al  Palace. 
This,  however,  did  not  ipiite  convince  the  Kin,!;',  of  the 
Averfioii  of  the  Soldiers  to  be  tiie  Inftruments  nf  Op- 
preffion  ai;ainft  their  Fellow  Subjeirts.  I  le  therefore  made 
am  i'.ier  trial.  lie  ordered  the  Guards  to  be  drawn  np, 
and  the  Word  was  ijiven,  that  thofe  who  did  not  chufe  to 
fu])port  the  Kinii's  Meafures,  fliould  i;round  their  .Arms. 
When,  behold,  to  his  utter  confufion,  and  their  eternal 
Ilonoiw"  —  the  whole  ]iody  fcn'und  their  Arms. 

You,  gentlemen,  will  foon  have  an  Opporlimity  of 
(hewing  eipial  Virtue.  You  will  be  called  upon  to  im- 
brue your  llands  in  the  Pilood  of  your  l'"ellow  Subjec^ts  in 
America,  becaufe  the)'  will  not  admit  to  be  Slaves,  and 
are  alarmed  at  the  I^ftablilliment  of  I'ojierv  and  .Arbitrary 
Powi'r  in  Que  Half  of  their  Country. 

Whether  you  will  diaw  tliofe  Swords  which  have  de- 
fended them  againft  their  ICncmies,  to  butcher  them  into 
a  Refiguation  of  their  Rights,  which  thev  bold  as  the 
Sons  of  EiiglilliDitii,  is  in  your  ]>reafts.  That  you  will 
not  ftain  the  Laurels  you  have  gained  from  Friimv,  by 
dipjiing  them  in  Civil  Jilood,  is  everv  good  Man's  Hope.  . 

Arts  will  no  iloubt  be  ufcd  to  peii'uade  you,  that  it  i.s 
your  Duty  to  obey  Orders  ;  and  that  you  are  fent  upon 
the  jult  and  righteous  lurand  of  cruHiing  Rebellion. 
Jkil  your  own  Ileart.s  will  tell  )-ou,  that  the  People  may 
be  fo  ill  treated,  as  to  make  Refiftauce  neceffary.  You 
know,  that  Violence  and  Injury  olfered  from  one  Man  to 
another,  has  always  fonie  Pretence  of  Riglit  or  Reafon 
to  juftify  it.  So  it  is  between  the  People  and  their 
Rulers. 

Therefore,  whatever  haril  Names  and  heavy  Accufa- 
fations  may  be  beftowed  upon  your  P'ellow  .SubjeO:ts  in 
Aiitcricd,  be  affured  they  have  not  deferved  them  ;  but 
are  driven,  by  the  nioft  cruel  'Preatment,  into  Defpair. 
[n  this  Defpair  they  are  iiiTn|>eIled  to  defend  their  Liber- 
ties, after  having  tried,  m  \"ain,  every  peaceal)le  Means 
of  obtaining  Redrefs  of  their  manifold  Gi-iev.mces. 

In/on-  (lOd  and  ?dan  tluy  arc  ri^^/i/. 
A'our  Honour,  then.  Gentlemen,  as  SoKliers,  and  your 
Humanity  as  Men,  forbid  you  to  be  the  Infiinmen'ts  of 
forcing  Chains  upon  your  injured  and  oppreffed  Fellow 
Subjct^ts.  Remember  that  your  fnft  ol)edience  is  due 
to  (jod,  and  that  whoever  bids  \du  llicd  innocent  Hlood, 
bids  \du  aiH  contrary  to  his  Commandments. 
I  am,  (JKNri.KMi'.N, 

your  fmCere  Well-wilher, 

AX    OLD    SOLDIER. 


n 


fiii;()\i(i.i:  (»K  TiiK  SIKOK. 


Ill 


rcntiinir  Ik.Iu.mII  llir  lM.>i,-0.1  mm,!  til.'  l.r>i.-cl->  lliroU.j;ll    tll<.    IflllilhfMrd 

Hill,  ulii.-h  W.MS  iiricnvanN  .Icsiuiialrd  l.y  Wii-hiii-lnii  a-;  a  rrii>I.v.v..ii~  iC 
tl„.  ciinny  sliniiM  Livak  our  liii.-  a!  .^iiy  |ioiiit.  Mm  iii  uhaU-l.oats 
vciT  s(j..ii  krpl  .at  watrh  hear  ihc  liiar-lics  lo -i\  r  intrlliLiciica.  of  any 
niovfiiU'Ul  ..[■  tin'  .■i.(a..\  l.y  "al.a-.  Tlicn'  "as  a  .-.m-laiit  ai.lMvliuii.M.m 
that  all  the  above  work-,  ini'ihl  lie  a-ailr-l  .at  any  li'Mir. 

^Vashill-t(.ll,ull  his  arrival,  iiniiir.liatrly  (livi.h'.l  his  .atlmtion  l.,4\vocn 
the  IR'W  oigaiiizalhai  ,.r  Ihr  ra.ik  aii.l  111.'  ii,v,.-sary  l„  iiiiliato  the  eun- 
tiiu'iilal  ad.iplioii  of  thr  aiMiy.  aii.l  thr  <'xainiiiMl  ioii  of  tli,'  loitili,.alioMS. 
II,.  Iniual  th...-r  works  vvisrly  ali.l  .  Ilcctivcly  hr-illi.  aii.l  he  ^iK■r\^^,\  thr 
.striMiirlhcliiiiK  Jni.l  cxtriKlilii.' of  Ihnn.  filliii- rvjioM..!  |...ii,ls.  ami  sc(Mir- 
inir  safer  oo.iMumiirations  bctwcVn  lluan.  His  xautiny  was  Miarp.  an.] 
the  severe  ,liMM,,li„e  which  !..■  at  ...lee  eslal.li~he.l.  lh.a,-h  it  eau^-ecl  some 
fretfiiliiess  anime;  a  iiorli..ii  of  those  whoso  former  In'edle-Miess  it 
relmke.l.  was  very  s,„,n  yi.'hle.I  lo  with  adle.l  secMirity  to  the  eamp. 

It  was  not  to  he  sii|,i.ose,l  that  Cm.  Iloue  on  Hunker-  Hill  wouM  be 
eonteiit  witli  the  narrow  limits  of  his  lines  in  th.'  din^etiou  of  Camlu Lliro 
and  Medford.  and  s.uui'  threatenin;.'  movements  of  his  made  Washin^don 
anxious  about  the  two  .■mineiiees  above  relVrrci  lo.  I'lou-hed  Hill  and 
Coblih'  Hill,  which  remained  unoe.aii.ied.  He  i.huni.d  a  b.,ld  enterprise, 
and  otfered  a  ^-tron-  ,uovoeation  to  Howe.  when,  on  the  niuht  of  Aml'. 
•20.  ho  ordered  a  wiakin-  parly  of  a  tliou-an.l  men.  with  a  ^'uard  of 
Iw.nty-foin'  hnmlred.  undm-  Ceneral  Sullivan,  to  oeeupy  ami  intreneh 
upon  I'lou-hed  Hill,  whieli  was  directly  within  eainion  rauL'e  of  r.uidi.'r's 
Hill,  and  of  !_nin-lioats  in  the  Mystic.  Thi'  feat  wa~  siieee  -fully  aconi- 
|,li-.hed  with  lhel<i>sof  but  two  men.  while  a  -iie^le  ten-pounder  on  the 
Ten  Hills  battery  sunk  one  .irundioat  in  the  Mystic  and  sihneed  another. 
'I'he  en.uny  seemed  lo  be  pivparinii  for  an  a-sanit  on  the  new  works,  and 
an  anxious  pivparation  was  made  to  receive  them,  scanty  as  was  the 
iunnuniilion  of  the  provincials,  lint  it  was  a  thretit  <udy.  l"or  a  fort- 
nieht  a  desultory  liomb.ardment  was  eoutiuued.  but  each  niclit  and  day 
slivu-thened  the  works,  and  the  eneni.v  ■.'av'e  over  the  inetfeetive  as-ault 
upon  theiu. 

It  was  not  until  the  -.'I'd  of  .\.>vend.er  that  tlu'  ..Iher  hill  wa-  ocrupicl, 
after  there  had  lieiui  a  sharp  stru^-Lile  at   I.eehiuere's  I'oinl  ri-iu- from 


142 


CIlItOMCI.K,    OF   THE    SIEfiK. 


llic  iiKiislics  iicnr  it.  'I'lic  wurUs  hero  wim-c  niiiili;  iiiiilm  (Ii'IummIs  I'lit- 
iiMiH  :iuil  IK'alli.  This,  wliieli  «:is  (iiic  of  Hit'  must  dtifinij:  eiitcrpiisi's  in 
till'  wliolr  sc'iii's.  was  act'uiiiplishcjl  witlioiit  iiiccliiiii  tlii'  sjiiililfst  (i|i|iosi- 
tion  fiiiiii  till'  I'lii'iu.v.  A  liMttcry  was  a  few  davs  aCtcr  [ilaiitccl  at  lli(^ 
I'liint.  anil  in  tlio  scvci'L'st  weather  dl'  Deeeinber,  tliis  was  exteiideil  and 
clleetivelv  sli'ennthenod.  'I'lie  lirilish  vidleiilly  contested  tlio  eoniiiletion 
of  the  woi'lis  at  lliis  Point,  with  water  liatteries.  It  was  at  the  most 
iU'xions  eri-is  of  .'illaiis  in  ilie  Anieiii'an  eam|i.  as  llie  term  of  I'nlistinents 
«as  fxpiiini;.  and  new  n'ci'nils  came  in  Imt  slowly,  and  there  was  still  an 
alarming  delieiency  of  powder.  The  new  works  approached  most  closely 
of  any  to  the  tliieUly  occupied  part  of  l!o-lon.  ,-niil  willi  proper  artillery 
most  dcslrnctive  operations  mii;ht  have  been  performed  from  them. 
From  lime  to  time  snch  military  compliments  as  the  resonrces  of  the 
lirovincials  allowed  tliem  to  send  pa-sed  from  (■ol)l.le  IliU  and  I.cchmere 
I'oint  into  I!o..ton.  and  from  letters  written  there  at  the  time  it  seems 
tliat  they  caused  much  consternatiipii.  Tln'se  works,  with  tlie  strenirth- 
eiiini:  >jf  tho>e  at  Sewall's  I'oiiit  and  Landi's  Dam  on  the'  riuht  wing 
of  the  cam|i,  completed  Ihe  provincial  defences. 


I!  MI'S    ON    •rill-:    IIAlMiill!    ISLANDS. 

There  had  heeu  a  skirmish  on  (:ra|ie  Ul.'ind,  lyin^' near  the  Sonlli  shorn 
of  the  l!ay,  on  Sunday,  ."May  •J\.  lietwcen  a  jiarty  of  the  I'lritish  who  had 
eone  thci-c  in  sloops  to  remove  some  liay.  ami  a  jiarly  of  countrymen 
from  Weymouth,  in  which  Ihe  latter  liurnt  some  eighty  tons  of  hay  and  a 
liarn,  and  took  olf  the  I'attle.  On  Ihe  -.'Tth  of  tlu'  same  month,  in 
obedience  to  an  or<ler  of  the  Committee  of  Safely  for  the  removal  of  live 
stock  from  Ihe  islaiMK.  a  I'arly  of  provinei'.ds  went  for  the  purpose  1o 
Host  and  Noddle's  Islai;  Is.  Tlie\  wen'  lircd  upon  I'rom  Ihe  vessels,  and 
.some  marines  |iul  olf  in  lioats  to  prevent  Ihe  nndertakiuL;'.  Of  Ihcse,  I  wo 
were  killed  and  'wii  were  wounded.  Tlie  provineials  succeeded  in 
(Irivinir  oM'  three  or  four  hunilrcd  live  s|i,ek,  ,-ind.  when  reinfcU'ced, 
disabli'd  a  liriti^li  sehooner  whieli  'iidiindcd.  •-hipped  her  of  Liuns  and 
sails,  with  clolhinn'  and  money,  and  then  liiiruid  her  while  under  lire 
I'rom  a  sloop.  l-'our  of  the  pro\ineial>  were  wounded  (Pidy.  while  of  Ihe 
lirilish   inanx   were   killeil.      \\  illiin   lln'   four  following  days  other   raids 


rintoN'icr.K  of  tiik  hw.c.k. 


U3 


< 


w.Tc  iiiM.l,.  l.y  til,.  proNinciiils  ..ii  N.M.ll..'-^.  IVllii^U's  mu.I  Doer  l>hinds, 
Rfciiriiig  1mi;;i'  luiiiiln-.s  of  slic.^i),  ciitllc  an.!  horse-,  with  h:iy.  In  tlio 
hisl  (.xi.filili.iTi,  on  Uk;  niglit  of  .Tinif  •_>,  a  liritish  l.aigc  was  caplnir.l 
with  four  inisoMiTs. 

On  tlic  iL'lli  of  Jnly  a  party  of  a  linnclrcd  and  tliirly-.si>c  men,  under 
Major  (ircatoii,  wlio  lia.l  led  tlio  exploit  at  Deur  Island,  landed  from 
whale-boats  on  Loie.r  Island,  where  the  lirilish  had  stoned  a  lari^c 
quantity  of  liay  for  their  heirses.  Wliile  the  parly  were  burning  this, 
with  the  house  and  barn-,  they  were  eannonaded  from  some  of  the 
ves-els.  one  ..f  whieh  with  barges  appp.aehed  tlie  island.  The  party 
liarely  suc'eeeded  iu  eseaping  with  the  loss  of  one  man. 

Thouiih  the  -.'Oth  of  .Inly  was  a  day  appointed  for  solenni  fasting  and 
prayer,  and  orders  had  been  is>ued  for  its  most,  devout  observanee,  with 
a  pause  iVom  all  needless  work,  the  troops  .^..nvji  to  worship  fully  armed, 
the  lehiptalion  [Heseuted  itself  to  a  parly,  under  .Major  Vose,  of  Heath's 
Keeiment.  starling  before  daylight,  to  lan.l  from  whaU-boats  at  Xan- 
tasket  I'oint.     Here  they  di-manlled  and  burned  the  liglitdiouse,  earrying 
olf  tlu'   apparatus,   and  afterwards  brought   away   a   large    (luaulily  of 
barley   and   hay.     They   were   fired   upon  from   the   vessels,   two    being 
wounded.      The  parly  also  made  a  nnd  on  IN.inI    Miirlc.y.      Not   satisfied 
with   this  one  successful    enterprise   of  darkening    the    harbor,   it   was 
determined  to  i)revent  the  rebuilding  of  the  liglitdiouse  on  whieli  work- 
men were  soon   engaged.      A   party  of  thiiv   hundred   men.  under  Major 
Tnpper.  was  ordered  thi'ic  the   last  day  of  the   month.   «ho  elleeled   a 
landing,  killed  a  dozen  of  the  workmen,  made  prisoners  of  the  rest,  and 
de.stroyed  the  reconslrueled  works.     lieing  left  by  the  tide    they  were 
assaileil   b\  a   strong  force   in   boats,  one  of  whieh  was  sunk  by  a  field 
piece  on  NanlasUet  roinl.  willi  several  of  its  men.     The  party  got  olf 
with  the  loss  of  but  one  man,  having  killed  and  taken  fifty-three  of  the 
enemy.     The   Major   and   his   party   received   the   nexl    day    the   siieeial 
thanks  of  the  Conimander-in-Chief.  in  general  orilers,  for  their  gallantry. 
The  Admiral  of  the  Heel  announced  the  destruetion  of  the  lights  iu  the 
liarbor  and  at  Cape  Ann.      No  single  act  of  the  provincials  caused  more 
chagrin  to  Ihe  enemy  than  this.     When  reported  in  Limdon  it  was  made 
the  Iheme  for  mo-l  biting  sarcasm.     They  were  soon  to  hear  of  yet  moro 
darinu'and  humiliating  sueeess  of  the  provincials  .m  the  water,  in  the 


144 


CimOXICI.K    Ol'    TIIK    PIEdK. 


caplMiv  of  ^toiv-vc^scls  hiilcu  clown  wilh  nil  Iho  iimiiinionts  aii.l  suiiplifa 
ol-war.  without  i..Ln,n  on  their  .Uvks.  On  Sr,,t.  ".'T  Iwo  ImMdivd  mumi, 
immUt  MMJor  Tui.lHT.  Imii.I.mI  frun.  wliMl.-l.onts  on  (iovcrnor's  Islmul, 
b.in.f.l  a  SMK.U  vi'sscl  .•rM.ly  for  hmiK'liini;.  ■■nul  liro.igl.t  olV  cattlo  and 
lioraos  with  lull  iiii|iiniily. 

I„  ,,,„n.-lio.i«ilh  thcs..  hold  v.'Mtinvs  .,f  tho  i-rovincials,  to  swuro 
th.'ir  own  pnlpcrly  on  tho  linrhor  ishmds,  it  is  anu.sin-  to  iva,l  tho  socrot 
,lisolosn.-os  wl.ioh  15111-ovMo  nu.lo  at  tho  tii.u^  in  a  piivato  letlor  to  Lord 
r;oo.-o  (;o,-,nai,K..  dato.l  HnsioM.  An-.  -"0,  ITTr,.  Ilo  wmto  ahont, 
Graves  :  — 

"Itmav  ho  asked  in  Ki.-huul,  wlmt  is  Iho  A.lmiral  .h.intr? 

•■  I  wish  I  were  al)lo  to  answer  that  iinestion  satislaelorily ;  hat  I  ean  only 
say  what  he  is  iinl  dnin;^. 

"  That  lie  is  w,t  snpplvinj:  ns  with  sh.op  and  oxen,  the  dinners  of  tho  best 
of  ns  hear  mea^^re  testimony  ;  tho  slate  of  our  hospitals  hoars  a  more  melan- 

choly  one. 

o'llo   is    noi   defendin;:   his    own    Ihu-ks   and  herds;    for  the   enemy   have 

repeatedly  plundered  his  own  islands. 

Olio  is  „ot  defendinLT  the  otle^r  islands  in  tho   harbor;  lor  the  en.auy,  in 

force,  landed  from  a  -r,.,!   nnnd.r  ofhoat.-,  and  burned  tho  light-house  at 

noonda.N  (haviu-  first  killed  and  t;d<on  tho  party  of  marim'S  whioh  was  ,,osted 

there)  almost  under  th.^  "-nns  of  two  or  tlnve  mon-of-war. 

••  He  is  »„Manplo\in-  his  ships  to  keep  u),  .•onmmnieation  and  intelligeneo 

with  the  kings  servants  and  friends  at  the  dilbavnt  parts  of  the  e,.ntinent;  f..r 

I  do  not  believe  (lenoral  Cage  has  roecav,.,!  a  letter  from  any  eorrospondent 

out  of  l'.ost(jn  these  six  weeks. 

..  Ho  is  intent  upon  greater  ..bjeets,  yon  will  think,  supporting  in  tho  gre:a 
points  tho  dignitvof  the  Hritish  Hag, -and  where  a  nund.or  of  boats  have 
been  built  for  tho  en.'my,  priv;.toers  lilted  out.  pri/.es  .•arried  in,  tho  kmg's 
armed  vessels  sunk,  th.^  erews  made  prisoners,  Iho  ollleers  killed,-ho  .9 
doubtless  onforeing  instant  re-titntion  and  reparation  t-y  the  voiee  of  his 
e;mm,n.  and  laving  tho  towns  in  ashes  thai  refuse  his  bu-ius.  Alas!  lie  is 
,mt.  liritish  thunder  is  diverted  or  enntrollo,!  by  pitiful  atlonti.u,s  and 
m,.ro  (juakordikoserui.los;  and  under  s.a'li  inlbionees.  insult  and  impunity, 
like  righteousnoss  and  peaee,  have  kissed  oaeh  other." 

The  King  had  wrilton  U,  Lord  North,  ou  ,luly  2S,  •' |  ,|o  think  the 
Admirars  nuiioval  a>  ueee.sary.  if  what  is  roporlod  i.  Ibunded,  as  the 
mild  (ieiieral's"  I^GageJ. 


CIIIIOXICLE    OK    TIIF.    SIKfiK. 


ii; 


INCIDr.NTS    IX    TIIK    I'liOVINTTAr,    CAMI'. 

It  was  a  ivMiarkaUK'  coiuciiliMKH!  tiuit   while  a  loral   coiitlict.  arisiiij; 
from  11  ('(mtiovcrsy  bctwcoii  tlie  mi)tlu'i--foiiiitrv  anil  ime  of  lii'i-  proviik'tN, 
was  alioiil  Id  liaiis|.iii('   on   the   lioi'ilils  of  Cliarlcslinvii,  llic   C'oiitiiii'iital 
Con^'iv.ss  at   lMiila(li'l|)liia   should   have  adopted   iiieasiires   foi-  iiatioual- 
izinij;  that  i'oiili-ovei-sy.  and  for  iiiaUiui;  the  proviiieial  forces  the  iiurleiis 
of  a  eoiiliiieiilal  army.     It  was  a  trreat  ^tel)  for  the  eontiiieutal  dele<;ates 
from    Massaeliusctts   ami   the  other   New    Kiiglaiid    iiroviiices    to   have 
seenreil  'hat  result.      Some   of  the  most   eiirious   details  of  the  debates 
and  l)u-ini'-s,  ami  of  the  woikiiiLls  of  seeret   iillliieiK'e>.  at  I'liiladelphia, 
which  have  come  to  liiiht.  reveal  to  us  with  what  astuteness  and  sa;;acity 
the  Massachusetts  delej;ates   maMajj;ed  to  keep  their  special   aims  and 
•wi.shes    in   ahey.ance,  that   tlii'y   might    not    appear  to   force  theii'   local 
interests  aiul  partialities  upon  the  action   of  tlieir  Southern    associates. 
The   peculiar   traits   and   views   of   the   leaders  and   the   peO|  le  of  this 
region  were  not  altOLiether  attractive   to   the   meiulirrs  of  the  Comrress 
from  other  scclions,  and  it  was  liut  shrewil  ralciilation  on  the  part  of  t  he 
twc>  Adamses,  Hancock,  and  others,  to  allow  the  couunon  feelin.i:.  which 
they  desired,  to    <;row    naturally    without   beiuu;    forced    through    their 
obtinsi(]ii  (jf  it.      If  lliere  was  to  be  a  conlinental  adoption  of  a  [iroviucial 
army,  it    nmst   have   a  Southern  coumiauder.      llap|)ily  rrovidence  and 
Virginia    came   to   the   help  of  policy  in  furnishing  one.      How  Oeiieral 
AVard  .■icceptcd  the  necessity  which  superseded  him  in  his  ollic-e  calls  f(.ir 
no  diseiission  here.     'I'herc  was  no  expression  or  manifestation   of  any 
othei'   feeling-  tli.-in    those  of  delight  antl  welcome,  witli   warm-liearted 
and  rc-pi'ctful  addresses  lo  Washington,  when  he  appeared  on  the  scene. 
The  cMeiisive  and   level  space  of  Camlaidge  C'onnnou  di-played  bi'fore 
his  eyes  the  material  in  men  ami  arcoulremeuls.  such   as  they  were,  on 
which  his  e.\a<'ting  task  began. 

We  have  a  very  lively  description  of  lln"  caini),  as  it  ap|ieared  im- 
medialely  .afler  Wa-hinglon  had  taken  command,  from  the  pen  of  the 
Rev.  Will.  l'',inerson.  of  ('uncord,  a  chaplain  of  the  army  :  — 

"  'fhcre  is  gnat  overlurniiig  in  tlii!  camp  as  to  .udc-r  and  rrgularily.  N(?\v 
lords,   new  laws.      The   (lemaals   Washiiiglou   ami   \.'v  mv  upon   the    liiieH 

i;; 


14t) 


ClllIONUl.K    dl"    Till.    Sll-.t;K. 


fvc'i-y  (lav.     Now  onlrrs  from  His  KxrfUoi.cy  arc  roa.l  U>  Uic  r.-pi'itiv,.  r.^^i- 
nu.nts   .'v.ry   iiu.rnin-    affr   l-ravcrs.     The   stri.l,.>t    -nvcnniu'i.t  is  takin- 
jilar,',  ami  jrnal  .li-iiiutinn  is  iiia.l.'  l.rl«  r,i,  ..lli.vi ,-  ami  si.lilicrs.     Kvory  cmo 
is  mmlr  l.^kmiwhis  [.laic  amU.M.i,  in  it,  c,r  !,.■   ti..l  up  ami  rwcnve  tl.irty 
or  forty  la>lu>s  a.v.,nlii,-  to  Lis  rrin..'.     Tl.ou.-an.ls  arc  al  wurk  .-very  .lay 
,■,,„„  |„ur  till  clcNcii  .M-lnrk  ill  the  n.nrning.    It  is  suri.nsi";,'  I'ow  imich  work 
ha..  b.'cM  .Ini,,..     Th,>   limvs  aro  oMcmK-.l  alinu.st  from  Cambrh!-.^  to  Myslio 
river,  .-o  that  veiy  soon  it  will  U'  morally  imp"-il'l''  ''"'  ""'   '•"'■"O' "'  J?^'' 
betwo,.ii  the  w.rks,  except   ill  one  place,  which  is   s.ipp.  s,.,l   to  be  Icll  pur- 
jiHM.ly  mifortilic.l  to  entice  the  enemy  out  of  their  forires.ses.     Who  would 
have'th..n..ht  twelve  n.nulhs  past  ihal  all  t'amhri.l;,..  an,l  CharU^town  wouUl 
bo   covcrcl  over  with  American  camps,  an.l  ot    up  into  forts  an,l  intren.'h- 
ments,  an.l  all  the  lan.ls,  h.^Uls,  or.har.ls,  lahl  .ommnn,  catth'  IVdinj;  in  th.". 
chnh.c^t  u...winK-hm.l,  whole   fu'Lls  ..f  crn  oaten   .lown  to   th.'  -roun.l.  an.l 
larp.  parks  of  w.^ll-n.-ulate.!  h.custs  .'nt  .l..wn  lor  tir.'Wo.i.l  an.l  other  public 
u.s.s.     This,  1  niuM  .ay,  looks  a  littl.'  melancholy. 

..  My  .piartcrs  ar.'  at  the  foot  ..f  th.-  fam..us  I'n.specl  Hill,  wh.'re  such  -■'.■at 
,„vparati.M.s  aro  ma.lo  f.ir  the  rceepti..n  .,f  the  enemy.     It  is  very  .liverting 
to  walk  am,.!,;;  the  .'amps.     'J-|c'y  are  as  .lilV.'r.'nt  in   their  term  as  the  owners 
are  in  their  .livss;  an.l  every  t.nt  is  a  ,,ortraiture  ,.f  th,.  t.nip.n-  ami  taste  of 
,ho  per.s.ms  wh.i  enc-amp  in  i..     Sm,,,.   are  ma.l,.   o(  b-ar.ls  ami  some  of  sail- 
cloth •.  some  partly  ,.f  on.'   an.l  partly  of  tl...  oth.-r.     Again,  oth.^rs  are  matlo 
of  sume  ami  lurf,  brick  or  brush:  s,.me  are  thrown  up  in   iv  hurry;  others 
.•uri.msly  wrought  with  .l.iors  an.l  win.lows,  .lon.'  with  w.valhs  an.l  withes  in  the 
manner  of  a  ba.skct.     Some  are  xmu-  pn.per  tents  ami  manim^.s,  looking  like 
the  regular  camp  ..f  the  enemy.     In  tlic.e  are  the  Kli.^le  Isla.i.l.'rs,  wli..  are 
fnrnish.-.l  with  t,M,l-..,,uipag..  an.l  ..v.^ry thing  in  the  m.ist  exact  English  style. 
H.iwovor,  1  think  this  gr.al  vari.ty  is  ralh.'r  a  b.^auty  Hum  a  blemi..h  in  tlio 
army."—  {Sp(irk.-<'  n'ii.-liiiiyluu.) 


roiJKKSP.lNDKNCK  OV  (iKNl-liAbS  I.KK  .XND  lilTidOYNK. 
A  euri.ms  epi.s.Hle,  which  mu-t  liav.^  !urnish..a  a  m.,moiitary  oxcit.Mncnt 
in  ih..  camp,  (..Tiirrcl  at  this  time.  The  impnlsiv..  an.l  iiustal.le  Clmrles 
l,,e.  who  ha.l  lii'ou  commissi. .ne.l  as  a  Maj.>r  Cen.ral  by  the  ('..iigrcss, 
luul  M'rv.a  uiuler  liurguyne  as  a  Urilish  ollieer  in  I'ortueal.  When  Lee, 
before  he  lia.l  l.e.'U  eommissi.me.l.  hcaril  of  the  arrival  of  l'.nrg.iyno 
in  li.wb.n.  h..  a.hlros.,1  liini  fr.)m  l'hila.l..|i.hi.-..  on  .linu'  Tlh.  a  U'lt.T 
ubich  .li.l  M..I  r.'aeh  him  until  a  m..i.lh  afl.'ruar.ls.     ll.'  wn.le  in  str.mg 


9 


(  iiiio.vitiJ':  OF  Till-:  sii:(;i:. 


Ml 


terms  of  nttVctidii  and  rospoct,  yot  as  to  one  "  scdiici'd  into  ;ni  inipioii-i 
Mii'l  iM'fariims  service,  liy  tlie  artiliec  of  ;i  wiekeil  iiiid  insiilioiis  ,.,„irl  iiiul 
(■.■il.iiiel."  wliuM"  •■  uiekednessMn.l  trencliery  lie  has  irnnsclf  eNperieneed  " 
in  Ills  lornier  niilitiirv  reliilions  lie  expresses  ^jrvatillcMtion  lliat.  ms  he 
li;i(l  h'.'inieil,  liin-'ioyne  hM.l  e'.i'ne  liero.  not  of  liis  own  seekinu'.  Iml  "n  the 
Kinji's  positive  cuniMiiin.l,  l.nt  Ms.nres  liini  Hint  liis  en-:iii.l  is  nieiiii  :uel 
unrijiliteoiis,  nml  will  prove  a  failure,  as  the  eolonies  will  never  \ieUl  to 
the  nsnrpatiim  ami  tyranny  .if  tlte  eonrt.  ITe  protests  apiin-'  the  silly 
confhleiKv  of  the  liriti-h  tli:'i  llie  provincials  are  cuwanls  and  will  not 
fiirht.  He  is  ainaz.'d  also  that  his  loved  and  fi'vered  friend,  (ieii.  Howe, 
slnaild  eii^'a;4e  in  sneh  a  cause.  Yet.  whatever  "  the  accursed  misrulers  " 
shall  dictate,  Bnrgoyne  -^hall  have  his  person:il  alfection. 

I'.v  i,cnui--ion  of  his  superior,  Uur,L;dyiie  replied  to  this  letter  on  July 
8lli,  soon  after  it  came  ti>  his  han.ls,'  addressin--  l.ec  in  friendly  and 
familiar  terms,  tryin.;:  to  olfset  his  pleading's,  ami  then  proposine  to  meet 
him  foi-  an  interview,  and  a  dis(ais~ion.  at  I'.rown's  house  on  tlie  Neek, 
with  respective  covenants  and  parole  of  htnior  for  the  safe  relnrn  of  hotli 
parties.  Lee  submitted  llnrgoync's  lett.M'  to  the  rrovincial  Consircss, 
Sllgffostin.ntlial  if  the  interview  shoidd  lie  allowed,  they  would  desi^o;ate  a 
Kentleman  of  their  body  to  be  a  witness  of  it  with  him.  Mr.  Klbridi,'e 
Gerry  was  appointed  for  that  purpose,  and  the  Conrrress  addressed  a 
hesitaliiiL'  h'tterto  15ur:4.>yiie  informing'  him  of  the  appointment.  Uut 
here  the  matter  was  arrested.  The  Congress  did  not  approve  of  the 
proiiosed  m.vling.  Withoul  mentioning  this  fact.  Lee  addressed  Hur- 
jroyne  a  short  note  from  ( 'ambridge.  .Inly  1 1th.  in  whi.-h  he  says,  that 
as  Ihev  both  hav<'  unal'erably  formed  their  convictions,  an  interview 
ivonld  only  create  jealousies  and  suspicions.  He  closes  thus  :  "I  must, 
therefore,  defer  the  hapi)incss  of  embracing  a  man  whom  1  most  sincerely 
love,  milil  the  subversion  of  the  pres,.nl  tyr.inuical  ministry  and  system, 
which  I  am  pia'suaded  nnist  be  in  a  few  montlis.  a-  I  kuowlireat  Britain 
cannot  stand  thi'  contest.'' 

This  eorrc-pondeiiec  was  niadi' iHibiic  and  freely  comuieiitcd  upon  at 
the  time,  on  both  sides  of  the  wal.'r.  Uut  there  has  come  to  light  this 
WAV  a  conli.lenti.al  paper,  which  ailds  an  amusing  and  startling  ingredient 
toil.  It  i-a  Ictt.'r  of  l!urgowie'>  to  L..id  North,  inclosing  tli.'  corrc- 
sp.mdemv  with    Lee.      The   latter   had   s|iolven  of  the   minister  as    ••the 


U8 


CllltOMCI.K    OK    TlIK    SIF.liK. 


leldiiicus  Noi-tli."     As  his   cycxviiuM  Ikivc  In  (iil!  oii  lliis  cpillirt,  liiii'- 
fioyiic   :i|iol(.i;i/,i's  l.y  xviiliiiir  tlwit  ln'  lii"'   iiilciidod  to  li;ivi'  SLMlt  only  cx- 
triifts.  "Iciiviiig  oiil  llidsi'  virulent  .'ipostioiilit's  wliicli  stiind  like  oiillis  iit 
I5illinirs!,';ito,  fur  cxipli'livi's  ulicn  rciisoii  fails"  —  t)ut  iis  t!ic  uliolc  corro- 
sijunilciici'  liiis  l.rcM  |irinlccl,liis  cMiitidn  woiilil  not  aviiil.    He  writes  very 
(litlerenlly  nlmiil  l.ee,  from  llie  lone  :inil  style  in  wliieli  lie  IkkI  written  to 
liini.      His  ehief  object  luul  been  to  liavc  oblaineil  iin  interview  with  l.ee, 
in  whieh  he  would   ••lune  <Mit   him  >hort  in  tluit   pidlry  Jarjion  of  invee- 
tivi'"'  against  ministers,  and   l)ressed   him  with  the  fallacy  and   frenzy  of 
his  notions.     Bmgoyno  [irofeeds  :  •■  1   w(aild  then  have  endeavored  to 
touch  his  pride,  his  interest,  and  hi>  andiilion.      I  know  tlie  rnliui;  pas- 
sion  of  Leu's  mind  to  bo  avarice;  the  I'oundalion  of  his  apostasy  1  bo- 
lievo  to  be  resenlmeut."     Working  from  that  interpretation  and  cstiniato 
of  l.i'c's  character.   I'.urgoyne  goes  on   to  explain   lo  the    minister  the 
nn-lhod    bv  which   hi>   was    fully  confident    lie   could    have   won   over   tho 
American   general  to  his  previous  ser\icc   under  the  king.     He  thought 
it  probable  that   '•though  Lee  would    have   blurted  at  a  direct    brilie.  he 
niiiiht    have   caught  at  an  overtuie  of  changing  his   jiarty  to  gratify  his 
interest,  provided  any  salvo  were  suggested  for  his  inlegrily.  —  a  point 
in  which  many  a  man  fancies  lie  possesses  more  limn  he  really  docs.      It 
is  not   iinpossible  that   the  .■\ample  of  Ceiieral   Monk  might   have  pre- 
sented ilself  to  his  imagination,"  etc.,  etc.     If  J>ce  could  be  thus  ••secretly 
bought  ovi'r.  the  services  he  might  do  .are  great  ;  and  very  gvi'at,  I  con- 
fess, they  ouglil  to  be  to  atone   for   his  olleiices."     Burgoyne   od'ers   this 
precious  plea  to  the  minister  to  iialliate  his  having  used  mild  and  friendly 
terms  in  writing  to  a  traitor  whose   life  was  forfeited.     It  seems,  too, 
that  Lee  had  written  still  another  letter  to  Iturgoyne.  of  whieh  extracts 
were  enclosed  to  Lord  North,  though  neither  the  original  nor  these  are 
forthcoming.     From  the  cimiments  upon  it.  it  ajipears  that  I,ee  had  in  it 
expressed  his  alarm   that   the  Hritish  inleiidc<l  (o  employ  Indian  allies, 
and  also  his  positive  knowledge   •' Ihal  France  and   Spain  were   ready  to 
accept  the  colonic's." 

linrgoyne  did  not  r(>strict  his  estimate  of  vcualily  to  Lee.  For  in  an- 
(jtlu'r  conlidcnlial  letter  he  writes,  ••There  is  hardly  a  leading  man  among 
the  rebels,  in  council  or  in  the  ticld.  but  at  a  jiroper  time,  and  liy  pro|ier 
inanagemeiil,  might  have  been  bought."     He  makes  an  exception,  how- 


Clll!ilNlCI,i;   OF   Till-;    SIK(iK 


149 


pvor,  for  citlicr  JdIiii  or  Sum.  Aaiims,  whom  lie  coiitiwcs  |.Mj;ctlu-r, 
tlioiigli  wluit  hi'  writi'M  WHS  ciiumII}-  Inio  of  I'otli  of  tlu^iii.  '•  I  liclii'Vf  Ail- 
iiMis  to  lie  lis  ■,'roiit.  a  coMspiriitor  ms  ever  siilivcrlcd  ii  SImIc  lie  :is-iuvil. 
my  lord,  lliis  inmi  soars  too  liif,'h  to  lio  alliircil  liy  aiiv  oM'rr  (Ircat  lirit- 
11  can  make  (o  liimsrlf  or  to  hi-  country.  America,  if  liis  coiiiiscl^ 
force,   iinisl  lie  subiliicil  or  rclimiui-hcl.     Mic  will   not   lie 


III 

contiimc  in 
rccoiicilcil." 


A    rKf.l.IMINAliV    TO   THK    DKCLAl! ATIOX   01'    INDI'.lM'.NDr.N-n:. 

One  y<-ar  before  the  C.mtineiital  Conjiress  look  ihc  long-.l.layc.l  aii.l 
(lecisivc  step  of  (U'darin-  Indcpcmlencc.  it  preeedecl  the  measure  by  what 
it  rciiar.lcd  nieler  the  circninstanees  as  (M|nally  decisive,  tlioii-h  to  lis  it 
seems  merely  tempori/.iics  the  issiiin!?,  on  .Inly  l!,  ITT.i,  a  d.'claration 
of  the  reasons  for  taUiii-  np  arms.  The  declaration  represcnte.l  this  as 
the  allernalive  of  '•  unconditional  submission  to  initale.l  mini>lers." 
■lh,.y  review  tlic  wrongs  they  have  snlfcred,  and  the  onlragcs  wliich  have 
been  inllicled  niiun  the  colonies  ;  refnse  to  make  terms  seiiaralely  ;  insist 
upon  being  treated  as  a  united  body  ;  resolve  to  die  fiTC  men  rather  than 
shivcs;  and  yet  they  still  disavow  a  "design  of  separating  from  dvat 
llritain,  and  establishing  independent  States." 

A  soh'mii  occasion  was  made  in  the  camp  lor  publishing  lliis  iKiper. 
Tlie  Declaration  was  rca.l  on  Cambridge  C'omimm  on  .Inly  l-'ith.  by 
I'l-csidcnt  l.angdoii,  in  preseiu'C  of  the  G.meral,  his  olllcers,  and  a  mass 
„f  people,  and  was  received  with  enthnsiastic  responses.  It  was  also 
rc;„l  lo  llic  soldiers  nnder  I'ulnam.  on  Prospect  Hill,  on  the  l.slli;  ami, 
after  a  solemn  address  ami  prayer  by  the  fliaplain.  Mr.  Leonard,  at 
Vntnani's  word  the  soldiers  cheered  and  shouted  tlu^ir  ai.proval.  A 
cnnnoii  was  dischargc.l.  and  I'lUnam  displayed  a  Cmneclicut  Hag,  with 
its  motto.  Qui  TmKMHlUSmtinet;  "The  I'liilislines  on  Hnnkcr's  Hill." 
being  dismayed  by  this  outburst  of  "  the  Israelites." 

A^stir  was  made  in  tlic  camp  on  Sciit.  l:Uh.  by  11h>  fitting  ..nt  ,.f  an 
expedilioii.  under  Arnold,  for  (Juebee. 


150 


ciiiioNKi.K  OK  Tin;  Sli;(iK. 


AlilUVAr.    AM)    CONKKIiEXCK    OK    A    CoMMnTKr,    KIJOM   CONdliKSS. 

Tlic  C.mim.mckT  wiis  chccii'd  h\  tlif  iini\;il  ;ii  llu'  ("mil'.  ""  <)«'l"''*'r 
l.-,lli,  or  a  (•ommitlco  Hpccinlly  i.ppointrd  Ibr  llic  piiiiHiso  l.y  II,.-  1k«1.v  lit 
riiiladclpliiii.  with  wliic'h  his  only  pvvions  .•IimimioI  of  iiil.'iroiif^.'  Iiiul 
licfi.  l.y  Ultiis.      Dr.  Kinnklin,  Lyiicli,  of  Carolina,  an.l  Harrison  of 
Virtrinia,  camo  as  a  coniniittcp  on  a  rccoiistniclion  of  tlic  army.    Ollicial 
reprrs,.n1ativrs  IVoni  tins  and   Ih.'  otlu^r  N.  K.  provincvs  «cr.'  pri'scnt. 
Aiaicahli'  and  carnrst  discussion  rc-nlt.'d  in  immsiircs  wliich  wcro  lii-lily 
iMioonra-in.LC   to   tlic   ('..nuMandcr,  and    «hich   rallied    liis   lioprfnln.'ss. 
Still,  witli  llu'  winter  approadiinu',  lie  was  anxious  to  lake  soiiie  .■Ifeclive 
action  against  tlic  besieged  enemy.     He   retaine.l  the  delegates  till  the 
2-ltli,  and  wished  tlieir  advice  on  a  iiicasnre  which  he  had  proposed  to  a 
Council  of  War  as   to   an   .issault  on   Hoston   by   bomUanlmeiit.     llis 
oftlcers  in  coinieil.  admitting  that  such  an  attempt  was  desiralilc.  tlionght 
it  impraclicalile.     Tlie  Coiiiniillee  from  Congress  advised  thai  the  [irojccl 
be  referred  to  the  decision  of  that  body.      It  was  not   till  two  moiilhs 
aflerwanls    that   Congress  gave   Washington   aiilhorily   to  (h'slroy   the 
capital.     While  he  was  on  this  visit  to  the  camp  iManhlin  made  over  to 
a  Coimnittee  of  the  .Massachusetts  Assembly  thf  sum  of  £loO.  whii'h 
liad  been  sent  to  him  by  sympathizers  in  Kngland,  to  relieve  the  woundcMl, 
widows    and    children,    sulfcrers    by    the    battle    at    Lexington.      After 
the    formal    convention    at    the    camp    was    closed,    the   ccMuniiltee    re- 
mained for   friendly    discussion   on    many    imiiortant   matters.      Tliey 
revised   tlie   articles   of  war,    made   siigge-,tions   to   the   Congress,   pro- 
posed regulations  about  prizes  and  provisions  captured  at  sea,  tlie  cx- 
ohange  of  prisoners,  and  the  employment  of   Indians,  ami  so  defining 
and  conforming  the  authority  of  Ihc  Commander  as  greatly  to  strengthen 
and  encourage  him.     Congress  i .  iitirined  all  their  action. 

In  October,  intelligence  of  a  most  irritating  and  alarming  character 
was  received  in  the  enm|i,  of  the  burning,  by  M.ul.  Miiwall.  on  the  l.sih, 
of  .-,00  houses,  ami  M  vessels,  at  Falmouth,  now  Portland,  Me.  Wash- 
ington was  earnestly  entreated,  by  the  pcf>ple  of  the  sea-board  towns, 
who  were  constantly  in  dread  of  similar  outrages  fr(un  the  Uritish  licet, 
to  send   ih'lachmcnts  from   the  army   for  Iheir  protection.     He  replied 


CHHONICM';   Ol'   TlIK    SIIUiK.  I'" 

with  strong  cxpivssi.nis  of  sviiipiitiiy-  ''"'   ''"  •■■""'''  ""'   ''>  '■"H'l''''""-''' 
rt'iliici'  his  own  iiisnlllciciit  fnivi'!*, 

])]{.    HKN.TAMIX   nifliCII    CIIAIi(ii;i>  WIT"   TKKACllKIiV. 

This  jicMllcniiin,  «lic>  wiis  ii  oriuhuUe  ol"  lliu\iinl,  :i  liort.  a  piuniiiHiit 
Hiitiiol  witli  i.i^n  nnd  loiipic,  :i  in.'nilicr  of  tlie  I'lovinciiil  fonirross.  .•iiid 
«lio.  wh.ii  sent  on  :i  mission  to  tlic  Contiiiciitlil  Congross.  liail  obtainf.l 
thf  Miii.oinlni.'Mt  ofSui.;con-(;<'nfi!il  of  the  Army,  and  Military  Dir.ctor 
of  llosiiitals.  cauio  under  siisi.ii'ioii  from  li.'iiig  tU'tfctcd.  aliont  the  first 
of  October,  in  corrcsiiondcn(;c  witli  u  l.n.tli.^r-in-law  in  liosion,  «lio  was 
a  lory,     llis  inodiuni  was  a  voniaii,  and  a  Icltrr  of  liis  was  int.rirpU'd. 
writtwi  in  ciplior,  and  with  somo  diHicnUy  inlcrprotdl.     Tli.'  lotl.r  is 
ciTlninly  ambijrnous  in  its  contents,  hut  llie  circnu.slauo.'s  juslitied  his 
nrrcst  nnd  connncnient.     Ho  was  allowd  a  full  laaring  at  his  oxannna- 
lion  l)ofon>  tlie  CJeneral  Court,  at  Walertown,  on  tlio  elnugv  of  ooin- 
niunionlinfi  information  to  tlie  enemy.     His  ingenious  hut  evasive  plea 
in  his  defence  was  not  sntisfactoiy,  and  he  was  expelled  from  tlie  House. 
AVashington  laid  the  case  l>efore  the  Continental  Congress,  wliicli  sen- 
teiiecl  him  to  be  confined  in  a  jail  in  Connecticut,  without  pen.  ink.  or 
paper,  or  privilege  of  private  intercourse.     On  the  score  uf  failing  health 
he  obtained  relaxation  in  tlic  terms,  and  a  change  of  the  place  of  his 
duress,  ami  linally  permission  to  sail  for  the  West  Indies.     The  vessel 
ill  which  he  took  passage  was  never  heard  of. 


A  visnoij  TO  Till';  cami*. 

AVc  have  an  interesting  account  of  a  visit  to  the  camii  in  the  Life  of 
.lereiny  IJelknap,  ii  minister  in  Dover.  N.  H..  afterwards  of  l!o-lon.  the 
historian  of  Now  Hampshire,  and  a  principal  founder  of  the  .Mass.  His- 
torical Si)cicty.  He  was  a  luitive  of  Boston,  and  the  tidings  of  tlie 
alfair  at  Lexington  readiiiig  him  soon  after  its  occurrence,  he  Imrriod 
liither,  leaving  his  parish  to  excuse  his  absence  from  his  pulpit  on 
Sunday,  wliih'  he  loi'k  lilial  care  for  his  pareiils  in  the  town.  He 
remained  at  Cambridge  more  than  a  week,  in  April,  before  he  couhl 
brin"  about  an  interview  with  them  and  their  removal,     lu  the  interval 


l-)'2 


cmioxici.K  oi-  Tin;  sii;(ii;. 


Ill'  vM-utc  Id  his  uil'f,  ••  D.m'l  W\  my  j;iiii  :ui.l  iiiiiiMiiiiiliiiii  ;:rl  mil  of  llio 
liuiisi',  ir  voii  v.in  liclp  il."  'I'lii'  hiiilr  ol"  his  hcallli  (■(iniinlli'.l  him  (o 
(Icciiin!  till'  npiiiiiiilmt'iil  as  cluiiiliiiu  of  tho  ciiiiiii  to  Ihc  Ni'w  llampsliiio 
ti'oolis,  liut,  ii;iri'cii  >;  to  tiikf  liis  turn  in  pii'iirliin^'  tln'ic.  lo  Ihf  sohlicrs, 
In-  visited  tlic  caii'p  for  tli;it  pinp.wi'  in  Oi'IoIhm-.  In  tlic  discliaijic  of  liit 
fli'iicul  ofllces  Uicve  Ik- wus  given  to  nn.liT-lMml   ••  llial   it  was  olfcnslve 

to  pray   for  tlio  king,"   thont^li   llif  Conyivss    liail    not  yet    r<- iici"' 

nllc^ianco  to  liini  as  "our  riglilfnl  sovrrcij^n."  L'mlcr  Oct.  -inili,  lio 
writes:  — 

"  1  prayed  with  (ieii.  Tliomas'  refjinient,  (inarlered  at  llnxlaii-y.  and  afler- 
wanls  visited  llie  lines  in  ecinipany  witli  an  otVieer  of  tlie  pieijaet  jriiard. 
Niitliingstrni-Vv  me  willi  nmi'e  liorrm- than  tlie  present  enndition  nl'  ItuNliU/y  ; 
that  iinee  Ijn-y,  erciwded  Mr.el  is  ticiw  oeenpied  only  l>y  a  pir.|net  ;;nard. 
'I'ho  houses  are  deserted,  llie  windows  are  taken  out,  and  many  sliotdiolus 
nre  visihle;  some  have  lim-n  linriit,  and  otlieis  pulled  down  to  make  room  for 
lilt!  fortilieations.  A  wall  of  I'arth  is  carried  aemss  the  street  to  Williams'  old 
liouse,  whcro  there  is  a  formidahle  fort  mounted  with  eannon.  The  Iow.m- 
lim;  is  just  below  where  the  (li'orge  Tavern  stood  ;  a  row  (pf  trees,  i„,,i  and 
braneh,  lies  aeross  the  road  there,  and  the  Ijieaslwork  extends  to  Lamb's  Dam, 
whieh  form  a  part  Iherec.f.  I  went  round  Ihu  whole,  and  was  so  near  IIk! 
enemy  as  to  see  them  (thou},di  it  was  fof,';,'y  and  rainy)  relieve  tlieir  seTitries, 
which  they  do  every  hour.  Their  iiutmost  sentries  are  posted  at  the  ehinnn'ys 
of  I'udwn's  house."     [The  rebels  had  burned  this  iiouse.] 

"Alter  dining'  wi'.h  General  Ward,  I  returned  to  Candiridge;  in  the 
fcveniu<'  visited  and  conversed  with  (Jeneral  I'utuani.  Ward  ajipears  to  bo  a 
calm,  cool,  thoughtful  man;  I'atnara,  ii  rough,  fiery  genius. 

"Oct.  21st.  —  l)e  dned  at  Cambridge  all  day  by  tlio  rain.  Met  (ieneral 
Sullivan,  who  told  mo  he  was  ordered  to  rortsmoulh  i>|i  the  report  of  the 
destruction  of  l''almomh.  Uined,  liy  invilalion,  with  .Mr  MilUin,  (iuarter- 
master-( ieneral.  The  eomiiany  present  were  l>r.  l-'ranklin,  Mr.  l.yneli  ami 
Cidonel  Harrison  (a  comnntlee  from  the  Congress),  tieneral  Li'C,  etc.  (ieneral 
l.ec!  is  a  perfect  original,  a  good  scholar,  and  an  odd  genius,  Icdl  o(  tiro  and 
passion,  and  but  little  good  manners ;  a  great  sloven,  wretchedly  profane,  and 
a  great  adndrcr  of  dogs,  of  which  he  hail  two  at  dinner  with  him,  etc.  (ien- 
eral Washington  was  to  have  been  at  this  dimuu',  but  the  weather  preveul;d. 
lie  is  said  to  be  a  very  amiable  gentlennin,  cool,  sensible  and  placid,  and  a 
resolute  solilier. 

"  Oct.  -'-'d.  —  rreached  all  day  in  the  meetingdiouso.     After  meeting  I  was 


(  iiiioMci.i;  <•!•  •iiii:  sii;(.i:. 


i.-.:j 


ii;;;iiii  IhM  Ii\  iIi.>  ('li;i|il:iiii  lli:it  il  w;m  ilUiij,'n'i';il)li'  to  llic  :.'iiiit;iU  In  pr.iy 
Inr  till'  kin;;.  I  aii-wiTcil  ih:it  llm  samii  aiillmrily  wliicli  ii|ipiiiiiti'(I  tlio 
jfi'iicnils  liiid  oi'iIi'I'ihI  llic!  kin;;  In  111'  praycil  fur  at  llii' Into  ('onlincnlal  KiHt; 
mill,  till  llial  w:h  ri'M'lxi'il,  I  >liiiiiM  lliiiik  il  mi\  iliily  In  An  it.  Hr.  .Xpplctoii 
[tlui  niiirmiT  lA'  (lie  ilini'i'li  in  I 'aniliiii|;;i']  pr.iyi'il  in  llici  alliTnniiji,  ami 
111'  nliiincil  tl.  ■  kin;;  willi  inmli  allVrtiDii.  It  it  tnn  a'^ninin;;  in  tin'  ;;''ni'raU 
III  liinl  I'anlt  with  it. 

"()i-t.  '.'.""I.  —  .Mr.  Millin  a>-ui'il  inr  iIi'T''  wa-*  ii"  ili'-iijn  to  inaki'  .'in 
iissMult  upiiii  llii'lnn  viTV  .-mm,  anil  lli.il  it  wmilil  unl  I"'  ilnm'  nnli'^'i  it  was 
iiininl  (liat  imlliin;;  I'l.ti'  I'oiilil  liti  ilnnc.  I'lat-liutliiiiU'il  Imats  ai'o  piiparin;; 
wliioli  will  carry  -i\ty  nr  suvi'iity  men  at  mii'i'.  llarracks  an'  also  Imililiiijjf 
liirtliii  army's  wirilrr  i|naili'i'*.  'I'ln'  army  i-  licaltny,  ami  wi'll  .'^npplii'il.  I 
visiti'il  tin'  work.s  at  I'm^pcrl  Hill,  'rim  wralhi'r  brill;;  lia/.y  I  liail  not  so 
;;iiih1  a  vlinv  as  I  slmulil  wi-li ;  lint  I  I'lmlil  svv  tin'  cni'iny's  lini'S  ami  Iniililin;.'! 
at  Hunker  Hill,  ami  tin-  ilrsnlatiim  at  Cliarli'-iluwn.  \'i-ilril  al-m  tlni  winks 
at  riiiu;;lii'il  Hill  ami  WintiT  Hill,  ami  -I't  mit  mi  my  riliiin.  ili'. 

"  Oct.  ■.Mill.  — tint  liiiinc  [111  Dnvcr]  .iml  lumnl  tin'  tuwii  lull  i.l'  I'liil-iiimiiji 

I pli',  wliii  have  lii'iii  iiiiivin;;  with  llnir  cll'ccl<,  ever  -iiirr  llic  ile-ti  iiitiini 

of  KaliiiDiilh,  appreliemlin;;  llie  same  I'ali'."' 


.\    111  Mi  \(    I  l.lilSI  If    OliDI'.K    IN     I  III;    (■\M1'    11^     «•  \SllIN(i[(IN. 

'I'lii- liisliii\  ami  liaililiuiis  1)1' ciiliiiii.il  ainl  prnviiicial  lil'c  ill  lin-loii  '^ivc 
us  niiiiiy  illilslr.atiolis  of  Ihe  zeal  ninl  aliiiiiosily  of  tin;  (jcoplc  exiiiliitoil 
a;;aiiist  evcrylliiiiL;  pcniliaily  iileiililicil  willi  llic  cl.aiiiis  ami  nliservaiicos 
of  llic  Hiiinaii  Calliolic  Cliiircli.  Tlie  anuivcr^ary  assnci.atcil  willi  Ihc 
famous  (imipowilcr  I'lot  was  an  occasion  of  iiiaiiifcslalion,  partnlc  ami 
satirical  slmws  in  liosion  which.  Iiy  frcipienl  recurrence,  Innl  inaile  tin? 
ilay  line  of  alinosl  oliliL^aliny  reconiiilion.  linporlanl  issues  were  now 
«iis|iciiile(l  upon  the  hopos  ami  plan  ;  coiimclcil  with  iiiiivciiu'iit.'i  (lesi;;iR'il 
to  briiii^  Can.aila  iiilo  syiiipatliy  with  the  rcvnlliiii;  colouio.s.  Tiie 
llrilish  .Miiiisliy,  liy  tlic  fainmis  (^ill-lice  Hill,  hail  iiilroitly  sclicmcd  to 
secure  the  allcLriance  of  Ui'inan  Catholic  C.iiiaila,  aiiij  it  was  not  for  us 
to  aliciialc  it  by  any  insult  to  its  faith.  Tlic  followiiej  niilcr  was  issncil 
ill  the  Provincial  Cani')  for  Nov.  /ith  :  — 


^fE^iff%- 


"  As  the  Ciiminamlcr-in-Cliiif  lias  lieeii  apprised  nf  a  ilciign  furincil  fur  thu 
observance  nf  that  riiliculniis  ami  cliihlish  tustiim  of  burning  the  efligy  of  tlio 
rope,  ho  cannot  help  c\in-cssiiiLi;  his  surprise  that  therii  shc'il  bo  ollicers  ami 


154: 


ClIUOMCLE    OF    TllK    SIKGE. 


soldiore'  in  this  amiy  ?o  void  of  coninioii  soiisc  as  luit  to  sco  the  inipni])ri('fy 
of  such  a  sttj)  at  this  Jmutiin;;  at  :v  time  when  wo  aiv  solicitinjr.  and  havo. 
n.aily  olitaincd,  the  frii'ndship  and  atliancr  of  tlic  people  of  Canada,  wlioni  \vu 
(iiifrhl  to  eonslih'i-  as  bietliren  enihai'iied  in  tlic  same  eause,  tliis  (k'f(  iice  of  the 
"jeneral  liberty  of  Amenea.  At  sueli  a  juneture  and  in  sneh  eireunistances  to 
lie  insulting  their  religion  i3  so  monstrous  as  not  to  be  sulVered  or  exeiised ; 
indeed,  instead  of  ofl'erin;^  the  most  remote  insult,  it  is  our  duty  to  address 
l)ublie  thanks  to  these  our  brethren,  as  to  llicni  we  are  so  mueh  indebted  for 
every  late  hajipy  sueeess  over  the  eommon  encni}  in  Canada." 


WINTKli    IN    'nii;    (AMI'. 

The  unwearied  fori'thi)Uj;ht  ami  oversinlil  of  the  Comniauiler,  setting 
lielbre  him  all  the  ilelails  and  conditions  of  his  arduous  task,  were 
enjiajicd  in  uIkjuI  (Miual  measuremcnls  in  Iryini;'  to  a\crt  the  necessity  of 
keepini:  his  forces  inactive  tluduirli  Ihe  winter,  and  in  preiiarini;  for  that 
season  if  cmnpelled  to  remain  on  the  jjround.  The  I'roviiuial  and  the 
Conlinenlal  Coiitjresscs  jrave  him  Ihc  liel|i  of  Ihrir  most  earnest  wislies 
and  intents,  though  not  always  resulting  in  prom|)l  elliciency. 

lie  had  reason  to  liclieve  that  even  if  the  eni'my  made  no  ollensive 
(lumonstralions,  beycpud  an  oi'casioual  cannoiiadr.  throut;h  the  winter, 
strong  rcinforeemenis  umdil  Join  Ihem  in  llu'  sprite.;',  and  therefore  he 
de<'ided  that  the  sooner  he  could  strike,'  a  siron;;'  blow  Ihe  belter,  lie- 
sides,  Ihe  close  of  the  year  would  terminate  the  period  of  enlislnn'ul  of 
the  laiiier  portion  of  the  men  whom,  liy  incessant  and  riirid  discipline, 
he  liad  been  iiri'pariuij:  for  soldiejly  work,  and  Imn  in  upon  the  camp, 
when  it  was  most  weakened,  a  body  of  raw  recruits.  The  militia  of  Ihe 
iiciLiliborinu  towns,  snmmoncci  lor  a  few  days  to  meet  ^peci.al  cinerjjvn- 
cies,  was  his  only  resource,  In  comicils  with  his  ollicers  lie  mged  his 
own  view8  as  lo  Ihc  m'ccssily  of  .^n  assault  on  the  enemy  before  rein- 
forcements should  arrive,  ami  he  freely  avowed  bis  assurance  that, 
though  uny  sueli  enterprise  wonM  be  c\lremrly  hazardous,  yel .  if  his 

men  would  I'aco  Ihe  risk  n:cieou--ly.  il    liad  a  fair  chance  of  sncc<'ss. 

The  autumn  and  early  part  of  Ihi'  uirilcr  wer<'  compaialivcly  miM,  and 
his  hopes  of  seeing  llii'  liay  I igblly  hii'keil  in  ice — Ibal  Ihe  Icmpluliou 
lo  use  it  as  a  bridge  lo  lloslon  might  induce  his  ollicers  to  appro\c  his 
plan — were  disapitoinlcd.     liul  the  uncertainly  of  his  >chciue.s  in  this 


nnioxirt.F,  ok    riii:  "sikck. 


1", 


(lirci-licM  cuiil.l  iiol  uirsct  till'  ccitaiMly  th:il  lir  11111-.I  lie  in-cpiiml  to  keep 
liis  moil  (111  Wtr  -louii.l  lliidii-li  :!  New  Kii-I:iii.l  wiiilcr,  ill  whatever  sliapo 
it    ini'ilil   <'i)iiie.      The  men  N\ere.>l'  :i  .-oil  ami   training!:  aii'l   lialiil  of  lile 
thai    .li-|io>e.l   an. I   lilleil   Ihem   lo  ,1.)  the  liest  pos-ihU'  for  theiiiM>lves  in 
llii<  mailer.      They  wcro  i  ..iiteiit  witli  phiiii  I'aiv.  aii.l   there   was   iiu  lack 
(.r   it.     Tliey  showoil   llieir  iiip'iiiiily   in  llie  eoii-tnietinii  nf  hut-  am) 
sliaiilies  of   every  eoiieeivalile   pattern.      Al'ler  experieiieiiiu-    -ome    ilil- 
iieiiltv   in    providing   a    siillleieiit    qiiantity   of   lirewuo.l   the    I'rovineial 
Coii.irress  made  a  levy  on  the  town-  to  a  eoii-id.'ralile  di-tance  fr..m  tlio 
camp,  and  it  was  I'liriiislied   in  almndanee.     'I'lie  tiiiie-lionored  ■niaiiks- 
Ldviiii;   i'e-tival   was   hearlily   enjoye.l   on   Xovemlier   2:!d.     Orders  had 
been   issued   to  (ien.  Sulliv.-iii.  on  the  sovenlli  ol'  the  month,  to  tio  to  tlm 
protection  of  I'orlsnioiilh  aiiainst  the  fate  wliieh    liad   heeii   vi-iled    upon 
Falmontli.     On   Nov.  '.Itli.  alioiil   lour  liundred  ot   llie  enemy,  in   boats 
from  r.o-lon.  made  a  landini;-  at  hi^li  water  on    Leelim.  ri''s    roinl.  which 
WIS   tliiis  made  an   island,  lo  phiieler   llie   -loeU  there.     'I'liey  were  pro- 
.  lecled  liv  a  fri<_'ate.  and  by  lUiatiiiL;-  balteries.     The  alarm  drew  11  dctaeh- 
nient  of  the  I'rovineials.  who  eonid  reaeli  the  scene  only  by  foidiie.'.  and 
the  result  was  a  sliirmish  with  a  lo-s  i.f  Iwo  men  on  I'aeli  side.     The 
onomy  carried  olf  soim^  cows.     The  Poiiil  was.  as  staled  above,  stron-ly 
forlilicd  by  the  I'rovineials  on  llie  next  niontli. 

On  the  openiliii-  of  the  new  year  \Vashin;j:ton  received  Ihe  de-ired 
allowance  of  the  Conliiieiilal  Coicjrc^s  lo  ilcslroy  lio-lon,  if  he  found  it 
advisable  lo  do  so,  and  I'rcsident  Hancock,  in  transniiltin^  Ihe  mcssaee, 
endorsed  it  with  his  full  ap|iroliation.  Ilioii^h  he  wonhl  have  been,  per- 
haps, tlii"  hipzesl  snircrer.  The  nionlhly  expel -es  ,,f  AV.a-hiiejIon's 
army  were  e-limaled  by  him.  at  Ihe  end  of  the  year,  at  827.'). HHO. 

The  union  Ihisj;  had  l>cen  Ihiiiu-  lo  Ihe  bree/e  with  he  irly  cheeriiiL;'.  on 
the  new  year.  Admiral  Schnldam.  who  had  just  come  into  Ihe  harlior 
lo  displace  Craves,  broiidil  with  him  an  .■.lilion  of  the  king's  last  speech 
in  opening  rarliament,  full  of  the  si.iril  of  delianee  and  resohilion  to 
crush  a  "rebellions  war.  manifeslly  carried  on  for  llie  purpose  ,if  estab- 
lishing an  independenl  .aiipire."  The  reading  of  it  in  llie  caniii  was 
received  with  sIioiiIh  and  jeers.  A  l>old  slrolu'  was  made  on  Ihe  cven- 
inirof  ■T.an.  Hth.  by  a  party  under  Major  Knowlton.  to  burn  some  houses 
then  left  on  (■harl(>s|,,wn  ?M'ck.  Il  was.  in  a  dc'jrec,  snccessfid,  and 
caused  a  iianic  in  lioslon. 


156 


(intOXICLK    Ol-    TIIK    SIEGE. 


THEAI'MKNT   OF    I'lilSOXKIIS. 

As  ill  Mil  cM-.s  (,(■  MiciKilioiK  >lnl>'  niid  ••csistMncc  on  flic  piirt  of  any 
tonsi.l.Tiiblo  IKirlioii  of   subj.rls  ,.r  •■iliznis  in  tli.ir  ivlalions  witli  m. 
ostahli-hcl    novonim.Mil.  «1i.m,   nvIkU    bo^ins   ;,s  s.Mlili.Mi  and    V(lu.'Iic- 
«nits  the  issue  of  .'Vcnts  to  ,l>vi.l..  wliWlior  it  shall  hv  crnsliea,  or  vo^    ■■■■ 
iu  snwossful  and  ruToniidislunl   ivvoliUion  ;  so  in  the  struggle     :'  ■' 
l.crc  n.lu.iisc.d.  one  of  tho  most  .lilioal  <inostions  opened  in  i(s  .arUest 
sficr,    „iis  the  treatmnil  and  disiH.sitinn  to  be  made  of  those  persons 
,vho  became  ob,ioNi.,ns  to,  or  «e,e  liist  seized  in  aetnal  armed  hostility 
toaulhorilv.     There  was  no  nniisiial  <M,.irse  adopted,  no  peenliar  seventy 
oxereiscd  'bv  tl.e  Ihilish  eommander  here  in  tieatin-  Hie  reb..ls  ulio  first 
(Vll  into  his  hands  as  su.h.  unless  w..  reeoe„ize  as  of  that  eharaefr  the 
arr-vanee  and  supeveilimis  disdain,  the  assunipticm.  e.mtenipt  and  con- 
ceit'"of   an   easv   triumi.h   over  a  .U'spieable   enemy,  wliieh    marked    the 
^vhole  ollieial   ,-n,id,ic't  of  the  rovalists   in   their  dealin-s  with  Hie  pro- 
vincials.    Of  .'onrse,  the  military  titles  borne  by  the  rebel  oflicers  eonld 
not  be,  even   in  conrtesv,  allowed   iu   inleivourse  with  them,  and  i,  was 
assumed    that     uo    .listiuetioii    would    be    made    between    them    and    the 
soldiers.     As  in  all  such  eases,  too.  consideration,  tolerance,  and  all  the 
measures  that  liradnally   reeo^'.ii/.ed  the  pendin-  of  au  issue   to  which 
there  was  eoiuvixablv  more  than  one  result,  w.ue  won  by  tlu-  rebels.  an,l 
yielded  on  the  royal  side,  only  as  the  former  proved  that  they  were  lU 
eanu.M.  and    were  not    to  be  trilled  with.     The  security  of  the  revolt.n- 
pane  in  everv  sUeh  ease  is   to  po~,es.   tlumisclves,  as  soot.   as  possible, 
„,■  i',„,  „„.aiis  and  materials  for  retaliation.     It  came  to  be  a  matter  o( 
rc-ret  with  (ia-e.  and  his  lieutenants,  that  the  most  able  ami  ohnoxh.us 
le.ulers  of  the  rebels  had  not   been   seized  aceordin-  to  the  purposes  of 
,„e   ministrv.   an,l   .eut   to  Kn^laud   lor  trial  as  traitors.     They  would 
probablv  even  then  have  eseape.l  with  their  lives,  at.d  merely  been  held 
as    pled'ucs   <,f   the    orderly   caidu.'t    of    their    fellow -subjects,   as    when 
Ileurv  I'.aurens.  heariu-  .lespalches  fnuu  the  ivbel  Cou-iess  to  Holland, 
was  intercepted  on  the  hijrh  seas,  and  conlined  iu  tl:e  Tower  of  i.otidou. 
IU  Ca-e's  pn.clan,atiou  of  .luue  l-'tli.  whh'h  it  now  appears  was  written 
ivir   liiui   bs    the   pe,i   of   llnr.o>ue.    llaneoeU    and    Samuel    .Vdatus    were 
..vmiptcd    from   ti,e   ,,a,do„   olh^ed    to   aU   who  would    tlieu   avail  them- 


cimoxiCLE  OF  TiiF,  snccji;. 


157 


sclvps  of  it  by  suliiiiitting  to  tlic  roynl  jiovoriior.  Xot  to  lio  oiililuiic  in 
the  mutter  of  i;i-hcc,  tlicniuli  tlioir  list  of  the  |n'osoi'ilic'il  w:is  u  ImiLrer  one, 
the  I'loviiR'ial  C'oiif,ncss,  on  .lime  UUli,  'ly  in'oeliiinntion.  oll'eiod  !i  full 
i\iu\  free  |iiinlo!i  to  soMiei-s,  tories,  anil  ;ill  sorts  "of  public  olt'eiiclers 
iiijainsi  tlie  riLflits  mid  lilierlies  nf  tliis  eoiiiitry.  exci'i.liiiL:  only  tVoni  the 
benefit  of  sneh  imrdoii."  the  (ienend,  the  Adinir;d,  nil  the  Miindamiis 
Connseliors  who  had  not  resigned,  and  all  not  beloiiiring  to  the  royal 
army  or  navv,  who  had  aided  in  liie  n'ceiit  "  rolilii'ries  and  murders." 
The  Continental  t'onjrrcss  had  given  attention  to  the  niatler  of  retalia- 
tion in  the  seiznre  of  any  of  the  iiatriol  party,  and  the  ("onimittee  of 
Safety  had  advised  the  I'rovineial  Congress,  on  .Inly  ('.th,  -to  reeom- 
niend  to  the  grand  Amerieaii  Congress  that  every  erown  odlcer  within 
the  united  eolonies  be  immediately  seized  ami  held  in  safe  custody  until 
our  friends,  who  have  been  seized  by  Gen.  (lage,  are  set  at  li!  ity,  and 
■fully  reeonip<'iised  fir  their  loss  and  impri>oiiiueiil ." 

These    '•  frii'uds    seized    by    (iagi'"    were    some    |iromiiieut    oll'euders 
in    Hostoli,   whom    he    had    eouimilted    to   the    jail.     .lames    |.cp\|.ll    and 
■lohu   Leach  weri>  heic  couliucl.   with   roiejli  treatuieiil.  -ixty-live  days 
each,  on   the   charge   of  being  spies;    I'eter   Ivies  and  William    Starr, 
sevenl\-tivi'   days   eai'h,   for  concealing   tire-arms,   and  .lohu   (iill,  a^a 
prinica- of  seditious  matti^r.     liesides  these  were  the  pri-onei's,  about   a 
score,  tak'ai   at    liunUei'  Hill.      It  was  alleged   that  the   woundeil   aiuoug 
these    wiae    uegl.'cted   or   brutally    treati^d.      In   .a   cdutMeulial    letter   of 
Burgoyue  to   Lord   Koehlbrt,   before  (jiioli'd,  he   winlc.   ■■My  advire  to 
(  b-neral  Cane  has  been  to  treat    the   |U'isouers   taluMi   in   the   late   action. 
most  of  whom  are  wounileil.  with   all   possible   kin.lncss.  and   to  di>ini~s 
tlu'ui  without  terms.      '  Von  have  been  di'ludiMl  ;  reluiii  to  your  homes  in 
jieace  ;    it    is    vour   dut\    to   (lo.l    and   your   country    to   undeceive   ycuir 
nciiihluas.'      I    have    had    opportunities    to    sound    the    uiiiuls    of   these 
peo|ile.      Mo-l    of   Ihiaii  an-  men    of  goo,|    uiiderslandiim-.  liiit    of  iiuK'h 
picjudicc.  and   slid   more  (acdulily  ;   tlu'varcxct    ii;iioraut    of  their  t'ate, 
and  sonn>.  of  llicui   expect,  when  they   ri'eover.   to  lir  haiiLivd.''     li  »as 
indeed   to   that    fate,  as   (ailprits   and    rioler~.  that    Ceil,    toa-e    liicd    lo 
atlracl  the  fears  of  siieh  a-  fell  into  hi-  hands.     W  i-hiiig|on.  on   Aui:'. 
ll.addies-ed    a    leilerl,i   llie   ( icueral.   rtuuon-t  rating   again-t    his   thus 
treating   |iri-ouers  i>f  rtar  as  felon-,   and   threalcniii|j;  full   |-ctalialion  to 


ins 


flII!OVI(r,K    OF    THK    STKCK 


ol,„oNio„s  pcixnn^  ii.  h\<  iKHwls  «lm  h:i.l  till  tluM,  l...,'!.  f„rlH.Mrii.<rly  .loalt 
l,v.      I„   this  Ipll.r  Ciiuv   is  il.'scTilM'.l    as    lulint:    iiiwl.r    '■  iniiMstri's." 
(iaiiv  ii-ain  il-r,l  \W  pen  ,,r  r.ui-oyiu.  for  a  r.rlv.  a.Miv~s,..l  Id  •■C.'Oivo 
''    shingtou.  Ks(|."     r.urL'c.viu"  .^ivcs  us  tho  Icltrr  as  ho  wmlc  it,  au.l  it, 
•       ,.ars  that   (laiiv.  in  coining'  iLaildwl  lo  il  Iho  following  Sfiilcin'o : 
■    I'ill  1  ira.l  voiir  iM>imiations  in  iTgafd  to  ministers,  I  conwivcHl  that  I 
ha,l  ac'.Ml   unilrr  the  king,"'  .'t...     Tine  to  lii.  tlnvat,  Wa-hinjrton  jiavo 
ordefs  that  M.na.ohnoNions  yrv>nn>  and  i.iiscnu'is  in  his  hands  slmnld 
bo  confined   in  eoininon  jails;    hut    for  s,une  reason   the   severity   was 
rdaxed.     H.^  had  oeea^ion  to  write  a-aiu  to  (ia.-e  on  the  same  Mil.ject, 
Awl.  'ilMh.  and  aKo  on  Dee.  iMli  t..  Cen.  Il<me,  on  the  brutal  treatment 
of  Kthan  Allen.     This  ollieer  was  put  in  irons,  earric^d  to  Kugland,  then 
shifted  between  New  Yorl<   and  llalifaN,  at  wlii.-h  last   flaee  Mr.   Lovel! 
was  earried;   and  tlieir  treatment  was  the  suhjert  of  mm-h  corresp.md- 
en.'C.      r.nt  eart.ds  and  eNehanges  soon  dis|.osed  of  the  whole  matter. 


liflU 


;OVNK    ON    'fllK    SITlWTinN    IN    liOS  fON. 


Another  eonfidential  leder  from  (Sen.  I'.urgoyne  to  Lord  Roehfort, 
wiitten  in  the  summer  of  ITT".,  and  which  has  been  liist  made  public 
(his  year,  contains  -ome  v.^ry  ittterestiug  disclosures.  Tlie  expedition 
to  whi.'h  the  (;en.'ral  refers,  as  suggested  in  his  iireviuus  letter,  was  an 
element  ..f  a   scheme   devised   by  him  in  answer  t.)  a  supposed  question. 


whether   nothing  culd   be   .lone   in   the   campaign 


of   that    vear?     His 


scheme  was.  that  the  rov  al  foices  should  seize  and  occupy  Dorchestc 
Heights,  and  that,  leaving  fur  the  ret.aition  and  defence  of  the  three 
pcnLsiilas,  Charleslown,  Uoston  and  Dorcliesler,  one  thousand  men  for 
each,  the  remainder  of  the  army  -  possibly  two  th.msand— sliould  he 
cmbarUed  to  cruise  along  the  coast,  threalciung  the  sea-board,  dividing 
the  piovineials,  using  etforls  of  policy  and  strategy  to  thwart  th.; 
l,lans  of  the  rebels  and  to  sow  alienation  liclwci^n  th.'  provinces.  "  I 
begin  no«- to.h-pairof  IhecNpedition  of  which  I  exi)resse.l  i)romising 
liopi's  in  my  la-t.  Kuteriui.c  is  not  ours.  Inertness,  or  what  is  equal 
to  it.  attention  to  Muall  objects,  counteracts  or  procr.astinates  nndertak- 
iu-s  when  u..  visible  objection  lies  to  them.  Hut  I  lake  with  great  pleas- 
ure  th;s(.pi""Hi"''.^'  ''»''"  J"-""^'''  '"  '^^''-  ''"»'•'•  •""'  ""'  ^^•''"'"■"'  """'^ 


cintoNicr.io  of  tui:  i^ii:(ii:. 


15!) 


t„ke  t.,  hi.ns.lf,  mul  nrCMmt   lor,  a  great   sIkuo  uf  ouv  inactivity,  -nr 
ilis"riicf  iiiul  iiur  ili^trcss. 

"  I  will  not  un.kutnke  a  task  so  usoloss  at  present,  an.l  so  rcpi.-naut  to 
my  .lisposilion  as  to  ,,arti(a,lari/.e  it.Maiwes  of  these  M.islbrtm.es,  b„t  the 
.rlari,,-  laets  are  not  to  he  roneeahnl  :  tlu.t  tnany  vess..ls  have  heen  taken, 
ollleers  kille.l.  men  n.Ml..  prisoners  ;  that  large  nnmh.a-s  ..f  swift  hoats. 
c.;,lh.,l   whale-houts,   have  been   snpplie,!    to    the    enemy   at    well-known 
,„wn-  on  the  eoast,  i,.  xvlneh  hoats  they  have   in>i,lle,l  an.l   i.lun.hTed 
i.lan.lsinnne,liatelvnnaerthe  protection  of  onr  ships,  and  at  n..on,lay 
lan.lea  in  force  and  set  lire  to  the  light-hoMs..,  ahnosl   tuuler  the  gnt.s  of 
two  or  three  n>en-of-war.     I  an>  t.ot  M.nnan  enongh  to  say  that  a  vgdant, 
,,„,  ,,,,in.'  enen.v.  .■xcellent  hoataaai,   an.l  knowing    perfectly  how  to 
tin,c  winds,  tides  and  cnrrents,  nnght   n,.t   possihly  elh^et  these  explotls 
in  spite  of  anv  diliuenee  on  the   other  side  ;   hnt    1    know  tmt  where  an 
ox.atse  will  he  fonnd  for  not  enforcing  in.tant  rotitntiot,  and  reparatnm 
where  boats  have  been  furni^ied,  i,rivateers  titled  onl,  prizes  carried  in, 
„,  ,„,,usions  refnsed.     And  this  otnission  is  the  more   CNtr.aordin.ary, 
l„,ause,  before  the  proclamation  <,f  martial  law,  the  Admiral  breathed 
„„lhing  bnl  in>patience  and  llanie  ;  and  since  that  1  kt,ow  tIen.Mal  (inge 
has  nn.ea  him  in  vain  to  put  his  former  schemes  into  execution. 

..  1,  would  be  invidious  to  pr.M'ecd.  1  have  said  enougli,  «hen  com- 
pared witli  the  ol,servations  I  had  the  honor  to  transniil  by  the  C'rbr.rw^, 
U,  prev.mt  vour  lordsliip  forming  any  very  sanguine  cNi.eetalions  of  this 
,,^,„p„i..n.  "  I  an.  afraid  it  will  re.p.ire  a  good  deal  more  activity  than  we 
have  yel  sliown.  to  ptvvcnt  fami.te  in  the  town,  if  t.ot  in  the  army,  when 
winter  aiiproaehes. 

'•  (ieneral  Cage  appears  to  be  not  disinclined  to  an  idea  of  evacualmg 
Huston,  if  he  can  make  himself  master  ..f  New  York,  and  of  taking  up 
his  winter-quarters  there;  and  there  is  nmch  solid  rc.as,u,ing  in  favor  of 
il.  Tlu.  post,  in  a  military  point  of  view,  is  nu.ch  more  ini|iorlant.  and 
,„„,,.  ,,,„,,,,  ,„  begin  the  oi.erathms  of  tn'M  can.paign.  In  p<ditieal 
considerath.n,  yet  more  nnght  he  said  for  it.  and  in  regard  to  general 
supnlv  the  neidd-orhood  of  Long  Island,  and  other  adjacail  t^lands, 
wm.'hl  allord  ..une  assistance  that  we  want  here,  lint  on  the  other  hand, 
,„  ,,„i,  |,„|,|  ,,,„i,vlv  of  Massachusetts,  at  least  before  solid  footing  uas 
.,l,,:,ined    else«he.e.    tcpntcs    vcr.N    tnatnre  retleclion  ;   1   «o,d,l   not  be 


]()() 


CllKOXICLE    or   TllK    SJlXilO. 


umlcrstodd  to  give  my  o|)iniiiii.      'I'lie  exoculion   of  iho  nioasiirc  nlso 
woiiM  (li'iiiiinil  gi'Ciit  I'liR'siglit,  si'fi'ccy,  iiml  (Mlicr   iii:ui;ii.'('mciit.     Tlie 
iiilialiitdiits,  IVieiicls  of  Goviinimciit,   i]iii>l    not   Ijo  left  Ijeliiini.      They 
MdiiUl   iiMiuiic  11  va.--t   (]ii:nility   of  sliiiipiiig.      'I'Iil'  iin'irlKiiulisc  in  the 
town,   grcnt  |i;irt  of  wliirli  lirlongs  to  nli-*onK!CS,  iiud   ought  to  be  con- 
liscati'il,  iunoiints,  I  am  told,  to   tlio   valm^   of  tlii'ce  Imndivd    tliousiuul 
pounds.     Tliat    deposit    ouglit.   surtdy    to    be    detained;    to   pi'oservo  it 
to   thu    pi-opiieloi'S,    if  innocent;    to    tlie    public,    wliei'o    lliosf    should 
bo    guilty;    and  from  the    use   of   the   enemy   in   liolli   c::  .es.     I   think 
it  pcjssible  Ceneial  liage  may   not  liave  mentioned    tliis   eiicumstaiu'O 
to   Government;  and    I    sul)mit   it   to   your  lorilshi))   us   one   of  great 
importance,    and  upon   wliieh   1   hope  orders  will  be  sent   from  home; 
for    I    foresee    a    man    of   the  (ieneral's   scruimlous   integrity    (a    part 
of    Ills   cliaracter    tliat    entitles    liim    to    tlic    greatest   honor)    may    bo 
induced  rather  to  relimiuish  or  burn  warehouses  upon  an  exigency,  tlian 
sul'ject  liis  ri'imtiilion  to  the  breath  of  slander  by  laying  liis  linger  upon 
;nnvate  iiro|)erly."  ..."  lint  wliellier  tlie  selieme  of  leaving  Boston  takes 
place  ill  tliewliolc,  in  pait,  (jr  not  at  all,  be  assured,  my  lord,  the  army 
will  be  in  danger  of  peri-hing  with  linnger  and  cold  the  ensuing  winter, 
if  the  proper  depart  incuts  here  do  not  fully  re|)resciil,  and  the  depart- 
ments at  liome  fully  lielieve,  tlie  impossibility  of  any  solid  supply  of  any 
article  whatsDcver  except  from  liritain  or  Ireland.     At  iireseiit  tlie  sick 
and  woumled  .are  witliout  broth  lor  want   of  fre.-li   provisions,  and  the 
poor  ensign  I'aunot   draw  for  his  pay  at   lc>s  tliau   liflecn  per  cent,  dis- 
count." 

The  very  interesting  matter  from  tlie  pen  of  Gen.  liurgoyne  is  drawn 
from  a  volume  bearing  the  following  title:  "  Tolitical  and  Military 
Episodo.s  in  the  latter  half  of  the  ISth  Century.  Derived  from  the  Life 
and  Correspondence  of  the  Kiglit  Hon.  John  IJurgoyne,  Cicneral,  States- 
man, Dramatist.  ]>y  Edward  ISarrington  De  l'"onblaiii|ue.  London: 
Maciiiilhui  it  Co.      l.^TO." 


Dr.STUlClldN    OI'-    "  I-IllKIM'V  -'H!1;K." 


Olio  ilct  of  pure  spitcfuliiess  on  the  part  of  the  Hritisli  soldiers,  during 
their  occuiiancy  of  Boslon,  t(^ulcd  lo  concentrate  the  p:itriotii!  attach- 


CUltONlf'l.K   OF   TllK    SlKdK. 


K'.l 


n,o,U  ^vl,id,  tl,.  pooplo  luul  tor  ton  y.^rs  M.   for  .  conspicuous  o...... 

":i..i.u.,,  with  tUo  spirit  or  ..il...ny.     This  was  ,„e  w.nto,,  ,le.n„.„on, 

,vi,h  insulting  .Icnumstrations.  of  .he  '^'■""";;'''";';^-'';".  ,,.^,^  „„  ,,„ 
Th.,.  part  of  Washington  stro.t,  then  call..!  Onu^e  stu.t.  on  -h. 
eoi  .  ,h.  pn.s..nt  Kssck  street -then  AnchnnUy's  h.ne-w.>s  Un..vn 
r  nover  .p.-o,  opposite  the  eorner  of  Krog  h.ne.  now  UoyUon 
1  the  site  .f  the  M.rUet  hnihlin,.  On  the  s^nare  stood  a  sni,s  .n- 
,  ■,,    ,,,,h.-    •u.dtwo  h.r-e  ehinn.eys,  in  theyarUof 

tial  wooden  house,  xvitli  gahh>,  and  two  u  „  . 

.vhieh  was  a  h.fty   and  spreading  eln,-.ree.  one  of  a  .lu>t   ,    ncu    ,lu 

:!.  This  w..  Kiherty-Tree.  I-^'^-^'-  ^^n  Th:; v 
e  U  Us  inauguration,  date  fron.  the  nigh,  of  Aug.  13  1 .  <,.,  A  1  1>^ 
Ls  .dMl.  citizens  of  Boston  had  ,al<en  the  .ithM,f  "  sons  o.  .d,e,, 

u  .ppellalion  o.lVred   for  their  use   hy  .),eir  .Viend  Col.       .rr.  n,  h  s 
.fori!  speech  on  their  side  in  the  House  of  Connuons        .n      e  e.eu- 

t  just  .imed,  an  e.ligy  of  Andr..w  Oliver,  Seereta.y  o.  ,he  Vrov.uee 
a,:,  who  was  to  l,c  the  distrihu.or  of  the  odious  s.an.ps,  was  suspended 
1      ,u.a,K.,,ofthe.ree,aeeonH.udedl.yangu,.eof,he     evdpnng 

out  of  a  .....  and    holding   .he   Sta,np   Aet   in   ins   luu.d     wuh   o.l 
lurieal  end.len.s,  _  a  very  hard  pun  upon  i>is  Majes.y's  hated  Seot^h    .  - 
.„.  ,he  ..:arl  o,'  Bute.     On  the  .u.t  n.oruing.  as  a  great  cn.wd  eollee  e. 
ud,  so,ne  of  the  neighbors  atten.pted  to  ren.ove  the  decor^d^ns,  hnt 

:.„ >rned  to  desist.     The  sheHtf  was  o,.dered  .,y  the    .,eut.-(.over  o  , 

,.  C'hief  -lustiee,  to  take  then,  down  ;  but,  on  viewu.g  the  seene.  and  ,., 

conditions,  he  pronouueed  the  attempt  dangerous. 

,.  wouhl  appear  that  this  i,,ge,nous  deviee   lor  exp,vsMng     on, 

.udhos.iU.v.o.l,eKarlorBu.ewasnoto,.iginalon      .ssuleoltlK 
,,,„,.     A  Boston  ,,aper  of  Aug.  '.'O,  17G3.  contains  the  follown.g.- 

..A,„n,t  two  n.iles  .Von>  .loni.on  there  was  suspended  on  an  apple-tree 
lU.ut  ow  over  .he  road,  a  .igure.  as  hig  as  li.e,  dressed  in  Se,,.,-,,  pla„  ,  ...h 
!::;:;;;  .o  rese™„le  a  rihhon  over  one  shoulder,  and.  on  a  pan...,  ..oa.d. 
alVixed  to  the  tree,  were  tliese  lines:  — 

"  '  iWhoht  the  man  who  made  iW  yoke, 
•     Wlueh  do.h  Ohl  Kngland-s  sons  provoke; 

And  now  he  hangs  upon  a  tree, 

An  emblem  o.'  our  liber.y. 


1(5:; 


cinioxKi.K  OF  THE  sir.(ii:. 


'  Now,  l!i-itons,  :ill  juii.  lioart  ninl  liMiiil, 
His  sly-sclicined  project  )o  ■willislaiiil, 
That  all  our  scms,  as  well  as  wo, 
May  have  our  "  Cider  go  Soot  free." 

'  '  Libei-ly,  I'ldperty,  and  No  Kxeiso.'  " 


Tlic  clligy  was  tiikeii  down  on  the  night  of  the  11th.  and  lioriie  liy  a 
mob  to  Oliver's  residence  on  Kort  Hill,  where  it  was  IhmiiI,  driviii;^-  him 
and  his  Caniily  fnnn  his  honse,  which  they  defaced,  and  stoning  the 
Lieut.  Governor  and  Shcrilf  who  sought  to  disperse  them.  On  tlio 
2t'ilh  of  the  month  Ihe  rioters  did  the  same  violent  and  destructive  acts 
Ujon  the  dwellings  of  Mr.  Sl(.ry.  of  Ihe  Ailmiralty,  ot  :Mr.  Ilallowell, 
of  the  Cnstoius,  and  of  the  Chief  Justice,  Licnt.  (iov.  lliitcliiuson. 

Other  clligies  were  luiug  on  the  tree.  >'ov.  1,  17(1."),  tlie  day  when  the 
Stamp  Act  was  to  take  ctlcct.  amid  mourufnl  and  riotous  diMU(Ui>tra- 
tions,  miifUed  bells  lolling.  Hags  at  half-mast,  inllannualoiy  lumdliills 
and  wandering  mobs.  The  clligies  were  twice  taken  down  and  carried 
in  procession,  restoreil.  hung  on  the  gallows-tree  on  the  Neck,  and  at 
night  destroyed  with  cheers. 

I'nder  the  apprehension  that  Mr.  Oliver  would  still  attc  iiii>t  to  dispose 
of  the  stamps,  he  was  summoned,  ou  N(jv.  ll'.,  to  a|)l)car  at  the  ticc  on 
the  next  day,  '•  to  make  a  public  res'gnation."  He  asked  that  the 
ceremony  might  transpire  at  the  Town  House.  I'.ut.  no.  He  must 
come  to  the  tree.  There,  with  a  company  of  two  thousand,  including 
the  selectmen,  nu-rchants  and  best  citizens,  he  subscribed  a  (hrlaration 
attested  by  liichard  Dana.  Justice  of  the  I'cacc.  This  precious  paper  is 
now  in  the  [lossosiou  of  the  venerable  K.  H.  Dana,  grandson  of  the 
Justice.  Oliver  also  made  a  siicech.  expressing  his  ■■  utter  detestation 
of  the  Stamp  Act." 

Henceforward  the  trei'  became  endilcmatic,  and,  after  a  sort,  sacred. 
liy  a  vote  of  the  Sons  of  Liberty,  on  February  II,  ITiiC.  it  was 
"tiininied  after  the  best  manner,"  by  sonu'  cariicutcrs,  under  tlie  direc- 
tion of  a  skilful  gcntlenuin. 

On  the  r.lth  of  Jlay,  in  celebration  of  the  Ucpeal  of  the  Stamp  Act, 
llie  tree  was  the  centre  of  mcny-niaking  and  festivity,  with  illuminations 
and    lircworks,  and    bells  ringing.     Tlie  tree  was   Imng   with    garlands 


niiioxTrr.E  ov  tiik  sikcik. 


1()3 


nii.l  colors,  iiM.l  a  polo  risiii.j;  in  lln'  vrnWc    of   it.  hy   its    now  si._niili- 
Ciiiicc,  iloubtloss  loooMoiliMl  vvIimI  ivniaiii.'d  in  tlio  town  oftlioold  I'mitan 
tni.litioiiiil  dislilic  of  iK.los  drosscd  in   May  timo.     (;o\vfnor  llMncork 
wolcoinod  the  pooplo  to  :i  pipo  of  Madoii'M  on   the  Common,  wlicfo,  also 
at  niiilit,  was  raisod  a  pyiamid  of  two  liumliod  and  cifihty  lamps.     On 
tho  ovi'nin.i:  of  tlio  next  day  tlioro  was  a  fostival  of  lantorns.  liorno  by 
innncnsc  crowds  of  mm  an.l  lioys,  with  all  sorts  and  dovircs  (jf  illumi- 
nations around  llio  troo;  and,  to  add  to  tlio  j^oncral  joy,  a  oollooti.m  was 
takon  up  for  funds  for  disoliar;j;ing  all  who  woro  in  prison  for  dolit,  by  a 
general  Jail  delivery,  that  tlioy.  too,  miehl  sliaro  in  Uio  L^hul  merrimont. 
Tho  heart  of  Uoston  was  warm,  though   its  will   was   robollions.     Kn- 
gruviu'js  are  oxlant  of  a   fonr-sidoil   obelisk,   with   its   oniamenis    and 
insoril>tions,  wliioli  was  set  under  I.iherty-Tree  al   this  time.     'I'lie  sides 
b(MV  rmle  p.)rtraits  of  (leoriio  III.  an.l  Qnoon  Charlotte,  of  the  Mar.pus 
of  Koekiui,'liam.  the    Duke   of  York.  Con.   Conway,  Lord  Townsliend, 
Col.    Harro,    Wm.    Titt.    I.ord    Dartmouth,    Charles    Townshend.    Lord 
(ioorge  Saekvilli'.  .lolm  Wilkes.  .Mderman  lieekford.  l.onl  Camden,  oic., 
with    an    oxtraordinary    variety    of    .leviee^    .and    emlilemalie    oouoeits, 
piteous,    boastful,    sareastie    and    devout,    willi    ten    lines    of    patriotic 
rhymes,  d.'tiant  in-  mournful.  <ui  each  side.      Taul  Krvere  contributed  liis 
n-enins  to  this  ronmrkable  piece  of  symbolism.     Wlien,  on  September  1 1 . 
tlie  news  arrived  of  a  change  of  ministry,  a  copiier  plate  :',]   feel    liy  l'.V 
was  strongly  nailed  to  tlio  tree.  iuserib.M.  -''riie  Tree  of  I.iberly.  An^-. 
M.  ITG.V"     Tlio  faino  which  the  tree  had  accpiired  in  Kngland  is  sh.nvn 
l,y  the  eiirimis  fact  that  aliout  th<'  time  of  the  catastrophe  to  bo  presently 
rWated.  there  ,lied.  al  liaekway.  near  Cambridge,  Kngland,  a  geutlemau 
named  I'liilipBilles.  Ksq.,  who  left  to  two  gontlemon.  not  relatives,  his  con- 
siderablo  fortune,  on  condition  that  they  would  faithfully  exoouto  his  will 
by  burying  his  body  under  the  shadow  of  Liberty-Tree  in   l!o>lon.  Xew 
Kiiuiand.     This  statement   appears  in  the  "Boston  Evening  .Gazette," 
Am^  •-'-'.  ITTL  copied  from  an  Knglisli  publiciition  of  .lune  :!.     Tho  troo 
nmst  be  considered  as  having  put  forth  and  oast  its  leaves  through  suc- 
cessive seasons  in  sym|ialhy  with   tho   patriots  who  had   attaehed  to  it 
their  lovo  and  veneration.     It  was  lu'canse  of  what  it  thus  .ymboli/ed  to 
Ihem   that   it  was   hateful   to   the    British   soldiers,   who   doomed   it    to 
destruction.     On  August  Itli  a  party  of  them,  led  on  by  a  lory  laciiuoy, 


IM 


CIIKONKI-K   OF   TIIK    SIKOK. 


Job  Williams,  cut  il  down  ana  Imnifd  il.     A  soMi.'i'  wlu)  "as  h.^^mg 
olloiio  of  its  biandu's  Ml  willi  it  aii.l  was  iiislanlly  killwl. 

Lafaycll.'  said,  in  a  sproch  whii'li  !»■  mado  dnring  his  visit  t..  lioston, 
in  18-.'l,"Tlu' world  slioidd  nuvcr  loig.^t  tli«  spot  wliwc  onco  stood 
Libeit\-Trc'o,  so  (unions  in  your  annals." 

TllK   HKSllUil-.I)    IN    liOSTON. 

AUacconnts  agm-  in  ivpresontin-  tlic  condition  of  the  anny  and  the 
people  in  the  town,  dnrin-  the  snrunuM-  months,  as  involvin-  -enoral 
distress,  with  discontent  and  apprehension.  The  ministry  in  K.i-land 
,vere  i,erplexed  as  to  whether  Ih.y  shonld  give  poMtive  instructions  to 
tla.ir  (ieneral,  or  leave  him  to  his  own  jialgnient  ;  and  he  was  evidently 
distracted  in  that  judgment,  unable  to  h'ave  Boston,  and  unwilling  to 
remain  in  it.  Happily  for  him  he  was  to  be  reheved  of  further  responsi- 
bility, as  despatches  received  in  September  recalled  him,  nominally  to 
givc'information  an.l  advice.  When  he  left  he  expected  to  return  here. 
Before  his  de|.arture  he  issued  several  proclamations. 
Tlie  fuUowim;  lias  interest  •  :  — 


-A    COMMISSIOX     UV     HIS    KXri:i.M:N('Y,    THE    HON.    THO.MAS 

(;.\(;r.,  capt.  cknkkal,  (;()\t;i!N()K-in-chh:i',  &c.,  &o. 

To  CijF.AN  l!ursii,  J-:. -"j II ire:  — 

"]ncreas,  there  are  large  (iuantities  of  (i.u.ds.  Wares  and  Merelm,uli/.e, 
Chattels  and  KlVeets,  of  considerable  Value,  left  in  the  Town  of  lioston,  by 
rersnns  «ho  have  thought  proper  to  depart  therefrom,  which  are  lo.lged  in 
Dwelling-houses,  and  in  .Sliops,  and  Store-houses,  adjoining  to,  „r  nink.ng 
I'art  of  Hwelliiig-houses; 

.  I„  tl,e  calnnet  c,f  the  Mx^s.  llistoriral  Society  is  preserved  in  a  h.r(,'0  vohnne  a 
PcrU-s  ef  l'rnel.,nata,nsl..y  the  several  licyal  Governors,  with  hroa.l.hles,  lly-leav.s 
anJ  n,i.eellaneoas  i.rinn.I  papers,  of  a.ueh  historic  value.  1  aa,  indehu.l  to  th,. 
source  for  tlie  ilocuuients  here  eopieil. 


(  lli;()M(  I.K    OF   Till'.   SII'.(ir.. 


Km 


cxpr..ss..,l  s.,n...  K.-urs  ...m.-.n.i,,^  th.  SalWy  of  s„rh  ( ;o,„ls  ..i.-.'i.niy  as  ;:>•... 
iCt  ..!■  tl,.  II0U...S  will  n,.>-..s.inty  1...  o,.,M,,.inl  by  Ihs  M:,i-ty'H    Irunp.  an.l 
„;, ,  ,,.„,l,.w,.,>  nf  ,1„.  Anny.  as  llarracks  .Imiu^  ,1,,.  \Viul.r  s.a>..n  :    T.  ,u..t 
„,..  K,,,,H  „!•  Ih.  Inl.abitaul..  anM  ,u..ro  ..s,,..,.ially  ...  tak,.  all  -In,,  oar,,  lyr  U.e 
Vn.s..rva.i..M  oCsu.-h  (i.,o,ls,  Wan.s,  an.l  Mcr-han.li... :    I  !.-.•  tl,..u,d,t  .,.,  an, 
.,„  ,,„,,,v   ,„.l,..nz,.   an,!   appnint  you,   .1.-   sai.l   Cnan  I'.rnsl,.  to  tak,.  an,l 
,,,,,ive   int..   vouf   CUV.    all    sn.h   (io„.ls,    Chaltols  an.l   K.lV.ts.  as  n.ay  bo 
voUmtafily  .U;Hv..,-ea  int,.  y.-nr  Cbar,,,  by  .!..■  Oun-rs  .,1  sn.-l,  .;.».,ls,  o.  tbn 
l...,.s.„>  .,.■  IVsnns  wh..so  Care  .hoy  may  b,'  1.11  in...n  y..ur  ^'.vm,.;  lu...   -U  I.  . 
tl...  sa„>o :  r,n.l  v..u  are  t.,  tak.  all  .In..  Cam  th..r.„r.  a,„l  ,„  ,l,.liv..r  saul  C.o.mIs 
when  caU...l  up..n,t,.  tb.,s.  t„  wi,„n>  y,.n  shall   have  .ivon  K,.>...,l..s  b.r  tho 
sanu^ 

..  (liv.n  nn,l..r  n,y  lbu„l  au.l  S..al.  at  ll.a,l-,,uartors  in  U„M,.n,  the  lir.t  day 
(if  (),t..l),.r,  ITT.'i,  i^:,..  "TlWiMAS   (iACE. 

..  Bv  IIU  Kx.,.llun..ys  ( Vnnnan,l,  __  ^  ^^_^^,^_   ^^^,^^^^^^.^   ^^^^^,, 

.•ty  lly  ()r,l.r  ..r  .1.,.  C'.„nn.an,l..r->n-Cln..f,  pr.,i„.r  Apart, n.nts  in  Ka,,onil 

„,U  ar„  ,n.ovi,U.,l  for  the  l!,.....pti"->  "f  -""  <" '^  ^  -'>■ '-  ''"""■':'• 

Att..n,laneu  will  bo  given  In.n,  T.n  o'CW'\.  evry  n.-.rnin,^'  'uU  On,-. 

Tin.  properlv  of  tl...  .•ili...ns  wbieh,  acconlint:  .,-  .1-  o.U..  was  s,..r...l 
in  Fanonil  UMl.  ^vas  ,.en,ove,l  a«,.rwar.ls.  that  the  buiMln,  nu.bl  be 
„sc.l  by  tbo  IJritisb  oHleors,  lor  theatrical  pcrroru.anees.  It  was  eon- 
sefpn.nily  for  th.'  most  part  scatterea  an-l  lost. 


CKKAN     r.UlMl. 

We  are  na.nrallv  eo.u.erned  to  ,  ^  who  was  the  tnan  bearing  sneh  ttti 
CNtraor-linarv  natne,  to  whon.  tho  Hoyal  Cietu^ral  co,n,nit....l  s,..  .  a 
responsible  Service,  and  how  be  disehar.ed  it.  The  ,.eople  .Iriven  fr<>ni 
tUeir  bo,ne.s  ha,l  left  all  tins  valnable  prop-.-.N'  at  risk  ;  and  when  on  the 
approach  of  winter  tho  Getteral  lonn.l  it  n.'.-.ary  .,>  house  his  artnv,  ho 
wished  to  eiuplv  .storos  and  dwellings. 

Croan  Brnsh'wa.  a  ,nan  of  ill-reptUe.  an.l  of  n  stortny  eare-.r.  an,l  he 
,„„.,  „.  ,„  „„,„,,,,.  on.l.  lie  tnay  be  traced  in  Dr.  (.'Calladtan-s  D,,c- 
,„„„„arv  Ili.storv   of  New  York.     He  was  born  it.  Dnblin,  bre,l  I,,  the 


lUG 


llll!()M(JI.K    OF    TllK    SIKCii:. 


liiw,  !in>l  niltiiiltoil  to  iniutic'c  in  Now  York,  wlicrc  he  liclil  olllcc  iiinlcr  llii' 
IVoviiiciiil  Sccrfhiiy.  IIi'  appciirs  as  :i  violent  iK-lor  in  tlic  controvcTsics 
mill  lioslilitics  lii'lufcn  till'  iHilliorilics  of  New  Yoili  uml  (lie  M'lllcrs  in 
till'  so-callrd  "  lliMiipsliiiu  {iruniM,"  now  Vcnnoiil.  «lio  licM  lill<>s  fioni 
tlic  (Jovcnioi-  of  Nkiw  lliinipsliiiv.  clis|HiliMl  liy  Ntnv  YoiU.  In  tliosc 
oontrovor.-ii's,  llic  liinions  Ktliiin  Allen  :iiiiir!us  consiiicinMisly  iis  one  of 
lliu  st'llU'i-.  His  wil'o  Wiis  a  sli'ii-dantjliter  of  Creiin  lliiisli.  lirnsli 
liiid  iiiaili'  liis  way  to  IJoston  in  llic  aulnnin  of  I'T.'i,  and  had  so  ingra- 
tiated liini>t'll"  with  the  (leneral,  as  tn  liave  llie  abuve  Inist  assigned  lo 
him.  Karlv  in  lli.'  next  year,  in-  olitained  I'loni  (ien.  Howe  anlliority  lo 
raise  in   the  town  a  body  of  lln-ee  Inindred   loyal  volnnteers  were 

to  servo,  lilie  the  eorps  of  Hoyal   Fencilile  AniiMieans  ahead  'zed 

in  tlie  town,  on  eeilain  leiins.  .Inst  previous  to  the  Kvaenaliua,  as  wo 
shall  see,  Howe  <j;ave  hiin  another  coniniission.  niwler  which  ho  set  an 
example  followed  by  loo  many  others,  hardly  worse,  however,  than 
himself,  of  bri'aliinLr  open  aMd  |iliniderinn  liouses  ami  stores  of  I'Mrnilnrc! 
and  tioods.  He  paeked  his  own  s|ioils,  lo  the  v.alne.  it  was  siud,  of  a 
hnnilred  tholl^and  dollars,  on  board  the  biieanline  Klizalielh.  While 
the  heavily  laden  vessel  was  ;.lra;_'.i;ling  oil',  lo  join  Ihe  ileparlinu-  Heel, 
she  was  eaplnred.  with  Ihe  robbers  in  her,  by  the  j^^allaiit  .Manly,  and 
brought  baek  to  ISoston,  eiviiig  occasion  for  a  sharp  ipiarrel  belween  the 
owners  of  the  goods  in  her  and  her  ca|itois.  lirnsh  was  put  in  jail, 
lu'avily  ironed,  in  l!o>lon,  .and  kepi  under  rigid  restrictions,  marked  by 
merited  iialiguities,  though  it  would  seem  that  he  found  means  for  gross 
intemporauce.  The  next  year  he  was  joined  by  his  wife,  who,  after  ho 
liad  been  iii  prison  more  Ihau  nineteen  monlhs,  contrived,  by  disguising 
him  in  her  own  clothing,  lo  enable  him,  on  Ihe  night  of  November  5, 
1777,  to  get  onl  of  jail,  and,  by  preparations  she  had  made  for  him,  to 
ellci.-t  his  escape  to  >ew  York,  lie  lirst  went  to  ^'crmont,  to  look  after 
his  lifty  thousand  acres  of  land.  He  fell  into  further  trouble,  —  his  estate 
was  muiulv  confiscated.  I'lider  grii'f  .and  remorse,  he  blew  out  his 
brains  witli  a  pistol,  in  .May,  177.S. 

I'KINIlNi;    IN     llOSTON. 

Willi    Iheir    pioelanialioMs    and    nolilicalions    of    various    kinds.    Hie 
lliilish  (ieneials   furnished    miieli    mailer   I'oi    the  press  iu  lioston.      lieu- 


■-="*1§^W«^- 


fiiKitMf'i.i'.  "I"  •riiK  sir.iiK. 


1()7 


•„,„.v..ll,.„s  ,„• >-.oM   .1...  PM    .imlfn,,'   npol-   llns,,,,,. Um.l   to 

,vn,l.  11,.  swMiM.U.  :m.l  nn,  only  In  u.t  out  .,f  ih.  unvn  InniM.ir.  l.ut  1o 

<.,„.n«i.Uun,.nnM,uv...:,n,l..M,„.lnu,„s„nv,,...     11- H <  ''- 

i„    ,„..    llri.i^l.    intcrct,   .Uuing   tU.    Si..^.,    a,,,!    brr   l.R-    ^^:>^    -H 
icilninizi'il. 

I'KIM  I.AMATIKNS    IIV    (il'.N.    (iACK. 

-,„.,rnll,nvi„..-:mfnr:,s..,.,-,.inin,M!„.  nrnnl..,-..!', pi.   uMl..  l,.v„ 

,,,,V  l.ne  1....M  l.,n,,,i-t,.,l  l.y  u  .Wr.  t,,  giu.  iMlnnualioM  in  l-.n^l:u,.l  : -- 


..in-   rm:  covkiincu.    a  tikk  i.amatiox. 

..  Th,.  Cin.nn.lancv.  n,'  „„.  Inhal,i.an.-  nf  H,.  Tuun  m'  /;„Ww,,  l,.in^  -n,-!, 

.^s -- :..•>-' -^ •"- '"-'■'■'•'■ :"';:';:;::::;. 


rptrtl) 


.,,„,„.„.     ll,avMl,uuj;htlil   l..i-u,.tln-  |,r.n.lamali..n.  n.|nHU, 
;,,.  Nan„.s  „f  c.v,.,-v  lnl.al,i.a,..  in  >ai,l   T.un  ,th,.  A.n.y  an,i  Navy  .xcv 
,„,nM.  lMaca.s  or  Al,n.Us  nn.o  Ha.  T.un  MaJ,as  a,  1,U  (.m-m  1-;-.  1-- 
,.„  „,  ,„.,■„,.,.  Tlun-.lay  n,.v.,  .la.  I'ir.l,  ,lay  of  this  In.lant,  ,1-Ungn.lnn,  .lu 
Mal.s  l-n.m  lIi.  l-Vn.al.s  Nvilli  tlu^ir  ivspcativ.  A-rs. 

..  An,l,  I  .lo  lK.,-cbv  fuHla  r  ......uiro  of  ,..■„■  INt^om  .la,.  n,ay  lu.m,n,.^.on.o 

i,„„  „.,.  Town  of  JS.MOU,  inM,a.,lia.,.ly  -MWv  .laa,'  A.rival,  .o  ..n....  tlaar  ^am,.s 

Ml  llai  oII'k'c  al'oi'csaiil. 

..(;iN,.n  at  P.oMnn  thr  S.^oaJ  Day  ..f  (Ktol,,-,-,  177:.,  &>■..  &''■ 

■'THOMAS  (;a(;k. 

..  Uy  His  Kxc.U,.n.-ys  fonnnan.l.  _^  ^^^^^^^_^^  pi.uCKKl!,  ^-..■//. 

.•CdD  Save:  llic  KIN<1." 

■  l-,,,,  ,„„„,,,,  „,•  i„,„l,i,an.s  oil,..,'  .ha..  s„l,lio.-s  was  ..slnnato-l  al  n.o7;l. 
„„1   „nl„.   M,l,lio,s.   will,  . hoi.'  w,„n.n   an,l  ohiM.vn.  at    l;!,0,X).      Ihe 


^■*.«^^l^*^--' 


KiS 


ClUiOXIf'I.F,    l)K   THE    SIECJK. 


[x'Ojilo  wen'  required  to  bo  in  llicir  lioiisos  at.  niiu!  d'cloeU',  .'unl  tlie 
strci't-,  uiiirli  well'  (l:ilk  iUiil  clMiiLreroiis.  uoit  |i.Mticilli>(l.  A  v.ilr  liild 
been  passi'il  at  u  towii-iiirrtiiiii-  in  177-'!,  to  piirrh.-ise,  in  Loiiiloii,  llirco 
hiliKbfil  slri'ol  laiiiiis.  liul  they  wi'ie  on  l)ci:inl  oiu!  iil'  tlii'  loa-sliips 
that  uiMU  a>lioiL'  dii  ('aiie  (Jcid,  in  1  )rc('i]ilifi'  nl'tliat  year. 


lit  iKiovM'.s   I'lii'.A  niif'Ar.s  IN  lidsroN. 

(Irnrral    I'lMi-Lioync   lia.l   nearly    luDn tli-^   lunger   stay  in    the   town 

art<-f  Cia'je  liad  j/om'.  Id  nialiiie  iVeely  hi-  uw  n  (iiiinions  in  a  ehisef  iii- 
tiniae\\vilh  hi-  enHeairue.  (ien.  Howe,  tlien  in  ihu  eliief  cuniinand, 
while  Clintiiii  wi  nt  over  to  (,'haileslown. 

In  the  iiksome  eonlinenieiit  and  inuline  ol"  irarri-ori  lil'e,  wherever 
oflieors  ean  lind  lemale  a-  iates  and  friend-,  there  i-  always  one 
resoni'ee,  however  I'oreed  ami  tame  it  may  he,  which  will  be  -oniiht  a-  a 
relief  from  de-|iondene\  and  inaidty.  Such  of  the  -I'X  in  I'.o-ton  as 
iiidnltred  toiy  liroclivilie-,  and  -tieh  were  not  laekiiii;.  with  altiaetions 
of  U'raee  and  enltnre.  re-|ioiided   to  the  <-lforl-  of  the  oMleer- to   provide 

a— 'niblie-  and  danee-.      'I'la  -e  were  held  in  (' eri   Hall,  whieh    has   so 

reci'iilly  di-apiieared  from  tlir  -ontherly  e(prner  of  (.'onri  and  llanover 
street-,  'riiere  were  other  wnnien  ii\  I'.o-lon.  who  wonlil  lake  !!(•  pall  in 
sneh  uiivetie-.  In  a  eohlidenii;ii  letter  which  liurizdyne  wrote,  .Vu'j;. 
I'Dlli,  to  .Vltoriu-y-deiieral  TImrlow,  he  refers  with  some  eonipiaeeney  to 
the  lilerarv  labors  wliii'h  had  oeeiiiiieil  his  constrained  leisure,  as  he  had 
lieen  •■called  upon  to  draw  .a  |ien  in-teail  of  a  swoiil."  "  If  the  procla- 
mation for  t  lie  e\erci-c  of  martial  law,  the  eoi  ic-poiidcncc  with  l.ee,  or 

the  an-wer  lo  \Va-hin;ilon  upon  the  -nbjcci    of  rebel   pri-o ■-,    fall  into 

\onr  band-.  I  re(|ne-!  you  |o  con-ider  llio-e  prodnelioii-  with  all  the 
allowance-  your  candor  can  -ueuct."  Ihil  the  writer  i-  -ilciit  a-  to  his 
kindh  intended  ellorl-.  .a-  a  man  of  plea-iiiii  social  iiualilic-.  to  con- 
tribilti'  to  the  amii-iunenl  of  tlie  melancholy  circle  in  I'.o-lon.  ,\  -cries 
of  llic.atrieal  exhibition-  wa-  ;.:i\en  niider  hi-  direclioii.  in  l''aii(iuil  II;dl, 
hi  (he  autumn.  On  the  adjoiiiiuL;  pa^'e  is  a  fac-simile  of  the  aniejunca'- 
meiil  of  tie  li,e_;ed\-  of  '•  /,.aia."  which  w.'is  acted  seuial  timi's.  liiir- 
eo\nc  wioicthi'  I'loloiiuc  and  tlii'  l.|iilojuc.  the  roiiiicr  of  which  was 
-pokeii  li\    I, Old   Kasvdoii,  .ami  the  lallci   \.\   a  Voiiie.;  I,id\.  ten    \cai-   ■p|d. 


On     S  A  T  II  R  D  A  Y     next 

Will  be    I'I'RFDRM'D 

By  a  Society  of  LADIES  and  G  E  N  T  L  K  M  K  N, 

At    FAN  EUI  L-H  A  LL, 

The  TRAGEDY  of 
Z      A      R      A  : 


ps 


The  Expcnces  of  the  Iloiife  being  paid,  the 

Overplus  will    be   apply'd  lo   the   Benefit   of  the 

Widows  and  Ciiildreii  ol  the  Soldiers. 

N„    M.,..cy    will    l.c    talun    .t    ll.c    Uocr.    l.ut    Tickets   u-ill    l,e    ,l.li- 

\c'ic'.l  Tcwh,\   and  •lo-iiu.now.  between   the    Hours  of  !':it;ht 

mul    Two,  :U   iJoctor  MoKius's  in  ScliDol-rtroet. 

PI  r    One   Dollar,    GALLERY 
Ouarter  of  a  Dollar. 

The    Doors   to   be    open    at    1<  I  V  F:  ,    and    be^in 
precifcly  at  S  I  X  o'clock. 

»    *  T  1  C  K  K  r  S    fiii    I'liilay    will    be    taken. 

yminl  /\c:v  ct  Rcgina. 


cin:ox[CLE  of  tiik  sikgk.  100 

In  tlii'so  coiiiposilioMS  tlio  wrilfi-  ptoinl-lmiiiorcilly  ri>litiiU's  (In-  pnplery 
jiinl  I'liritnn  scvi.Tily  of  llio  l'>usl<iui:nis,  bill   nrLics  tin'  Hi^'li^li  Injops  to 

"  fnllo  the  warrior's  witli  Ihn  patriot's  larc, 
An-l  wliilsl  you  hiirji  to iiiUi-T,  wi^h  to  •«paro.'* 

Wliilo  llic   miiiu'j:  I.'kK's  conclii.liiig  nil  iioiiils  lo  tlif  lumglitino^s  ul' 

rclicUioii,  :inil  l:i.\s  it,  down  tliMl, — 

"  lluly  111  fumulo  breasts  slionM  sjlve  tlic  law, 
All'l  mako  cVll  love  olin.lI'Mlt  to  I'apa." 

A  rofciTnCL'  to  lliis  pcrfonnnnro  is  rniiini  in  a  Ictlff  a.l.hv",<i!  by 
Tlioiniis  Sltmlfy  — second  son  of  I.opi  Derby  —  to  IIii,t,di  Klliol.  til'tfi- 
Sliuiloy's  ivliini  to  l!ns|.iii.  uliciv  lie  Imd  served  on  Bnrodyiie's  sttitr. 
[Memoir  of  ibe  Ui.dit  ll"ii.  llii-li  Klliot,  liy  tlie  ('oiinte-.s  of  :\Iinlo. 
p.  ',»2.] 

"W(!  acted  the  traic.dy  ol"  /nrn  two  nio;lits  bef.irn  I  left  liost.m,  fur  llie 
bonelit  of  tlie  widows  and  ebiUlfun.  'fhe  probj^iie  was  spol<en  by  l.-rd 
Itawden,  a  line  fiUow  and  •,'oud  s,.l,|i.'r.     I  wisli  you  knew  liim.     We 

took  abov  ■  .it   the  door.     I  lioar  a  frreat  many  people  libime  tis  for 

aeting.and  tliii.  we  ii.lu'ht  l.av  iv.iitid  sonn'tliin^rbett.'rt.  d-  but  General 
Howe  follows  the  example  r.|  f.e  Kin  :  of  Prussia,  wl....  n  eii  IVinee  Ferdi- 
nand wrote  him  a  lonif  b;ll'  .  nienliouins  all  the  diilieiilties  and  ilistresses  of 
the  army,  sent  Imek  tif  foll.uvinu  .Mei,e  answer  l)e  hi  gaiete,  eneoiv  de  la 
gaietc,  et  tonjoiirs  de  la  gaiety.'  The  female  paiis  weiv  tilled  by  y.mng 
ladius,  Ihon-h  some  of  the  Boston  ladies  wore  s„  pnidisi.  :-  lo  -ay  this  was 
improper." 

Later,  in  tlie  enjnymeiit  of  these  tie  <  ie:ils.  the  speetators  and  tlin 
nelni-s  I'xpeiieiieeil  a  somewhat  rude  shock.  (Ml  the  cveiiiiiL;-  of  ,Ian. 
8th.   ITTli,  a   farce,  called   •■The  liloekade  of  l;.i-i..ii.-'   was  iip.m  llie 

stairo  in  Faneiiil   Hall.     One  of  the  aebes.  > cMiiliiej:  a   travesty  of 

Ci'ii.  Wa-liiiejioii.  had  come  in  in  irrol.  •  .iray,  '\ilh  wiu'  and  ni-ty 

.sword,  with  a  scpiire,  in  .similar  array,  carryin.e;  a  rusty  <iiin.  .\i  this 
moment  a  ser.ncaiil  rushed  in  shontinir.  "Tlie  Yankees  arc  attacking 
onr  work-  on  Hunker's  llil!."'  For  a  inomeiil  this  wa-  taken  lo  !ie  a 
pari  ..f  llie  pla\ .  Hnl.  on  lie'  next,  ( ieii.  II. me,  ulio  w:i-  piv-eiil.  gaw 
the    order,  ■•oHieers.  lo    \oiir    alarm    |io:-l>:"      I'licre   was   an    inslanl 


170 


L'llKOXICLK    OF    THE    .SIKCJi:. 


(•lowaiii;^  MiHl  nish  to  the  door,  with  a  Iniiitint;  iiiid  sliii,.l<iMg  of  the 
ttoiniMi.  The  iiliinn  \v!is  cmisi'd  liy  llif  cHlwiinsc  of  Jl;ijor  Kiiowltoii, 
lirMl-  Cliarlcstouii  >;c(.'lv,  whciv  he  Iki,1  Lmurd  mhiu'  lioiisos  iisfd  liy 
till!  ISfitisli,  C!m.siii,i;  u  lui.tilit  cMiulhi-nition,  liad  UiUi'd  oiio  mini,  mid 
lirouf^ht  (iir  five  prisoiuTs. 

i;kni;u.\i,  iiuwf,   in   command   in    I'.nsrdN. 

Tlic  now  coiniiiand.T  of  llic  l>(!sif<ji'd  town  showed  h  drsiio  to  do 
luiylhiii-  witliin  liis  i-nwiT  nud  irsourcos  to  put  hi- army  into  the  best 
condition  possible,  iiud  to  be  pivpaivd  for  a  canipai.i:!!.  or  any  tMiicr- 
goncy.  But  his  ciiibarrassnu'iits  and  disabilitifs  proved  to  be  the  same 
as  Ga.u'O  had  eneoiintered.  Dnriii.i;-  tlie  summer  and  autumn  there  was 
prevailing  siekness  in  the  town:  the  hospitals  and  many  private  dwell- 
ings were  tilled  with  sulloiers.  poorly  ministered  to  ;  and  the  inhabitants 
were  in  a  eoiislant  state  o(  distress  and  alarm.  The  following  proela- 
mations,  issued  by  the  General,  exhibit  the  directions  in  which  his  zeal 
manifesled  itself.  In  a  third  publication,  of  the  same  dale,  be  forliado 
any  one,  who  had  perniissi..n  to  leave  the  town,  to  take  away  with  him 
more  than  livi>  pounds  sterling. 


"A  rilOlb.V.M.M  KiN.     liy  His  Kxcelleiiey,  the   Ib.n.  Wm.  Howk,  Major 
(Inieral,  and  ('ommander-iii-C'hief,  tte. 

"  U'/irmis,  it  is  hereme  the  indispensable  Duly  «(  every  leyal  and  faitliful 
Citizen,  to  centrilaile  all  in  his  I'ower  for  tlie  I'lv-ervation  of  Order  and  good 
Covermiieiil  within  the  Town  of  I'loston: 

"  1  do  hereby  reeommcnd,  that  the  Inhaliilants  do  immediately  associate 
themselves,  to  be  formed  into  Companies  under  proper  Omcers,  selected  by 
me,  from  among  the  Assoeiators,  to  be  solely  employed  within  the  I'ri>cinct3 
of  th(!  Town,  and  Ibr  the  Purposes   diove  mentioned. 

"That  Uiis  Assoeiation  be  op.  iied  in  the  Council  Chamber,  under  the 
Direction  of  the  Honorable  I'el.  i  Oliv.u-,  Foster  Hutehinson.  and  William 
Urown,   Kstiuires:    on    Monday   \Ur    thiilieih   Day    of   October,    177.-|,  and 


CniiONlCLK    OF    TIIK    HU'AiK 


171 


CnllllllU 

saniL' 


,„|  i-orlow  l):iys  Cniowin-,  th:il  no  ()n,>  nmy  pl.M'l  hrwn-.mco  o{  iho. 


"Om  uf  Ih..  NmiiL.T  ul-  I'rr.^.ms  vnlMiUnrily  ruWnws  into  thi.  A-<^<.rh.t,..„, 
..II  s,„.l.  .s  ar..  ..M..  to  aUcha,-..  tl.«  Duty  requirca  of  tl.om,  slmll  1,.-  properly 
Annu.l,  .n,l  au  Allo«-an...  of  Fm.l  :m.l  l>rovisio„s  bo  n>:ul,.  to  tho.o  r,-.,u,r,n.:,' 
tl,.   s,u«.,    .qaul    to   wl,at   is   i^^m'.!    -o    His    M^i-ty's   Troops   witinu    tl>o 

"'''(•u'vn  at  llra.l  Qiuirtors  in  ISoston,  tl.is  Twonty-^i-htl.   Day  of  Odoli.M-. 
l'~'>-  ••\V.    IIOWI'.. 

•■  l!y  lli^  Kxn.ll..noysComM,an,l,  ., ,.( .liKllT   MACKKNZtK." 


-A  PHOCLAMATIOX.  by  His  Kxo,.Henry  The  Honorable  Wll.UAM  IIowK, 

Major  Oiieral   an.l  CommaMiler  in  Cliief  of   all    His   Majestys   iM.rcos 

within  the   Colonies  layin.LC  on  the  Atlantie  Oeean,  from   Nova  Seotia  to 

West  Florida  ir.elusiv.',  .Ve..  *e.,  ^-e. 

••  WllKUKAS,  several  of  the  Inhabitants  nf  this  Town  have  lately  al,<eon,le.l 

to    join,    it    is    ap|„-ehen,le,l,    His     Maj^'sty's     Knemies,    a-.'nible.l     in    op''" 

Kebellion: 

.'  I  1),),  bv  Virtue  of  the  I'ou-er  an.l  Anlhority  in  me  vested  by  His  Majesty, 
forbid  anv  Person  or  Persons  wh,  •e^,■r,  nol  belon-in-  to  the  Navy,  to  pass 
,V„„,  heaee  by  Wat.-r  or  otherwi-e  from  the  Date  hereof,  without  n>y  Order  or 
Permission  i;iven  in  Writing'. 

•  >  ,VsY  Person  ..r  Persons  defeted  in  tlie  Attemi.l,  or  who  may  be  letaken, 
upon  .sullieient  Proof  thereof,  shall  bo  lialdo  to  .Military  Exoention:  and  those 
.vho  eseapo  shall  bo   tro,Ue,l  as  Traitors,   by  Soiznro  of   their   Ooods    and 

EITeets. 

..  M,  Masters  of  Transp,n-ts  or  other  Vessels  sailing  from  henee.  unless 
„„,,,,.  the  imtnediato  Order  of  Wann.el  (Iraves,  Esq.,  Viee  Admir.al  ol  the 
While  Ae  &e  .V,'.,  or  . )11ieer  eomman.lin.";  His  Majesty's  Ships  of  War  on 
tlHsSersiee  lor  Ihe  Tone  hr\u^.  nvr  hereby  strietly  fu'bidden  to  reeeivo  any 
IVr-un  or  Persons  on  Hoard  without  my  Order  or  IVrmi-^-ion  in  W  ntm-. 
Any  .Master  or  others  deteeted  in  Disobeyin-  this  Prorh.mation  shall  be  hable 
(o  -neh  Fine  and  Imprisimment  as  may  be  adjud;,'ed. 

..,;!,,,„  ,a    l|,,,d   (juarlers   in    liuslon,  this   I'weuty-ei-hlh   D.iy  of  (l,-tol,e,-, 

1770." 


172 


ciutoMCi.K  ()!•'  Till',  sii:(;i:. 


At  tlio  end  of  Xnvi'iiilnr.  while  the  sniiiU-pox  \v:is  i-aiiiii;^  in  tlic  town, 
Ildwc  M'lit  o\it.  to  rnilil  Shirley  .Mini  Chelsen.  Iiumlreils  ol'  the  ile-liliito 
inlKiliil.-uil>.  with  niitliiiiir  liut  .-i  scvinty  allowMiiee  ol'  ruiiiiliii"  :iii'l  cldtli- 
ini:'.  Ill'  h:nl  L;i\('ii  (inlers  i\>i  tlie  di'striK-tioii  of  one  of  the  meeting 
lioiises  of  tlie  tciuii,  anil  a  large  niniiber  of  lioiisos  ami  barns,  for  fnel  ; 
anil,  as  ailvantage  was  taken  of  this  oiilcr  by  the  soldiers  for  private 
devastation,  ho  issued  a  waiiiing  against  such  wanton  inisehief.  The 
I'rovost  was  connuissioiied  (o  go  his  ronnils,  .attended  by  exeentioiiers, 
and  at  onee  to  hang  detected  olfenders.  It  was  umler  the  stress  of  sueh 
eireninstances  that  the  folhjuing  was  issned  :  — 


"A  PROfl.AMATIOX,  by  His  Kxeelleney  the  Una.  Wm.  Hnwi'.,  Mitjor  Cen'l 
and  Comniaiiiler  in  Chief,  &e. 

"  Wiir.itlCAS,  the  present  and  ajipreaehing  Distresses  of  many  ef  (he  Inhal)- 
ilants  in  tln'  'fown  ef  linsten,  freni  the  .s^eareity  and  high  Prices  of  Provisions, 
Fuel,  and  other  necessary  Articles  of  I-ite,  can  only  be  avoided  by  permitting 
them  to  go  where  they  may  hope  to  procnre  easier  Means  of  Subsistence  : 

"  Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  all  those  sulVcring  under  the  above-mentioned 
Circumstances,  who  chuse  to  <lcpart  the  Town,  may  give  in  their  Names, 
Abode,  Nnmbei'  ami  Names  of  those  in  family,  Klbils,  &c.,  that  Passes  nuiy 
be  made  out,  eoulbrmablo  to  Regulations  already  established. 

"  (liven  at  ib'ad  (Quarters  in  lioston,  this  sixth  Day  of  November,  177.'). 

"W.  IIOWK. 
"  liy  His  Kxeidleney's  Cnuun.uid, 

"  KOlil'-UT   .MACKKNZli;." 


So  the  dreary  winter  passed  with  the  besieged  forces.  They  felt  in- 
creasingly all  the  humiliations  of  their  condition,  and  were  waiting  for 
the  spring,  for  reinforcements,  and  for  dccisiv('  orilers.  to  meet  the  con- 
tinui'Ucics  of  the  fnlurc.  The  result  of  the  bnld  ;  iid  I'll'cctivi'  measures 
of  the  provincial  army  in  tin' occupatidu  nf  the  heights  of  Dorchester, 
as  given  in  the  preceding  address,  may  lie  accoini)aiiied  here  by  scnue 
incidental  details. 


CIUtON'ICLE    OF    THE    SIIOGE. 


173 


TMK    rC.Nl-KACT   VOV.   THE    EVA.TATION    AM.   SAVKTV    OF    lUlSTON. 
Thr  uu.l.TMM„ain-  a„.l  i1m'  hnpH^nl  covnanl  bctwo.!!  tho  l^clli-cvnt., 
«luH.  s.v..a    Hostun   IVoM,   b.in;.'  bon.bnnl.M   or  IxMno.l,  whilr  s.rMnng 
its  ..v,KM,ation   bv  tlu.  Britisb   (brcos,  wcmv.  hI  tl,..  tbnc.  w.U  ,UHlw,ln.„l 
o„  tbis  .i,U.  oC  the  wM.T.     Tlu.  -„.as.,n.s  to  dlbct  Ibc  d.siro,!  ol.jo.l  w.re 
co,ubu-t..d  bv  the  M.b.<.t,„.n  of  the  town,  at  the  instigation  of  the  ren.nant 
„ftlu.  ,n.1ri.,tie  inhabitants  and  owners  and  gnardians  of  Hk-  fn-l-ity  •>' 
it      Their  ai.prehensions  of  eala.nity  attael,ed  eqnally  .n  tlu-  i„..bable 
oonrse  wldeb  iniglit  be  adopted  by  either  party  ;  the  patriots  , night  destroy 
„,e  ,„wn  for  the  sal<e  of  .b-iving  ont  the  enetny,  or  the  enen.y  nngbt  l,urn 
„,,  „„,,.  i„  ,,,venge   tor  being  eon.pelh.d  to  leave  it.     AVasbington  and 
the  British   eotnmander  eonld   bold  no  direet   otiieial  eorrespondenee  o,. 
the  snbjeet,   for  the   latter,  holding  t.,  his   resolve   not  to  reeognt/e  any 
title   or   rank   that    was   not  derivcl   iron,  the  ki.ig,  wonld   not  address 
Wa.hin-ton  aeeording  to  tl,e  terms  wbiel.  Congress  ha,l  enjoined  as  the 
reqnisite   eon.lilion  for   sneh   ollh'ial   .-orrespondenee.     A    vain  attempt 
,vas  afterwards  made  by  a  British  olli,-er  to  reeo.u-ile  the  Atnenean  e,.n,. 
,„,>„der  to  bein-  addressee!  -Ceorge  Washington,  ^e.,   ^e.,  ^e..'   on 
the  plea  that  those  H  a-ten,  wonhl  b.elnde  cc.rjthhm.     AVaslungton  re- 
plied tliat  thev  niiuht  also  inelnde  (tii'jthliKj. 

Captain  Irvnu.,  with  six  other  juMsons,  had  eseaped  frotn  Boston  on 
,l,e  nhdd  ol  Mareh  .Hlh,  an.l  reported  the  aetivo  work  in  progress  for 
.nd,arki.,g  the  British  IVaees.  A  Hag  ea.ne  ont  of  BoMoi,  the  same 
evenin..-.  bearinu'  the  bdlowing  paper,  withont  any  addr..s>.  tlmugh  ,n- 
l,.nd,.d  for  Washington.  an,l  signed  by  fonr  of  the  seleetn.en.  dated. 
Boston,  «  Mareh,  177.') :  — 

..As  Bis  ExeellenevCenerallb.we  i.  determined  to  l,.avo  the  town  uith 
the  troops  nmler  his  .-onunand,  a  nnmber  of  the  respeo.able  inhalntants 
l,oi,„.verv  anxious  lor  its  preservation  and  salety.  have  applied  to  Cenerd 
K„l,:;,-tson  lor  this  pnrpo.e,  wl,.,,  at  Iheir  re,,ne.t.  has  eommnnieated  the 
satne  to  His  Kxeelleney  Ceneral  llowe,  who  Ikh  a.Mne.l  hbn  that  ho  ha^  no 
intention  of  destrovit.g  the  town,  nnless  the  troops  nnder  Ins  ..onnnaud  are 
,„„l,.sted  dnring  Iheir  en.barkation,  or  at  their  departure,  by  the  armod  loree 
,vi.hon.;  whiehdoolaralion  he  gau.  .  1.  nond  l!ober.-on  leave  ,o  eonnnnn.eale 
„  „,,  i„|,abilanl.,      If  <ueh   an   opi.o-ition    shonld   take  plaee,  we   have   the 


174 


ClUtOMCr.E    OK    TIIK    SIF.f;!".. 


greatest  reason  to  oxpect  the  town  will  be  exposed  to  entire  deslrnetion. 
Onr  fears  are  cinieled  willi  rc>i;ard  to  Heiiei-al  Howie's  intentions.  Wo  bejj  we 
may  liave  sone-  assnrance  tliat  so  dreadful  a  ealamity  may  not  be  bron;;lit  on 
by  any  measures  witliout.  As  a  testimony  of  tlie  Irulb  of  the  al>ove,  we  have 
sifined  our  names  to  tins  paper,  earried  out  by  Messrs.  Thomas  ami  Jonathan 
Amory,  and  I'eter  ,)ohomiot,  wlio  liave  at  llie  earnest  entreaties  of  the  inhab- 
itants, tliroiigh  tlie  I.ieutenant-dovernor,  solieitod   a  flag  ol   triiee    for  this 

purpose. 

"  John-  Scoi.i..\Y,  TiioM.vs  -Mausii  u.i,, 

Timothy  Nf.wi-[,i.,      S.\mlel  Alstin." 

Tliis  i)apcr  was  taken  to  the  Koxlmry  lines  by  Major  Hnssett,  of  tlie 
Teiilli  IJegimenI,  and  i:iv<'ii  to  Colonel  Learned,  who  earried  it  to  liead- 
(juarters.     On  his  relnia   he  wrote  tlic  loUowing  reiily  to   the   bearers 

of  il  :  — 

"  Kdxnrnv,  H  Mareli.  1"7(). 

"(ii-.Nri.i'.Ml-.N",  —  Aijreitably  to  a  promis('  made;  to  you  at  tlie  lines  yester- 
day, I  waiti'd  upon  His  Kxeelb'iiey  (Jeneral  Washin^'ton,  and  presented  to 
him  tlie  jiajier  handed  to  me  liy  you  from  the  .Seleetmen  of  lioston.  The 
answer  1  reeeiM'il  fioin  liim  was  to  tliis  clfect;  That  as  it  was  an  unaullieiili- 
ealed  paper,  without  an  aildi'ess,  and  not  oblij^atory  upon  (ieneral  Howe,  ho 
Would  take  no  notieo  of  it.  1  am,  with  esteem  ami  rospeet,  (Ji^ntlenien, 
"  Your  most  obedient  servant, 

"EHKXKZKIl   LKAKNKl). 
"  To  Messrs.  Amohv  and  .Ioiinnot." 


The  answer  of  WashiiiLiton  was  in  eoiiformily  witli  the  advice  «{'  sueli 
oeneral  ollieers  as  he  e<inld  inimedi.ately  suinniciii.  wlio  an'reed  with  liiiii 
that,  as  the  paper  lacked  the  jiiiaianty  of  Ceiieral  Howe,  lie  eoiikl  not 
be  held  by  it  to  any  terms  of  oblioation.  None  the  less,  Imwi'ver,  was 
"Wasliinglnii  williiio  to  act  in  eoiiformily  with  the  arian,i;eiiieiit,  thoiish 
lie  watehed  the  enemy  most  rijiiilly  dnrin<5  the  embarkation,  ready  to 
avenge  any  wanton  miseliief  on  their  part.  The  last  token  of  Howe's 
preseneo  in  tlie  town  is  in  llie  following:  — 

"  Hv  His  ICxeelleiiey  William  HoWF.,  Major  Oeneral,  &e.,  &e.,  iSre. 

"As  Liniien  and  Woolen  (loods  are  .\rtieles  miieli  waliteil  by  the  Ibdiels, 
and  would  aid  and  assist  them  in  tlieir  Uebidlion,  the  t'omniander-iu-t'liiof 
expeots  that  all  j^'ood  .Subjeets  will  use  their  utmost  Kiideavors  to  have  all 


■    CllHONICMO   Ol'^   TIIK   SIKfiK.  i>-* 

such  urtid,.s  ™„v..,HfV,„n  .his  Ha...     Anv  «h„  Ik.vo  „„t  .  )ppur,uni.y  to 

convoy  thei,.  (I U  .„„],■,■  .h.i.-  ,.wn  C.n.,  ,n:,y  a.liv,.,-  .hen  ,m  1..U-,    .!>« 

I.,i„e;va,   at  Iluhbanrs  AVha.-r.   „.  Cvan   Kv,.h,   Ks,,,   n.a.-U ,    w,.h  .h, 
JCan,c.s.«howiU;:ivca(>ni.i.a..  of  .ho  IVlivory,  a,,,!  w,ll  ohl,..  h,.,,..!! 
,„  ,.,,„,„  „„.„.  to  .ho  ONV.HTs,  all  ,mavoi,laMe  Aooidcl.t.  ..x.h.,..o.1.      ^ 

..  I,;  alto,-  this  Nolioo,  any  I'orson  soorotes  <»•  koo,..  m  his  l'o>sossioa  suoh 
A.-ticl'os,  ho  will  be  ti'oato.l  as  a  Kavoiii-oi-  ..f  Kol.ols. 

"liDSTdN,  Maroli  lii.h,  1770."' 

II..,o  again   wo   havo   n.-oginzod  the  olllcial   agonoy  of  Mv.  Umsh, 
whose  eaiooi-  has  been  brielly  skelehed  above. 


TllK  l.K.\Vl>rAKlN(i  AND  KMISAKKA  TK  iN. 
The  IV.llowin^  exin.o.s  fVon,  Bn.ish  sources  give  ns  an.hon.io  in- 
n.rn>ation  conoenung  the  last  clays  ot  the  oee.,pa,u.y  of  Boston  by  to 
,„,,,  ,,.,v.  Abnon-s  "  Ke.no.nb.-aneo.-  (Vol.  HI.,  PP-  lOG,  lu,)  pnb- 
liJhea  a  lotto.-  ■•  no,n  an  ollicet  of  ais.inotion  at  Uo.ton  lo  a  person  n. 
London."  nnUer  .lates  IVom  Maroh  :ld  lo  lo.h. 

..  „„,,,  ;w._  For  these  last  six  weeks,  o.-  near  two  months,  we  I.ayo  been 
bettor  a,nnsea  than  conld  possibly  bo  expootod  in  onr  si,>,a.i..n.      No  had  a 
thoatre,  wo  had  balls,  and  there  is  aotnally  a  sabsorip.ion  sot  ,.-.  loo.  h.  .v 
.„asque,-ado.     Kngland  soe.ns  to  have  ..,g..t  us,  and  we  have  on   oavo,.    to 
,or. 't  ourselves  ;  but  we  wore  vousod  to  a  souse  of  our  p.-ose„t  s.tuafon  las^ 
„i,;,,  in  a  n,annor  .u.ploasant  .-nou,!..     The  rebels  have  boon,  lor  some  t.mo 
„.rst  orootin.^  a  bomb  ba.tory,  and  la>t  night  boga.i  to  play  upon  us.     [   ron 
l^elnnoro-s^oint.]     Two  shots  IVll  not  iar  fronnno.     .h,o  loU  ,,,.m  Odono 
Monoklou's  h,n,so,  and  broke  all  the  windows,  but  lu.-kily  d,d  not  b.n-st  td  lit 
i,,l  ,,„ssod  the  street.     Many  houses  wo>-o  daun.god,  but  no  livos  lost.     Wo 
..p...t  some  earoassos  to-night,  if  the  lear  of  destroying  .hoir  own  property 
.U,os  not  prevent  it.     What  n.akos  tins  mal.or  nroro  p.-ovok,ng  >s   that    hoa 
,.u-raoks  are  so  soa.torod,  an,l  at  suoh  a  di>.anoo,  that  we  oan  t  d.sturb  them. 
,Uhough  iron,  a  bat.o,-y  .,oar  .ho  water  side  .hoy  .-an  r,-aol.  us  easdy 

..  M„rckUk.-l(  son.othing  is  not  speedily  done  his  B>-,.ann.o  Majesty  s 
A.«enean  do...inions  will  probably  be  eo..lined  wi.hb.  a  ve,-y  narrow  eon.pass. 
tL  rebel  army  is  not  b,-ave,  1  bolievo,  b..t  it  is  ag.-eed  o,.  all  ha.,  s  ,at  .he,r 
„,illorv  ollioers  a,-e  at  lo.ust  equal  to  o..r  own.  I.,  the  ....n.bor  ot  .^hoUs  that 
U„.y  Hung  last  ..ight  ..ot  above  three  failed.  This  n.or..i.,g  we  dung  tour, 
and  three  of  the...  burst  in  the  air. 


17()  ciiKiiMcr.K  OF  True  sif.gk. 

••  Miirrh  .".//(.  — Tliis  is,  I  1 


I  believe,  liliely  tn  pnive  as  iiiipiufiint  a  cliij-  to  tlio 
lli-ilisli  eiiipli'c^  as  liny  in  our  annals 


We  nnilerwent  liist  niaht  a  very  si^vero 

cannunado,  wliieh  ilama^'pil  a  nnnilier  ef  li..M.^es,  ainl  Uilli'il  s..nie  men. 
Tliisniornin;;,  atdayljreak,  wiMliseovere.l  twci  re.loulitsiiii  the  liilU  (in  Dor- 
chester I'oirit,  and  two  smaller  works  on  their  llanks.  TliiT  were  all  raise.l 
.lurln;;  the  ni-lil,  with  an  expedition  cMpial  to  that  of  the  irenii  hehm-iiii:  to 

Aladdin's  wonderful   lamp.     1m i   these    hills   tliey  eomnianded    tlie  wiiolo 

town,  so  that  w.>  mnsi  drive  them  from  their  post,  or  desert  the  jjlaoo.  Tho 
InrmiT  is  determined  np..n,  and  live  rejfiuients  are  already  embarked.  A 
body  of  li^'lit  infantry,  under  the  eommand  of  MaJ.ir  Musgrave,  an  execdh'ut 
offlecr,  and  a  \io<ly  of  grenadiers,  are  to  eml.ark  to-night  al  seven.  1  tliink  it 
is  likely  to  be  so  far  a  general  allair,  that  we  .shall  take  our  share  in  It. 
Adieu,  balls,  ma.s<iuerades,  &e.,  for  this  may  be  looked  upon  as  tin;  opening 
of  tho  campaign. 

"  It  is  worth  while  to  remark  with  what  judgment  th(^  loaders  of  the  rebels 
take  advantage  cd'  the  jirejudiees,  and  wcn'k  upon  tho  passions  .d'  the  mob. 
This.'ithof  Mareh  is  the  aimiversary  of  what  they  rail  the  liloody  Mas.saere, 

when,  in  (I  think)  17(i'.),  the  king's  troops  lired  on  the  people  in  the  .sti ts  of 

lio.stou.  If  ever  they  dare  .stand  us,  it  will  be  t.>-day ;  but  I  hope  to-morrow 
to  be  able  to  give  yon  an  aeeonnt  id' their  dcd'eat. 

"  ^farck  (;//(.  — A  wind  more  violent  than  anything  I  ever  lieard  prevenled 
onr  la.-t  night's  purposed  expedition,  and  .so  .saved  thc^  lives  of  tliousands. 
To-day  they  have  m.-ule  themselves  too  strong  to  make  a  dislodgment  possi- 
ble. We  are  under  their  tir(^  whenever  they  ehoose  to  begin  ;  so  lliat  we  are 
now  evaiMiating  the  town  with  llie  niniost  expedition,  and  are  leaving  behind 

us  half  onr  worldly  g Is.     Adieu  I      1  hojie  t.i  .'mbark  in  a  few  hours. 

••J/a/-'Vi  ?(/(.  — When  the  tran.sporls  eame  to  be  examined  they  were  voi.l 
„f  l„,|li  pro^ish.ns  and  forage.  If  any  are  got  on  board  to-day  it  will  be  as 
mueh  as  ean  be  done.  Never  wre  trooi)S  in  so  disgraeefid  a  sitnalh.n,  and 
that  not  in  the  least  onr  own  fault,  or  owing  to  any  woit  of  skill  "r  di<erelion 
in  our  commanders,  but  entirely  owing  to  tireal  Kritain  being  fa-t  .-i^leep.  I 
pity  general  Howe  from  my  scul. 

"  .Vairh  'Mh.—  T,  a.i^imrt.  I  have  .slept  one  night  on  board ;  the-  troops  are 
endiarking  as  fast  as  possible.  I  mistook  when  I  imagined  the  works  already 
made  eouM  destroy  the  town;  but  the  rebels  po.ssess  a  hill  .so  silnaled,  that 
if  thev  pleased  to  erect  a  battery  it  would  entirely  consume  us.  They  as  yet 
have  not  procee.lc.l  to  make  a  w,.rk,  nor  do  they  attempt  to  nioh'sl  us  i>i  our 
embarkation.  It  appears  as  if  there  were  at  least  a  tacit  agrccm.Mit  b.,4ween 
Washington  and  (Jcneral  Howe 


ashington  and  dcneral  Howe. 

•',1/are/»  lo(/i.  — To-day  the  horse  transports  are  ordered  to  piUl  down 


to 


(  IIIMINK  I.K    OF     IIIK    SlKCr.. 


r 


ru.ll,.  William,  :il-..rt.l..uMh. M,il.- IVon,  tli-  tuw„  i„  ..uri -i"":  H 

K.n.l-  llw  luul...r,  :u,a  th.'  tn.u|H  „nw  h.Tr  will  .■mb.rk  tl..'  U-t.      1  h- 

,,.„v.l  IVuM,  .1,,.  .nun   i.   ...  1 v..,v,l  by  :v  largo   l.-lv  •'(  fjnn.uli.Ts  :..M 

li.rl„  i„la„lrv,  Mn.l  .!..■  .-..h  ,n..l  ll.'  I'-'h  U,..'i,n..Mt..      VU.  r..u-...v, :,  u,:m  ..1  war 
oftwcntv-isrlit-inH,  .■mers  tlu.  rKiva.  l.y  waf.r.     A  l.arlo.|  ,.  m  ^ail.      iH'ai. 
„.s„„nasll,.annvis  ..l,.ar  of  .!,.•  t,.WM;  s.,  ,,„l,al,ly  I   shall   ,„..  Inv.  U   M. 
„u-  iM.wrr  U.  inlorm  v,.„  wl,..|l„r  w.  ar.  aUaH>..l  in  '-nv  r-ln.at  or  M..1. 
'..  V„„^^^^^   /.V„/,    .l/.nv/,    17//,.-<M,r   rWn.al     «a,    u.a.l..    llns    n,..r,UM- 

,,Hw,...n  th,.  l,o„rs  of  ,w,.  an.l  -i^rlH.     Onr  ,P.,.,-  .li.l  n„>  , .iv  .1,..  M„a  lost 

,„-!,  ,1„.  r..l...ls  w.Mv  all  ..i-M  at  wrU  ..n  tlu'  nrar  lull,  ami  w« 


j.iir  twiMily-r.'in-i)..iiii(li'rs. 


ni.il.'-tatii.n,  ill. I 

ki'i.l  a  r..ii.la„l  lin^  uih.Ii  tli.-m,  rn.m  a  balt.Ty  of  f.' 

Tl.,.v.lMii...  ivliin.  a  mii.'I.-  >Ii..t.    ■'  wa-  lu-ky  f..r  .!..■  iiiliahltanfs  now  lolt  in 

]»o.ion  .lu.v  .li.l  n..t.     r..r  I  an,  iiilonn...!  ovrylliiii"-  «as  ,„v,,ar,..l  f.  s.t  tlio 

,.,wn  in  a  i.la.,.  lia.l  tli.y  lir...l  ..ii.'  .•annon.     Tli,.  ,lra-...ns  aro  nn.l.r  <'y^rr. 

,„  ,,il  „.ni,.rn,w  tor  llalilHx.  a  ,iii>,..l.  ...1.1.  wiiilrv  pla,-..  .v.M,  T..t.     N.^h- 

i„„  ,„  ,.at,  l,.s.  to  ,lrink.     Ua,l  .in...<,  my  .L-r  fi-ml-     Tlio  ,li>pl..asiin.  I   l.-l 

,,;;„  ,1„.  vorv  small  sl.aiv  1  W..r  in  ..ur  |..v<,-n.  in-i.„ili.'an..y  i.  so  ^iva.  .Hat 

I   ,lon-t   KiL.w  .1,..    ihin^   so   ,l,.s,„.ral..    l.ouM    no,    uiLWlak,.    m    ..nl.-r  to 

I'liaiigo  onr  siluali.ni.'  , 

,  '<    1 1 1       iiw       ^'   \    liaison. .'or  fr. nil    llo-stoli 

Fnnn  111.'  •■  l!i'in<.mliiaiii-i'r.      111..   Ii'«.         a  pa^^.  o.-> '  • 

jjivos  till'  fol|..uiii;j:  iiccoiinl  "  :  — 

„On    tin.    s...-.,iM    ..f    Manh    H-     P-vin-ials    l..-;:ai,    ...    l...nibai-.l    .li.> 

t„wn  from   a  ,.la. all,.!    n,ip,s'  Karm.  ami   ,.n   .1,..    .hinl    .h..y   ..,..a„..l   a 

.,,„,„„,  ,„„„,,„„  „„r,.l„....r  Ni-k.  wlii.-h  annoy,.,!  .h,- army  .n Ini^U- 

On  .11,.  ,illu.  .;..n.  How,.  ,.mharU..,l  six  ,v,im..n.s  .-,  a,.a,.k  lliis  l,a....ry ,  but  . 
stron.^  ,.as.,.rlv  wiml  an-,.v,.nnii,  .l„.  m-'U-o.^war  „-..iii  ,-..v,.ri,„  or  sup,,..r.in. 
t,„.ni.it  was\li.ni.lit  inlvisuble  to  .lesisl.  Tli.  n..s.  .la>  1.,.  iv.i-"-l  the 
a„..„,p..  but  louml  tin.  w,.rk  .o  str.mg  that  he  rCmaual  without  lIV^uik  any- 
U,i„,.  1,1  .1,,.  n„.,n  tini...  .1...  pr..vinmls  ha.l  thrown  .u-ar  a  lin,i,lr,.,.  b.imb. 
i„to"h,>  town,  ami  In.-l  with  ..onsi,le,-abl,.  ..x..i..i"n  lV..n.  .h-ir  biUfnT-  <.""• 
„„„..,  thorelbiv.  g..t  .some  ,.f  th.  ..U..,.,,,,.,,  to  ,o  out  ,o  (;.■».  \V  ash,n,.oii  to 
„,.,,,„  ,„„  „.at.  if  lirinj:  ■•.'"tinnial,  he  must  s,.t  lire  t,.  the  town  to  eove,-  his 

,.,.t,,..at.     Tw ■  .1..:  s,.lee.,m.n   ivturmMl,  an,l  having  e,.m,n,.m.,l  wuh  (.en. 

ll„we,  went  ba,'k,  ami  th,.  tiring  iii,im'.liat,'lye,.as,.,l.  ,    ,.       . 

.  (,.„,  „,„,,  „„„  ,„,..n  his  e,nharUation.      Th,.  refu.ve  mhaln.a.its  w.-n 
tU-s,,  not  bein^  siit>Vr,.,l  to  eanw  anything  bn.  maa.ssaries.     'llu-  .m.r.ars  a,,,l 

h,...vvartin,.rv,.onl.l  m.t  1 mbarke,! ;  these,  .lu.ivtor...  .h,.y  ..n,.anu-,.,lo 

,_i.,_.,,.;,i„g,h,.m.UI,   wi,hp,.w-,,,.r,a.,,l,i,angit,.t).     Uu.   thi,  .h,l 


ITS 


(;lll!(lNU'I-I"    OK   Tin:    SlKfiK. 


„„,  .,„.«,.,•  llH.ir  vvi-1,.-.     ■ri»-y  ,.tlnM,.l..l  ul...  ...  .l.'sm.y  all  th.^  Muall  arnw 

,„.,nn.nn.'   t,.  Ilu'  t..wi..     Wl.il"  On.  w.-rk  was   ^n,i„^r .....  a  cU.s...-t,..-  In,...  .1... 

,,,.,vi:..i,U  ..ai.,,.  i..n..w.l  .;.■...   H..W......  .!..•  l.-lOl-t  .;,.„.  Wasl.i,,^...,. 

was  ,,.v,.a,i..-  t...-  a  ^.■...•.■al  s....'....      fp.."  this  i....'!!!;:.'......  tl.,-  <;....-.-al  a...l 

uU   the    t.-....l.^   ...........lial.^ly   ,.ml.a.U...l,  l..a<i..K   tl..r   a.-.ill.'.T.   slovr.,    ,•!<■.. 

.Imi.a-'e.l  .-..Iv,  as  il„.  l....-.-y  ;....!  .•.,»|-um<...  "....l.l  p.^rmit. 

..  1,  „„«•  u,.,,..a.v,l,  l.v  .1..'  „...v.........ls  ..111..'  ,..-..vl..cial  an..y,  .l.a.  tl.-y  won, 

,.Ki...'  sta.i...,s  „,„,..    II..-  a...l   N...MU'-s   Islan.ls,  a.,.l   l..-..,,a,'i..^'  L.   atta.^k 
(•.,-,1^  Willia.,,.     ir  .li.'v  l.M.l  s..,T.-..l,.,l  i..  tl.is,  ll..'y  W....1.I  l.av.,.  I.a.l  ll...  com- 

„;„„,„.■  li,..,....  ha.l...,-.  :....!  .l.'M. ■..>.■.!  tl-  "'-I.     •■-'•  """■"■  ""■""'"•"•  f - 

,„,,„„,.,,  „„,  ,,,„,,  ,„,  (■,-.!.■  \Vniia...,a.,.l  .1.....  r..ll  .!..«..  wi.l,  .Iw  wl.,-1.,  i\v..t 

i,„„  V;,„task..l  .'..a-l.  wl.i..|.  is  a..  ..p.-.  a.,.l  .■xp..s...l  sta.i..,,.     Tl..'  ......spo.-.. 

,v,.,v   .....s.lv   s.„all    M.l...,...n-s.   .....!.•.•  H.-'  p.-.>f.'li....   ..I'    iL.v.'   ....-..-..l-wa.-. 

M:..vl.  is  111..  .....St   lr.„|..-l....i.s....i..ll.  ..nil.'  \.'a.-..i...n  th.!  Amc-i.'a.i  n.asl, 

*s„  ll.at   witl.....l  a  i..i.;..l.'  tl.is  wivt.-i.,.!  ll,-,.!  ....ist  1..^  ,lis,....-s,.,l  a...l  l.,st.     It 

is  iini.ussil.l.'  ll.at  i.i...-.'  fviMits  Ill  .■oi.c.ii-  I..  ron.U'.-  lli.i.'  '.li-tr.'ss  o.m- 

,,,,,,,,    ,„„i  |i,„i,  ,„i.,  alm..>t  i...'^  ilal.).'.     Tl..'  l.'.->..s  "f  af.M-..,.n„.|.t  iM'tw,-,...  tl..^ 

tw..(;.M.r.-,-.lsW.Mv  MV.V.;  I....  it   i-i.l.p..s.M  tl.at  ..otl.in- was  t..  l.avc  1 n 

.1,.sI.'..v.m1,  a.i.l  tl.Ml    (l,i,l.iv:.H.  ..lit  .l.'l.>.-...i.i.Ml  (la'   l..-..viii.'ials  I.,  cil.r  ll.u 
li.w.i  siKi.iiM-  thai,  was  iiitci..!.'.!." 

••  Ciwhri.l,!.;  M„,r/,  J7.  -  A1.....1-  ...Ih'.-  ,-nin,.i...liti.'S  l.,-l....j:ii..-  L'  H..'  lato 
,.M.iis..n  al  U..>l.....  w.'  I,a^.•  --t  i1..m.'  ...•.l.'.-l.v-l.....k,  l.y  whirl,  it  api-'ai's  tl.at 
(";,....  How  ha.l  r,.-.7.-.  olVe.Mivo  ....'...  .■N.-lusiv,.  ..I'  th,'  staiV.  so  tl.at  with 
Ihu  i..a.-i...-s  a.i.l  sailois  ho  mi-;hl  l.o  ......si.lr.T.l  as  p........  sli-,...-." 

I'inii,  ai.  ..Ili.'.M'  ..!■  a  ship.or-«a.'.  !'...slnii  hail..).\  Ma.rh  ■.':■.:  — 

.•Tl,.'   hav -warms  with   A......ir;ui  piivalr.M-,  hat  w,'  hop,.  I.,  pi-..tc,t  lla. 

„.;,„>po,is,  whi,-h  a.v  .lailN  .•S|,.-t-.l  iVon,  Ih.    W,-.  la.li.'s.  a.,.l  t.-  >.....l  t!...., 

smI.'  to  llalilax." 

.•KM,-;,,.!   „r    a    l.'tln'   1V,,.„    l!.,sl.....      His  Mai,.s.y's    ship    Chatham, 
Ma.cl.  21.  17711. "      (Ahi......  111.-  1"7)  ■  — 

...,.|„,  ,,.,,.„.  of  lh,.tn.ops  IV,....  Il>i--a.ns..n  .-a......!   fail  to  !„■  .lillV.vally 

,.,.p.vs...,l,.,l  i.,  K..-la„.l.  lmwhhl.,v.s„..   1   l,av,.  foua.l  ti.,.,.,  IV..„.  ......  pvat 

,,.,,rv.  t.,  .iv..  V..1.  so.,.,.  ar,.,.,..it  ol'  il.     1..  th.  li.-t  plan.,  Ih,.  (;....,..'al  ...'t 

m.,.ivi.,-   a„v  h.|t,..-s  ,..■  ,l,.spaf,l.,.s  IVoi.i     -ov,..-.....,.|.t   siar,.  tl...    .....I'lh'    ot 

(),.t„l,..,  ,„..l,l  ..,.1  fail  ■  f  ...akii.'jr  .•v,nho,lN  srvs  ...aa-y.  I(  h.ok,..l  as  ,1  wo 
WO.-0  loa  .i.-.i...l.M..  P"  ..,.:..fal,a.lM.,ap..,.swo  lik...l  i.,.>t.  On.-p.-,.- 
vi«io„s   h.lli,.g   sh,„-t,  a.hlo.l    I.,   ,....■   .li>.....t...,ls      Tl„.    n....|    alh...h..l    ..s    ..- 


~   V 


(  iii;()M(  i.i;  or  Till',  sir.ci!' 


IT'.t 


■ii-'ii 


, .1.,,  ,|„.,„  u.  ,li....i.li...l  as  .,Mr,,.lv.-.    TlH.  prHvinri.l.  wIm.  kn.w  .  vutlv 

„„.  ,,., ■  MM,-  jiaiTi-n,  huras-,.l  n.  Cnm,  .l„.iv  Imtfri,..,  witl,  an  i„„..., • 

„.aUn.  „,.,■  , ,>1.  M.n.  ,li-:.i-ll.-M   in  1,„, f  .l--'n..n.     Hn.l.n, -o 

,„.nl,al,ili.vnfM„„,l.v,an,l,h lin,  .1, - Un.l.T  , Ma,     .  "a 

II,,,,,.],,   ,nM,.n.  loMin.U,  lW~lM,.smnltu  .,.,.« I,.,t« uM.     On,  no,, 

,.,,;  |„„,h.n..,l  wi,l,  innuM.,,,.  ,H-,.ni...,l  n.  U.  sav.  .„,„..  >l,„-..,  a„,l  a,nn,n- 

nuiun,  ,h,.  .i,i,..  lu^M-Pi -  -"  -'•"  -'""^^  ^  ;';;' "''"'  r^'T!-.^ 

cuTi:,....     Tin.  ,v<t,la,n-nn-yto   .,y,w,.   w..„.  ol,l,„.,l,..   1,. .>■! 1- 

S,„.|,  „r,l„'  •/„„>  a,  hv  ,li.n,an.lin;r  w. nl.i  th.-ovv  int..  ll,.'  -:,.  »:-  'I"""  -  . 

Lesw,;,,. ■ .- -,.,. a...  a., ■'■;;';  ":'^;"r; 

,ln,U...an,ir.„na„ „s  ,„  ..,.U.l..v „„.„,.,■.. .n.in.  L.  .!,.•  fanM-..-^ 

,.,,.in..   „„.i,- K    .,v.  hi,  hn...ansM.vwal   or, hnvess..^   «•..,■., 

,,ln,..: p-iv pn.p..nyin. ••"•""■^"--;7-„„^^;;r 

u oi;..,., i,.,.n,,.),.,n.Mi,.|,n..M„.. ^' '';-''■''-''-"'  ^^^       ;\ 

s.n..s   «.■,-.■    l.O    in   llH'    h-l'ital.     ■n,..   n.nrnMon,    nnavonla  ,!,■   on    .„.  1,   a 

X  :.,■,•.  wiii„,al..^..n.... i... ■n,„d.m„>ti„.On..„twl,..,-,.,.vo,-ynau 

;I;,;..      ,,^a„    ,.on,.i.,-n.     Tl„.   ...„■>•   -a,-,,   an..    .n-l,v-~   of    .1,,.    w.,m.n. 

H.n,,;v„.siH<a,,a  .,,,,,., .,..l.,v,,.i,-.M,-v,.,-va..M:n,,.,., hat   ..a,,.^^ 

Uwa.no.liU..h,v:,Uin,n,,a..an„.,uh,.,.,.,.,.,-yn,anK, -"-'"> 

UK.,h,,a,-,in.v.,n, ,n„„-.  ui,h   y.n,- wi...  v.an- -.na,,,.  yon,-    , h.,h 

'  ,  •  iViiM','-    will,  let    111.'  .I,<?,'a.-.'<'t 

f,„-nh„,'.,.,a,„lally..n,-„,.n„.hn>n..-.      Ih..,    ,»n  ^ 

,„.,„,h,.v.,.,.-han,i,...o,.  .„........•,.,.„ .„., a...  .h,.nvan.a.... ..!,.• 

1.;,.  ,i,..i.s  a,,,,  w..,-,.  ...pt  .V..,n  Plnn.h.,- a,n.  ...■i,,U  .i,h  ,.,.U,a  -y        :,  ha,. 

;:;,e.u;Uon,  a,v  no.  v.-y  .an.nin-.     ■.•.„■  n.......  show.,  ns  Wa.  ,.an   on 

„s   a..      ..,e   so...i,.rs   ,.,!„..    thon.s,..v,.s    h.t.aye,.;     ..„•   o.h-,.   al      hla 

1.    V,,,i,.,l,v,   a,.,,   s..,,,-  .,-,,..... .as--   is,, ,,i^.-l.y. --a,..,.;    ., 

„,,,,  „„„.,,  a,,,.  .K.U.  or  the  ,,oo,.l-  a,  h,nn-.     1.  we  la,-,  as  ,1.  al  I  .i.,.ax 
,v..  have  ..one  U.r.  .ato.y.  I  IVav  w.-  sha..  .,av..  gn-a  a.sertion,  as  (..o  op,,,,- 
tunity  wi.l  l)e  i„.',-f  c.nveniont." 


180 


CIIIIONICLE    OF   THE    SIEGE. 


r.oSTDN  lI.MIllHli  IJKdl'KNi:!). 
Tlu.  H.n.,nn.  niau-of-w.,-.  w.s  stati..,,.,!  nl  X:.nl„>Ket  to  -nurd  tl,e 
harluH-  MM.l  to  "am  mV  lian^l-orls.  aiul  was  a  -ivat  annoya,,...  i.i  piv- 
v,.,>li„..  «„o,l  an.l  'annlKT  coast.Ts  and  ullicr  vosscl.  IVon.  snirl.vi"g 
li„su,n  Mill,  n..,v>sari.s.  It  was  .tsoIvo.!  that  tins  tmiihU.^.m.o  objoct 
shoMia  l).-nt  rid  ,.r.  O.i  tl,..  tunnuu-  nl-  .Im,.  i:!lh  .Ifafts  IVmu  th. 
„,,n,,s  in  and  near  tlu.  town,  a  drtadnnrnl  from  Col.  Crafts'  tra.n  of 
.HtiU.TV.  Willi  ..mu.  militia  fron  tlK-  n.adiborhood.  nmonntin-  in  all  to 
,1,„„,  'six  lumdtv,!.  ,n,d,r  .•otnmand  -f  (..n.  I.inrMn,  ^vcM,t  to  I'oh.t 
Aldrrton.    I'.Mticks.    and   ..tl.cr  nndilM.vin-    islan.  'nicy  vigorously 

l.nmbanlcd  and   cannona.lrd   lli<'   <a,cmy,  on.'   of  th,      i.nl   iiirrcin-  the 

Conuno,l..rc.'s  ship.     Tlw  atlarl<  was  s„  snddi' id   nnh.nUr.l  for  that  it 

cans.-d  the  lairmy  i:.va'  rn,il\,Mon.      Withnni  niakin-  any  resislamM.  tlio 
K..110WU  slipped  or  c-nl  her  cables,  ami  pnt   to  sea  after  sending  men  in 
b„;,ts   to  .lesln.v   the   li-ht-honse.      She  was   followed   by   twelve   sail   of 
other  lllilish   ships,  ei-ht    of  uhieh  were   ivpoiled  to   be   transports  with 
Ilinhlaml  reeruits.     The  I'ort  of  I'ostoii  was  tints  opened  just  two  years 
;ilter   it    was   elos..!    by   parliamentary   e.liet.     As   soon    as    this  .'Veiit 
oe.airre.l  the  first  frnils  of  the  prowess  of  the   provincials  were   realized. 
A  continental  sclmnuer  ehas,Ml   into   the  harbor  two  transports,   which, 
with   the  help   of   forts  on    the  'slands.  were  captnred   and  brond.t  to 
lioston.      The  transports  c.ntained   two   hundred   and   twenty  Highland- 
ers, with  their  Colonel.  Archibald  Campbell,  and   Major  Mcnzies.     The 
M„jor  was  UiUed   in    the   action,   and  was   buried  willi   tnililary  honors 
from  Trinity  Church.     Tlie  Colonel,  who  attended  as  chief  monrner,  was 
sent  as  a  iirisoiier  to  reside  al  Kcadin-  .and  Concord. 


liKflltr    nl-    Tin:     KV.SCIA'flON-     IN     ICMiLAM". 

The     announeem.'Ml    in    Kiiiiland   of   the    evacnalion   of   lioston   was 

....ceiNcd    with    aniazenienl    and    consternation,  and    with    the    shaipest 

,.,,„~nrcs  on   the   mana-einenl  of  the  war,  min-led  will,  launls  and   sar- 

,,:,.,„s.      lioslon    had   (  nca;.:.  d    the  hopes   and  fears  of  the  minislry.  and 

tin;   pcopl''  "I'    l'->i-l.ii"l-      "     ''^"'   '"■''"   'l-'^'-''''''''''   •'"    ""■    """"1"''''"   "'■ 
America,   and    the    liead-.iuarlcis   of   rebellion.      As    sneh    it    had    been 


CimOXlCI.K    OF   THE    SIKCiK 


181 


chosfM  ;.s  tho  c-Mtro  f<'r  tlir  operation  of  all  purliniiKMiti.ry  ."lifts,  and 
of  all  niililaiv  n.o,-emouts.  More  tha,,  a  milli.M,  sto.lin-  Lad  lu'c-n 
sp..nt  10  secm-o  its  hostil.  ocn.pancy.  Groat  iJritai,.  had  been  .Irain.d 
of  men  and  food  to  hold  it,  and  On,0(lO  tons  of  transports  had  lie.n 
froi^dMod  t,.  k.M.p  it.  Now  th,.  "  L<,nd..M  '•.u...tte."  of  May  :!,  n>akos 
tho  following  iilaeid  anuouncoiiifnt  :  — 

"  General  Howe  havin-  taken  a  resolution  on  the  7th  of  March  to  remove 
from  Itoston  to  Halifax,  with  the  troops  under  his  command,  and  such  of  the 
inhabitants,  with  their  effects,  as  were  de.iro.is  to  continne  under  the  pro- 
tection of  his  Majesty's  forcen,  the  embarkation  was  etVceled  on  the  17th  of 
that  month,  witli  the  greatest  order  and  regularity,  and  without  the  least 
interruption  from  tho  rebels,"  ite. 

Of  onu-se  the  ..tlu  r  side  of  the  story  did  n..1  fail  of  heini:  tol.l  with 
some  eniludli-hments.  (I  was  said  that  Con.  Howe  wont  t.,  tho  select- 
men anil  infoi-niocl  thorn.  — 

..  TlMt  ho  .av,"  .Mr.  Waslun-ton  was  determined  to  have  the  town,  that  the 
toN.n  was  of  no  ounscpienoe  to  the  king's  service,  and  that  he  would  abandon 
it  if  Mr.  Washington  would  not  disturl)  his  embarkation.  Ho  tliought  it  a 
pity  so  line  a  tow.i  should  be  l,urnt.  and  added  the  distress  such  desperation 
niJst  occasion  to  the  inhabitants;  he  showed  them  the  combust iblos  he  had 
laid,  for  setting  it  on  fire  in  an  instant,  in  every  part,  &c." 

In  eonsoqnenco,  it  was  added,  the  sidectmon  brought  about  tho  trueo, 
though  it  was  not  undersiood  whether  any  arrangeniont  was  made  about 

the  king's  stores,  etc. 

Parliament  being  in  session  .In-  Duke  of  Manchester,  in  the  House 
.,f  Lords.  ,m  Mav  KMh,  called  for  the  .lospateiios  from  America,  which 
tho  ministrv  doolinod  to  produce  on  the  plea  that  they  eoneorMod  future 
„,.. rations.'  The  duke  indi-nantly  presente,!  the  disgrace  visited  upon 
the  lirili-h  :.nav  and  Heel,  and  tho  anem,d  to  oa^t  the  veil  of  mIouoo 
ov,  r  the  buu.iliatinn  result.  He  added  that  private  inleUigonee  brought 
Uie  irustuorthy  infornmtion  llnu,  -(lenoral  Howe  uuittod  not  lioston  of 
his  own  I'roo  will;  but  Ihal  a  su|K.rior  enemy,  by  ropcated  .'llorts,  l,y 
cNlraordiuary  works,  by  .ho  lire  ,.f  ihoir  baltorios.  rendered  tho  place 
milenable." 


182 


CimOXKI.K    OF    THE    SIKOE. 


Till'  Karl  nl' SiitlnlU.  hi  delViicc  of  the  mini-try.  iTplii'd  : — 

••  ■riic  iiotili'  Itulic  siiysthori-  must  Ikivc  1)cm_'1i  a  convention  between  fleneral 
Ildwe  un.l  the  nibel  cumniander,  wliieli  I  do  a.-sufe  His  (Iniee  was  by  n<.  means 
the  ease;  no  convention,  stipuUition,  ,-oiiees.-ion,  <.r  enmimmuse  wliatever, 
having  been  made.  Tlie  Cenend  thought  iiroper  to  sluft  Ids  ix.sition  (! !  )  in 
order,  in  tlie  first  jdaee  to  im.tcet  Halifax,  and  alter  that  olijeet  was  seeurcd, 
to  pcnctnite,  by  that  way.  (I !  )  into  the  interior  eonnlry,  ^-e." 

Tlie  Maninis  of  IJoekiligliani  told  what  lie  had  lieaid  froiii  •■  a  privalo 
clianuel."  uhieli  was  in  exaet  eonfiMinity  with  tlie  liaitli  :  — 

"  No  formal  eonvcntion,  ore  ipitidation,  was  .signed,  wliieh  I  understood  wa.s 
avoided  by  the  (jenerals  on  lioth  sides  for  ])ailieular  reasons;  but  there  wa.s 
every  substantial  rei]iiisite,  of  a  treaty  or  eompi-omise." 

Lord  Slelburiie  and  utliers,  in  oppo-itiuii,  eonfinned  this  statement, 
but  the  miiii>ter  persi-ted  that  he  had  ni)  kiiuule.lge  or  lielief  of  siicli  a 
matler. 


iiiAiiiKs  AND  i.i:tti:i;s  in  isostun  miJiNt;  Tiit;  su:(ii'.. 

The  following  inteioting  tletails  are  from  the  pen  of  Dr.  .lames 
Thaeher.  in  his  '-Military  dournal  of  the  War,"  ihrougli  wliieli  lie  was  a 
Surgeon  in  llie  Amerieaii  Army.  He  was  at  tlie  time  jiist  eome  of  age, 
iuur  ni.poiuted  Si.ige,n-s  mate  nnder  Dr.  Davi<l  Towiiseiid,  in  Col. 
AVhitConib-s  liegiiiienl  on  I'rospeet  Hill.  He  lived  to  be  ninety  years 
old  :  -- 

••  Imm.'diately  aller  the  enemy  sailed  from  lioston  harbor,  (ien.  Washing- 
ton .M'dered  tlie  major  pari  of  his  army  to  mareh  to  New  York,  to  secure  the 
city  acainst  the  aiipndiende.l  invasion  of  (icn.  Howe.    It  was  not  till  Wednes- 


milted  to  ente  ■  Ihi!  town,  whi'ii  our 


dy 

day,  the  'Jutli,  tliat  our  troops -were  jier: 
regiment,  with  two  or  three  others,  were  oniered  to  mareh  in  and  take  up  our 
quarters,  which  were  pr,.vided  lor  us  in  eoniforlable  houses.  Whilc^  marching 
through  the  streets,  i  inhaliitanls  apjieaivd  at  tlicir  doors  and  wimhiwsj 
thou.di  they  manifested  a  liv.dyjoy  on  being  lilieraliMl  from  a  long  imprison- 
ment, they  were  not  altogetlier  free  from  ii  melaiiclioly  gloom  which  ten 
ti'dioiis  niontlis' seige  has  spread  over  tlieir  countenances.  'I'Ik^  streets  and 
buildings  present  ii  scene  which  retleets  disgrace  on  their  late  occupants, 
exhibiting  a  ileplorablu  desolation  ami  wfctcheducss. 


CIIIIONICLE   OF    TIIR    -^IKnF.. 


183 


.'  l>r,.l..„    M<„-rh  '>■'-'  -  *  vonroms,:  d'  p.'..,,!,.  Irnm  lli.-  country  an,  .■r.nvcl- 
i,.,.  mto  tUo  town,  mil  of  IVi-n.lly  s„lirit,.,l. ;  un,l  it  is  truly  intwo-ting  to 

wUu.ss  th..  t.u,l,M-  iut,H-view.  nu,l  {,m.\  ,.u>bnu.,.s  oCthos.  wh .v.  b.-u    .mg 

..P„r.t,.,l  un.l.r  cin.uuHtun.-s  so  i,,.,.uli.rly  .listrossing.    Hut  it  is  ,mrtu-ubu-ly 
unrortuuiit.  M.  tl.is  o,vasio„.  tliat  ll„.  su^all-pox  is  lurki..-  in  various  parts  of 
the  town,  xvl,i,h  .Vt.M-s  „,:u,y  Irou,  .njouu-  an  iut.M-vi.w  with  th.-.r  Irx'n.ls. 
Tho  par..ntsau,l  si,-Un- of  n>y  IVicnU.  Dr.  Towns,.,,.!,  have  continu,.!  .u  fwn 
aurin.^  tlic  si.-o.     li.ing  intrn,l..ce,l  to  tin.  fauuly  by  the  I)...tor,  I  ro  •cnvo,!  a 
Uiu.l  L.\  polil,.  invilatiou  to  tako  up  n,y  abo,!.  with  l!..u,  wIumv  1  am  ,.n.|"yM.S 
th,.  kin.h.st  att,.utions  au,l  dvililh-s.     I   a.r,.u,,.a,>i.a  s.v,.ral   geutl,.nn.n  to 
vi,.w  th,.  liritish  tbrlili..ations  on  lioxbury  X>  ,U,  wlicr,.^  I  obs.M'v,.,!  a  pro,U- 
,.i„us  nuu,b,.r  of  liuh'  u.ilitary  on;rinos  ralbMl  caltrops  ,u-  .'row  loot,  s,.att,M-oa 
ovor  th.   .n-oun,l  in  th,^  vioiuity  of  Ih.  works,  to  iuipclo  tho  march  of  our 
troops  in  oas,.  ,.f  an  atla.-k.     Th..  iu,pl,.n,cut  ,.ons;sts  of  an  iron  ball   aruu..l 
.vi(h  Ibur  sharp   points,  about  ouo  inch  in  b.ng.h,  so  lV,rmc,l  that  which  way 
.o,.v,.r  it  u,av  fall,  one  point  lies  npwar,!  t,.  pi.'rco  th,.  C'ct  of  h,.rsc.  ,>r  m,'... 
.,,,,1  ar..  a.hnirablv  w,'!!  .•alculal,'.!  lo  obstruct  ll.c  march  of  an  onomy, 

.-  o;W.  -  I  went  to  vi,.w  th<.  Ohl  South  Church,  a  spacious  bri.'k  buihhng  near 
th..  c,.ntro  of  the  town.  U  has  be.'U  for  more  tluu,  a  ..entury  [inclu-Uu-  tho 
,„.,.,v,rno'  s„.u,  l.uv  ..n  th.'  sau.e  ^it,']  c,.ns,.erat...l  lo  the  servi,-e  of  reb,u:.ou, 
.„„,  „„„,  „,„i,„.,„  .livine.  hav,.,  in  its  pulpit,  lab.nv,!  in  t,.a.-hiug  (he  ways  of 
,.i.vht..ou'-n,.ss  an.l  truth,  liut  .lurin^r  ,1,,.  late  si,.-e  th..  iusi,!,.  .,f  it  was  e,.- 
thvh  ,I..Mr,.v,.,l  bv  th..  l!riti.-h,  an.l  the  sa..re,l  buihling  ..cupi.'.!  as  a  ri.hn- 

.,,„:„,  iW  liut ;n..-s  regiment  .,f   .•.■ag.,.„.s.     The  pt.lpit  atul  p.'WS   were 

,,.„,„v,.,l,  th,.  ll.M.r  .•..v..r...l  with  ..arlh,  an.l  us..,t  for  th..  pnrp.-e  .,1  trauung 
,n.l  ex,.reising  their  h-u'ses.  A  b,.autiful  p.'W,  ..rna,u..ut...l  with  ,.arve,l  w,u-k 
a,ul  silk  furniture,  was  ,U,m.,r.she.l ;  an.l  by  ..nler  of  an  olUcr,  th..  carv...l 
„.„rk,  it  is  sai.l.  was  ns..,l  as  a  iVu....  li.r  a  ho^s,,.  The  N..r.h  Church,  a  very 
valuabl,.  buil.lit.g,  was  otin.ly  .lc,u..li.she.l  an.l  ....nsun...,l  for  luel.  Thus  aro 
.,„,  hous,.s,  .levote.l  to  religh.us  w.n>hip,  p.-fan-.l  an.l  .l..str.ne.l  by  the  sub- 

j,.els  ..f  His  K.ival  Majesty. 

..  Mis  Kxeelleu..v,  th..  ,...uuunn.l..r  iu-..hi..l^  has  h...  n  re,.,.iv.-.l  by  tl...  u.habt- 
,.„„s  „ith  ,.v..rv  u,a,k  ..f  re-p...t  an.l  gratilu.l...  an.l  a  pnl.li..  .Ibu.er  has  b,.,.. 

provi,le.l  Ibr  hi,..     Me  r...,u..st,..l  the  Kev,  l.r.  Kli-.t,  a.   t vu..wal  ...  hts 

eust,m.arvTluu-s.lav  I...ct.,re.  to  pr..a.h  a  thanksgiving  s,.r,n..u,  a,lapt..,l  t..  the 
j„vf„l  ,H.,.asion.  .\,.....r.li,.-!y,  ..n  the  :IMh,  this  pi„u.  -lis  in,.  p.-,'a.h,..l  an  ap- 
p;opriate,lis,..,u,.s..lV..m  Isaiah  xxxiii.  -:  •  l..„.k  up..u  Zi,....  th.  .it,  .•!  .mr 
Sol,.n,ni.i,.s,    ,..c..-.   in     pr..,.n..,.    ..f     lli<    i:xc..ll..t.,y    an.l    a    n.sp.....ablo 

''"'.'i;i//i.--()u.:  of, an-  >ol,lier.  I.au„l   a  h,uuan  -k.l..„n  in  .■ou.pl.l.'   pr.'P- 


184 


CllKON'K'I.K    OF    'lllK    SIK(iE. 


aniiion,  left  by  a  liritUli  siirgoc.n,  wiiidi  1  liave  rceoivod  ns  an  acfoplabl.! 
present." 

'I'he  yuiinu'  siirt;c<iii  ree.McU  his  alleiulaiiee  on  Ainil  •'^tli,  in  !!).■  Kin.^'s 
t'liaiii'l.  on  •'  the  fnni'inl  soh'ninities  over  the  leniaiM^  ol'lliat  jiatiiot  and 
hero,  Major  (len.  .Joseph  Warren." 

Though  it  «as  contrary  1o  general  orders,  as  he  was  siirrounch-d  liy 
disea.se,  he  liad  recourse  liy  adviee  of  his  friends  to  inoeidation.  by  Dr. 
John  Thomas,  ami  iias>ed  through  the  process  withont  snlfering  a  day's 
ooiilinemenl. 

"  J  nil)  ;W.  — Orders  are  given  to  inocnlato  for  (lie  small-iinx,  all  the  suUliers 
and  inhabitants  in  town,  as  a  general  infection  of  tliis  terrible  disease  is 
apprehended.  Dr.  Townsend  and  myself  are  n..\v  constantly  (engaged  in  this 
business." 

DIAKV    0\'   EZiaUKL   I'UICI',. 
A  verv  interesting  diary  covering  the  period  and  eveids  of  the  Siege 
of  Boston,  printed  at  length  in  Troceedings  of  .Mass.  Historical  Society 
Xov.,  18(;:;,  is  that  of  Kzekiel  I'riee,  Ksq.     He  was  Clerk  of  the  fonrts 
of    Connnon    I'leas    and     Sessions     f(n'    Snilolk.   and    for    ni.-niy    years 
Chairman  of  llie    Selectmen   of  lioston.     He    left    the    town    willi   his 
family  before   lh<'   last  of  May,    ITT.'i,   and   went   to  reside   dnring   the 
troubles  with  Colonel  Doty  at   Slougiilon.     He  was  intent  to  hear,  and 
he  made  a  daily  record  of  the-  news  .and  rumors  of  each  day,  stopping 
travellers  as  they   passed  his  isolated  abode,  and  con.stantly  riding  to 
the  outskirts  of  J'.oston  to  inform  himself  of  all  ihal  transpired.     So  he 
repro.hn.es  for  the  reader  all  the  cxcilemeids  and  alarms  of  the  time, 
tells  us  of  those  who,  one   by  om',  got   out   of  llie   town,  and  of  their 
reports  of  the  state  of  things,  and  spends  long  evenings  in  discussing 
alfairs  with  wayfarius  and  transient  guests  lodged  under  the  same  roof 
with  him.  as,  for  instance:  — 

"Julij  I'J,  177."i.  — One  Carpenlia-,  wh"  lasKivi'ning  swam  from  Hoston  to 
Dorchester,  .says  that  it  was  very  sickly  in  lioston,  and  that  i)rovisions  were 
very  scarce  and  the  people  in  great  distress."  lie  heard,  on  .Fnly  L'S,  that 
Carpenter,  who  was  a  barber,  swam  back  to  lioslon  again,  and  was  eaught 
and  hanged  on  Cojip's  Hill.  [He  was  sentenced,  but  respited,  and  alterwards 
pardoned.] 


CHKOXTCLK   OF   TIIK   SIKfiK. 


185 


"  Sunday,  Manl,  17.  — At  lumn,  Mr.  Kdmiin.l  (Jiihicy  l.n.iin;!,!  ii^i  tlie  mn'^t 
intoi-psting,  most  iini)ortiinl,  an.l  iiui-t  .■..miortiiis  lu'ws  wi!  Ikiv  IhmpI  miu'c 
I  left  Host.jii,  wliich  w;is  no  less  Uum  tliiit  tlie  Itegulai-s  an.I  tlio  mereeiKiry 
ti-oops,  cmploy.Hl  by  the  wioko.l,  .lialx.li.Ml  British  niinisti-y,  h.ul  l.-eii 
uWigedt,.  Ily  out  of  Boston  ll.is  .lay,  l.nl  .lot  l.rfon,  tl.ey  IkuI  pUimloiMMl  tlio 
town,  an.lcmnmitle.l  lii.'fts  an.I  .l..i.iv.|ati..ns  in  ..very  part  ..fit,  an.I  <•.,»- 
vt-yed  thdi- stol.Mi  goo.ls  on  l.oanl  th.^  ships,  an.I  th.ni  .l.'part.^.l  ont  ..f  tlif 
liarh..r.     Tims  the  It.iyal  l!i-ilisli  Army  is  now  b.'coni.'  ll.)yal  'I'liieves. 

"Mond,i>/,M<u;:k  l.s.  -  Aft.T  ..htainin-  a  pass  fr.im  (leneral  Wanl,  w.nt 
thn.ngh  l{..xbnry,  ov,.,-  l!..ston  X.a'U  ;  pass.-.l  th..  ..nen.y'.s  lin.- Hut..  an.I  at 
]!ost..n  l'ortirk-ati..n,  an.I  ro.le  throngli  tli.^  main  sliv.K  ..f  my  .l.^ar  native  town. 
There  visite.l  my  .sisKn-,  wli.i  lia.l  been  Ibnaxl  fr..m  my  h..nse  ;  saw  a  nnmi.er 
of  my  K..st.,n  fr'i.Mi.ls,  an.I  the  IVi.Mnls  of  oni-  e.mnti-y,  wh..  Iia.l  b.-en  simt  np 
neai- eleven  montlis  pa-^t  in  that  t..wn  by  tlie   ern..l   han.l   ..f  arbitrary  power, 
and  who,  by  means  ..f  tl...  har.l  an.I  sava-,'  tr.Mtm.aU  ..f  th.'  lirili-h  sol.li.a-y, 
and  the  want,  not  ..nly  ..f  the  e.nnf.-rts,  Ijn.  many  ..f  tlie  n.ieessari.'S  of  lilV,were 
become  thin,  an.I  th.dr  ll.'sh  waste.l,  but  y.'t  in  g.v.d  spirits,  an.I  r.>j..i.-ing  at 
meeting  th.ar  f,.ll..w-t.>wnsni.a]  ;  whil.'  the  tories  ab..nt  th.^  town  L.  th.Mr  thin 
vi.sage.s"  ad.led  I.m.Us  of  guilt,  ami  a  .•.,nvi.-ti..n   of  lli.'ir  bas..  ingralilu.le  I.. 
thei^  eounlrv  an.I   iVll.nv-lownsmen.      As    I     pas-e.l    thronyh   ih.-    town    it 
gave  m...  mu.-h  pain   ..f  min.l   t..  s..e  tlu' hav..,.,  waste  and  .h.stm,-ti..n  of  the 
houses,  fenees  an.ltre..,  in  th,-  l-wn,  o.vasi..n,..l  by  th..se  sons  ..f  IVlial.  who 
have  near  a  year  past  ha.l   th.^   p..ssession  .,f  it.     lint,  sav..  a  IVw  wr.^l.-h.- 
wh..  tarri.Ml  hehin.l  to   lak..  the  punishment  .In.!  b.   tludr  wi.'ke.l   d.'e.ls,  the 
inhabitants  who  ar..  n..w  taking  th.-ir  residenee  in  the  t.,wn,  se..me,l  all  of 
„ne  h...art  and  ..ne  nnn.l, /..■ah.ns   in  tlw   sapp..rt  of  our  rights  an.I  lib.Tl.es,^ 
and,  if  p..ssihle,  uwre  .l.'termimMl  than  ev.n-  I-.)  resist  th.'  f.ire.'  an.l  p.uvr  ..f 
all  th..se  wh..  dare   attempt  t.i  inva.le  them.     Ae..u..lin,uly  every  nu'tlm.l  is 
taking  in  th..  t..wn  t..  fortify  an.I  str.Migth.a,  it  against  our  enemies,  and  pre- 
vent tli.dr  ever  being  able  to   lan.l  again   in  that  t..wn.     The  th.^fls  an.I  rob- 
beries of  the  royal  thieves  are  very  gr.Mt,  ami  many  w.,rtliy  inhabita.its  will 
be  ruined  by  it.     I  returne.l  Imnn-  [to  ,St..nght..n]  in  the  evening. 

••MnirM  -Jl.— La.st  evening  the  enemy  burnt  all  the,  bnihiings  ini  Castle 
Islan.l.     .Snow-sl.irni  hist,  night. 

".1/,(;-./(  ■JL'.-Went  t..   li..st..n.     Visited   my  si.ster.     Fonn.l   that   a   .m.u- 
sid.^rable  part  of  my  furniture  was  broke,  an.I  s.,m.!  .)f  it  lost;   h.iw.'ver  am 

thankful  s.,  nmeh  of  it  still lains.     The  ll.^.^l  e.M.linu.^s  in  Nanla-k.'t  K.m.l. 

The  town  appears  in   many  pla.a^s  hut  littl.i   b.'tter   than   a  lu'ap  ..f  rmns. 
Great  mimbers  ..f  th.-  I...us,.s  aiv  wholly  .l..wn  ;  a  great  nnmb.u-  o[  ..th.us  are 
alm..st  .le.strox.'.l.  the  insi.h'S  .,f  them  being  .'nt  an.I  broke  in  pi.-ees.  an.I  ot 
Iti* 


18() 


CTIEOXICLE   OF   THE    SIEGE. 


mmn-  of  Ukmu  notlunjj  in..iv  Irft  than  tl.-  m>t,i.le  ..liMl.     l!,.|nn,..,l  liono  in 
tilt'  uveuinj;  [to  Stdiiglitun]. 

"  ;•>/(/./'/,  .l/««'/i  :.",l.  — Sot  out  (■arly  in  tin:  inorninj:  an.l  went  to  liostoii, 
wl.cR'  a  trnvn-meutiiig  was  held  Ibi-  the  choirc  of  town  (.IVucrs.  Thc^  .s<-atfre.l 
inln.l,ilant,s  .■oll.'ct.Ml   to-cthw,  met  at  tlie  Ohl  ISrirk  Mc..tin-h.ms,,   [First 

Chiu-ch,  on  the:  sit,.  otMoy-s  ISniiainfrs],  and  l,n«- M  in  Hi'-'  cO.oir.' of  tin. 

omoei-.s  of  the  town,  nstially  chosen  at  tln^ir  annual  Mareli  m.^elin-.  An.l  it 
was  really  a  very  pleasant  si-l,l.  after  near  eleven  months"  absenee,  to  see  so 
manv  of'mv  worthy  l\-llow-eiti/,ens  nn^et  to-elher  in  that  now  ravage.!, 
phnulere.l  town  ;  In.t  tin'  sj.ot  even  y.'t  agreeable.  Sonn^  person  Inul  broke 
into  Mrs.  Drap.n-'s  honse  ami  robbed  me  of  great  p.art  <.f  n.y  ehim.. 
Kitmned  to  my  Stonghton  home  in  the  evening. 

.'  Dne  Wall," who  assisted  the  Hegnlars,  and  was  engaged  with  tln'n.  in  the 
battle  at  Bnnker's  Hill,  is  taken  np  in  lio.<lon,  and  e..nimilted  to  Jail  there. 
A  li-t  of  tin;  tories  n-maining  in  lioston,  with  tin-ir  several  elnir.a.ters  and 
behavi.u-  during  tln-ir  residen.^e  with  the  Kegtdars  in  lioston,  is  ...nt  to  the 
Gein'ral  Onn't:  and  a  eonmiittee  is  appointed  tliereon. 

'■  S„lui;l<n/,  Ai.nl  ti.-ln  tin'  allerno<ni.  Kd.  <ininry  stupp.  d  h.re.  lie 
,.„ne  from  liosbm,  and  savs  that  (apt.  Manly  was  in  I'.oMon,  and  told  there 
he  had  taken  (n,t  of  the  ll.^l  a  brig  ladon  with  tories  and  tory  goods, 
and  ..ther  etVeets  wl.ieh  they  plnnder,.!  it.  Hoston.  Among  the  tories  is  Kill 
.Pu'kson.  It  is  said  this  was  their  riehest  vessel  in  the  fleet :  had  eighteen 
Ihonsaml  ponnds  sterling  in  eash  on  board,  besides  an  exceeding  valnable 
cargo   of   Knr.,pean  merchandize.       liesidcs  •  liill  .la.-kson.'  'Cnine    lirnsh' 

\va.s  taken  in  this  vessel. 

"Fi-Ula,/,  April  I'J.-Wcnt  to  lioston,  remaine.l  all  day,  an,l  lodged  there 
with  Cai.t"  .Jonathan  Davis.  The  evening  1  spent  in  company  with  live  or  si.>c 
<,f  mv  old  friends  and  a.-,,nainlancc.  The  town  yet  h.oks  nndam'boly  :  but  few 
of  tlie  inhabitant,  bring  rcnn.vcd  bark  into  it,  occasioned  by  its  m.t  being 
sullicieiitlv  forlilie.l  and  garrisoned  agaii.,1  any  further  attempt  of  the  cinMny, 
to  whi.'li  it  now  lies  mnch  exposcl.  The  shops  in  general  ivnia.n  ^hut  uii. 
This  dav  is  the  anniversary  of  tlie  faiinni-^  battle  of  Lexington. 

..  ,ij,',.it  i(i._l!cinaiiied  in  lioston.  Several  of  the  active  tories  haN  e  been 
cxamincl  bv  the  Court  of  ln,|niry,  and  .oniniitted  to  jail  for  trial.  Dr. 
Whitworth  and  .Son  were  yesterday  .u,  their  examinallon,  and  afterwards 
,„-aered  to  give  bail.     It  is  said  the  juMh-o  have  evidence  of  the  chictor's  not 

having  acted  the  part  of  an  1 M  -nrg. in  his  practice  on  the  late  niilbr- 

tunutrc.donel  I'arker:  and  that  his  limb  was  nnueee^-arily  taken  olV.  and  a 
cruel  neglect  of  attendance  on  him,  by  whi.di  means  he  lost  his  life."  [I'arker 
of  Clielinsford  was  taken  prisoner  at  Hunkers  Hill,  and  died  in  lioston  jail.J 


cimoxic[-K  ov  'iiiK,  siEOi;. 


ISl 


Mr  Trio,  took  .  l.oMs..  in  Do.rlu.st...-  till  l.o  sh.ml.l  thiMl<  it  s.fo  to 
„nko  l,is  l.oMu-  i,.  Bostou,  vvlHTO  Uv  u..nt  daily  to  ex.Mn.u-  papers  u,  the 
Cuslom-l.oMs.s  Treasurer  Gray',  ollio-,  a,ul  tin-  I'rovinee  House. 
Manv  other  eilizens,  like  hi.nself,  considered  l'.oslo,.  still  .u  danger. 


Ll-.TTKHS  TO  (iAIiDINKi:  (iliKl'.NlC. 
In  rroceedinirs  of  Mass.  Historical  Soeiety  lor  .lune,  1^7:1.  are  throe 
very  livelv  letters  relating  to  the  siege  and  evaenatiou.  addr.'ssed  to 
(iMrdiner  (ireeue.  .Vs  a  n>erehant,  at  the  age  of  twuty-one.  he  had 
U.rt  here  Ibr  Demarara  in  Sept..  1771.  He  vsiled  llostou  in  l,sS 
«hen  he  .narriol  here  a  second  wile,  and  in  1N)0  was  n.arricd,  a  thuM 
tin.e,  to  ,1,0  daughter  of  the  painter  Copley.  He  then  eau.e  to  tins  Ins 
.uUive  place,  heh.g  on.,  of  the  u„>st  en.inent  and  prospeml  uierrhtnUs 
licre  till  his  death  in  !■"*:'•■-'. 

The  writer  of  the  first  of  these  letters,  his  friend.  D.  Creene.  datn.g 
lloston,  Mav  0.  177^.  congratulates  hin,  that  ho  is  on,  of  -  ,lus  nn- 
,,^,j,,,,,  ,„„„;,,,.  i„  i,s  present  situation  inl^.rior  to  any  country  on 
c-uth  ••  lie  givos  a  vivid  account  of  the  allair  at  Conco.'d.  of  the  nsnig 
of  the  conn,n-  people,  and  of  the  stopping  next  day  uf  all  free  con,- 
„HU,icatiou  with  the  town,  and  of  the  dilllcultios  at.endiug  ,ho  arrange- 
,„..ul  with  (;a.e  lor  the  exit  of  the  inhabitants.  His  syn.patlnos  appear 
l„  have  l,e..n  with  the  royalist  pa,-ty.  Ho  uientions  many  prouuuent 
„erso,.s  and  fanulies  in  the  town,  as  they  were  ahnaucd  a,  the  stale  ol 
„,i„.,.s.  sonu.  concluding  to  stay,  otho,-s  likely  to  be  scattered  in  various 
directions,  while  he,  with  a  few  friends,  was  going  to  London. 

The  second  let,er   is  from  .loseph  dreene,  ,he  b.^olher  of  dardnu.r, 

and  is  of  similar  tenor. 

The  thi,-d  letter  is  fron.  his  IViend.  .lohu  Perkins,  and  ,s  da,ed 
Halifax  \n-.  -',  177(1.  The  wriler.  in  explah.ing  to  his  correspondent 
,,„,  He'cau.e  ,a  be  where  he  was.  inlnrn,.  hi.n  that  Howe,  with  the 
Bri,ish  arn,y,  the  ,o.-ies,  e,c.,  luni  le,',  Boston,  and  ■•  con.e  down  to  tins 
hole,  the  dregs  of  the  earth." 

.>W,,..u  we  came  from  IVston  all  your  friends  were  well  They  all 
.,.,ved  as  well  as  our  lamilv.  By  all  aeeonnis  they  Ouv  toleraldy  well.  Alumst 
.v,'rv  one  who  came  IVum  lioston  to  this  place  have  gone  away  agau, ;  some 


188 


fllKOXTCT.E    OV    THK    SIKfiE. 


f(vi- Kngland,  somi' for  lioail-<iii!irl.T»,  nnd  till!  ivinaiiKViMvill  go  as  soon  ns 
they  ('^1  leivi-n  wliore  tlio  anny  is  .U'imc  to,  ami  nvIu'IIw,-  lliey  have  mail«  Ihoir 
liiiuUng  good,  for  tliis  is  willunit  cxcfplion  tlio  most  despicable  places  cvn-  I 
lin.'w"  Till-  prii'.'  of  liviiiR  here  is  cxicidiiifr  liiprli,  and  tlio  pcopU;  it)  frni- 
cral,  a  poor,  mean,  low-lived  set  of  lieings;  and  wen!  it  not  that  I  liavo 
some  expeetalions,  wouldn't  tarry  here  a  day  longer  after  my  aecoiints  are 

settled. 

"Itiseerlainly  ahapi)y  thing  to  live  under  so  mild  a  governmeni  as  tlie 
present  Knglish  government;  but  Vm  snre  if  more  authority  had  hec^i  made 
use  of  a  lew  years  pa-t,  mueh  esiiense  might  have  been  saved:  but  I  blame 
no  one,  for  tlie  Devil  hims.df  eouldii't  think  to  see  the  present  unhappy  war 
increase  to  so  great  a  height  in  so  sliort  a  time. 

"Your  old  IViend,  .Taek  Collin,  arrived  here  a  few  days  past  from  l.on.luu, 
bound  to  head-(|uarlers  ;  your  Inele  Chandler  s.ailcd  a  few  days  past  for  I..m- 
don,  together  Willi  .lohn  I'owell  and  his  family,  otir  old  friend,  I'raiik  .Tohoii- 
not,  .Fohn  Erving  and  family,  Mr.  Leelimero  ami  family,  the  eoinmis>ioners, 
&c.,  &e.;  in  short,  one-half  of  lioston  is  now  in  England,  and  they  tell  mo 
that  the  lioslonians  are  .so  Ihi.^k  about  the  streets  of  I.omhui  that  it  is  im- 
agined seleetmen,  war.leiis,  &e.,  will  be  .■lio.s,.n  there,  aeeording  to  the  ,dd 
Hostonian  method." 

Any  reader  wlio  is  curious  to  iiilbrui  himself  about  the  fortunes  of  tlie 
exiles  who  found  their  way  to  I-oikIoii,  will  liii.l  them  relatcl  witli  force 
•uul  pathos  in  the  Journal  and  Letters  of  Jmlg.'  Curwcii.  as  e.liled  l.y 
Jlr.  Ceorii-e  .\.  Ward.  'I'lie  homeless  wanderers  lived  for  the  most  part 
on  slender  i)en>ions  from  the  government,  ami  haunted  places  of  resort 
to  learn  the  news  and  rumors  of  their  dismal  days. 


UK.    .\Nl)lii:\V   ELIOT. 

Dr.  Andrew  Kliot,  settled  over  the  New  North  Church  in  I'.oston  in 
17.1-2,  remained  in  B<,s(on  during  the  siege.  Some  very  interesting 
letters  from  him  to  his  son  Samuel,  at  Waltliam.  with  his  family,  .are 
preserved.     Samuel  left  Boston  August  id. 

The  doctor's  family  left  early  in  the  siege.  His  uife  went  to  Fairlield, 
Ct..  May  .'id.  lie  did  not  .see  her  for  eleven  months,  and  lound  great 
ilillicultv  in  eonmiunicating  with  her  at  rare  intervals,  and  sriiding  her 
nuaiey  and  apparel.  When  Hags  passed  between  the  armies  those  who 
could  make  strong  interest  could  exchange  open  letters. 


CIlKONK'r.I"    OI-    'I'llF,    SII'CK. 


180 


'rii(.  (loclor  liMil  no  i'lra  (pI'wIiiiI  was  liclorc  liini  wlicii  lie  liirricil  in  llic 
town.  S(Tin;j,-  « inter  hvUnr  liini.  li.'.  in  S,.|,(cinl)cr,  tricl  very  ciinicslly 
to  S"'  ii  l""*^-  '"'l  ''  "''"^  ivlii^fil.  lie  nnr,.  nwnlo  iirclKiinliiin  lor  Hie 
Avinlcr,  bnt,  Hiinlsin;;:  lie  slionl.i  li<-  !ill. .«>•<]  t<,  Uavc,  -ol,l  his  Mcin's.  iuul 
tlnn.  in  llif  iniiM.^>iliililv  ol'  ivpliuin-  lli.nn.  snllrn.l  :-cv,-ivly.  in  d.l.ii- 
vali.ins,  iUKl  in  anxiety  abonl  liis  faniily.  He  wi'otr  liis  sun,  cm  Nov. 
20,  ■'  Had  I  known  wlial  I  was  I.,  cndnv.  I  >lionia  liave  licen  ainoni;-  tlio 
lirst  llial  Icl't  tlie  town,  thouiili  1  liad  lo-t  all." 

Clinton  was  in  Ilancofk's  lion>c  ;  ISnitioync  in  Bow.loii,'- :  Dis. 
Mallior  .and  Hylcs  ivnuiinod.  and  .Mr.  lioylston.  lirooniMcId  and  dona. 
Anioiy.      Karl   Terry  was  in  the  .\ndrews  lumse.  corner  of  Winter  nml 

Tri'inonl  >treet.«. 

..Vliont  a.lHtO   of  the    inliahitanis   of  the   town  were    sniniosed  to   havo 

reni.aineil  after  I'.unlo'r  Hill. 

Tlie  seleelnien  weri>  not  allowed  to  go  ont. 

Interleaved  Kneidand's  Almanac.  177."),  notes:  — 

"  Tlnn-s.  I.ec.  Preach. ,  i*i:c. 
"  April  V.I.  —  Kni;:i<;enienl  at  reneord. 
"  April  !tO.  — My  children  sailecl  for  S.deni. 
"May  3.  —  l>car  Mrs.  F.liot  set  out  for  Fairlhdd. 

•'June  17.  — Battle  .it  Charle^lown  •.  Town  e.insiniied.     Oh,  dii'iu  horrcn- 
dum!    holla,  horrhla  hella!    is,  ..reached  .\.  .M.  and  P.  M. 

"  June  2-2.  —  Dr.  Mather,     'rinn  s.  Lecture."     "  :;'.).  —  X"  1-eeturc." 


He  carried  (.ii  the  Thursday  lecture  alternat<dy  with  Dr.  Mather. 

"A-./rci»/.<T  30.  — Preached,  T.  I,.  Calu^  r.-n:  pare.  The'  attendance  of 
this  lecture  h.aiis,  exceeding  small,  and  ..iir  work  -reatly  iiureas,.!  in  other 
respects.  Dr.  Mather  and  I,  wli...  since  the  ih^partiire  of  eiir  other  Brethren, 
hiul  preached  it  alternately,  thonglit  proper  to  lay  il  down  for  the  present.  I 
preiichod  the  last  sermon  from  those  words  in  Itev.  i',  '  Ucmember  how  thou 
hast  received,'  &c.  An  alVectins  o.ra^io,,  ,>f  lavin-  down  a  Icetnro  which 
had  subsisted  more  than  110  years.  The  small  e„i,-r,.gation  was  much 
moved  at  the,  conclusion." 

"Records,  means  of  support,  coiilrilaUiniis,  private  ■rifts  sent  in,  meats, 
other  articles  of  subsistence  ami  ,arioU-  luxuries." 


liH) 


CIIKONICI.K    OK    '1111';    SlKCiK. 


liilcrli'iivi'il  Aliiimiiic,  1  TTH  :  — 

".!/,(-,■//  17.-rivaoliril  A.  M.  aii.l  V.  M.     Itclcii  rv;u'il!llr,l. 

"Mdirli  •.';!.  — CHiiiliriil^'i'.     Diiii'il  "■itli<'"l'  Milliii. 

".V,irrl,  J7.  — Ciinibnil',^'.     I'IihmI  uiili  (l.'ii,  Wasliiii;rl"n. 

./,/,„,./,  -H._l'ro:iclir,l  hHV.rc  Cm.  Wii-hin-luii."     [Tlmrs.hij   I tuiv.J 

TI,cr..ll<iwiM.iisnn.>Ntr..-l  (V.mi  a  U-tl.T  written  in  Boston.  .Inly  ;i I, 
177,-,,  liy  Dr.  Klint  to  1.  mM'nwv,  Dnniol  I'm'Ucr,  Ksq.,  who  luul 
j^ot  out  of  llu'  town  iiilo  Siilrni  :  — 

..  Y„m'  "ivMt  ;.ll,.iitio„  tn  mr  mimI  c-nr.-n.  lor  my  .nMilort  ,]r-vno  my  sin- 

,,,,,..,  tlnnk-.     1  n ivr.1  Ih,.  tun  ,,n:ul.T^  nl'  niultn,,,  m.,.1  l.avo  .livi.l.cl  ono 

iK.tw.M.M  l.r.  li.M.l  :u,a  .Mr.  W.l-I,,  «l,o  ,.mhv.s  ,l,.ir  a,l<nn«lnt^,.M„.t,ts  ui 
tUo  l,is],.st  ...rm<.  r:n1  ..f  ,!,.■  u.lu.,-  I  s),.ll  s,.,„l  ...  >m:>K.  tn-o.h  tW  tho 
pns,„„  rs  who  l,:,v,.  ,v.llv  .nllVn.,1  tor  thn  want  of  fivsh  moat.     I  «hall  th.s 


.lay  niakr  a  cinantily  of  l>r..lh  fm-  the  sick  armm 


il  me,  wild  are  very  nnnierDUS. 
You  eannnt  ,n,u-eiv..  th,.  nT,.!'  you  u  ill  jrive  to  ^-reat  nnmhers  of  pei-.-ms  by 
„,is  kiM.lom,...  I'erhaps  y.nn-  h.oth  has  l.vn  ,lis,„.Mse.l  tothirtyor  Ibrty  su^k 
pc.pl...  I  hax  e  invile,!  a  nnmher  of  frien.ls  to  partake  of  th,.  re.st.  lo  l.ve 
Lm.'  secnes  of  I.loo.l  a,„l  -laughter,  an.l  othor  triaN  [  do  not  eare  to 
„„.,„ion  is  hard,  and  >..,  on  tho  whole.  1  eaanot  say  I  an,  sorry  I  tarne,!. 

Tl,e  followine-  letter  was  written  U  Df.  Kli"l  to  his  frh.el,  Mr.  Isaac 
Smith,  a. .ra.lnate  an,!  a  tutor  at  Ilarvanl  College,  lu  tl,e  pnnie  whieh 
..i...,l  n,:uv  of  tl,e  people  of  UoMon  he  en.harke,!  at  Marhlehea.l  lor 
Funhnal.  Mav  ^7,  177o.  He  .as  onlaiue,!  as  nnnister  of  a  ,lissent.n- 
,J,„,oation'at  Si.ln.oulh.  i:n,lan,l.  .lune   :il,    177S;  en.l.utol   lor  h,s 

,,,Unnliere   in    .Vpril.    1 7M  ;   1 anu.   hbrarian   at   llarvanUan.l    atter- 

Nvar.ls  s-.rvea  as  Chaplain  to  the  Uoston  .Mmshouse;- 

■•  liosroN,  April  .'',  177<i. 

"Jlii.  IsAAO  Smith, //""''""■•  — 

..Mv  vrnv  ,.r.v.=  S.u.-Wlen  1  wrote  yon  last  1  .li,l  not  dar,.  to  wntc 

.vUhanvkin,lon^ ,„„,,,.,  ,vl,:,t  1  wrote  sbouMlall  into  the  hands  ol  our 

then   MasbM-s,  whieh  wonbl  ha^e   ospose.l  n.e  to  Hear  rese„tm,.nt,  wlueh 
„,,„nv  lVare,l,  Ibr  their  wrath  was  .rnel.     I  ..annol  repent  n>y  havinj:  tarne, 

I    town:    Hs,.,an..,ln,a.,.s.aryb,   P— -e,l,e^oryla f  r.b^on.     l.nt 

,„„|,i„.^woul,l  in.lu.-o  uu.  a;,au,  lo  H,.  n,|  .-1...  u  momhs  in  a  ;.amso„  town. 

..\V:l,a^eb,.,.nab■,u,llo   .peak, ib.almo-l    ,o  think,      W.  aro    now 


ciiitoMcr.K  oi"  'I'lir.  siKcK. 


,,,li..v..,l-wo.„l..rrMllv  ,l.-li-..T,-.l!     Th.    I..UM    h:,ll,   1 M  ,■^M^„at..l    bv   tlm 

IkilUl.  tmi-i-s  i«.  M..l.l.'ii!.v  tl,;,l  tlicvliinr  1,11  Mm.,/in-  .Mrnvs  Url 1  ll..m. 

va-^t  ■lUiinlit  W  nf  r.al.  « l.i.h  llH.  iMlml.ili.Mls  li:.v,.  1 M  rn.,.ll>  .l.ulr.l  lhPm;.Mi 

,|„.  wi„l.T.  ,-.Mnn„    .,,.1   u..-Uk,.    >l..v.   in    mI,u,h1:,„.t,    p...1.T,   l,n,>,-l,..UM, 

l„tv.  .MsU.,  bnin.  &.•.     .;,v:il  n,ii„l,.T.  M'  ll,.  IVi.n.ls  lu  .,nv,T„ .f,  ns  ll.T 

;.  rullcl,  an.  p.no  to  Ilulilkx,  .tcw,!,,!  in  n.--Is  «1h''1'  ^vill  -Mir.  .•ontun. 


a  I' 


„„„„.     Wl,:„   will  1 <..u..  .(•  tlw.u  ll.wv,  (iu,l  knows!     Tin.  plar.  is  lull 

„,,,,„,,.  Tl.i,iM,'l..nnu-  nn,:a  In.U,  n.i>r,l  Ih.  .piril.  of  tin.  rolonist.  to 
tho  Ini^hrsl  pit.h.  Tin.  l,...kui,onit.san,n„,U.:Hvi,..o,y.  1  .bn- now  .,, 
sav  ^vl,at  1  .li.l  not  .lar.  to  >ny  l,Wore  thi.s-l  Innv  long  thon.Hu  ,t -lUat 
(|,-oat  ISnl.iin  r„H,„d  snl.ji.Kat.^  'In;  .olonius.  ln.l..pf>«M,.nr.,  a  yar  a-o, 
,„„,,1  „,.i  l,av..  l,....  puhli.ly  un.n.ion.M  will,  inn.nni.v.  Notlnn-  .Ise  >.  m.^v 
talk.Ml  ,.!■.  ami  I  Know  nol  wl.at  ..,„  1,.  .Ion.  l,.v  (Ina.  llrilain  to  invv.-nt  .t. 

0  Vonr  l..tt.r.  wiv  nna-1,  ,  '  Vr,.,l  a.  on,-  ll.a,!  quru-v.  in  town.  Th-y 
w..,v  s,.Mt  onl,  l,nt  von.-  latin-,-  [•  '  S^'l''"']  t""^  "'«  '">  '"'''''  '•'■™'''"'  '"'' 
Yon  will  c-a.-ih  b.-li,.v.-tl,.-v  w.-,-.- n-t  ,-,.li-ln-.l  l.y  iIiom.  at  tI,o  l,oa,l  of  alVa,i-a 
„„,ln-otl,.r  Mr.  Tln-ya,-.  a.  p,-, -at  k-pt  -,  ,-,v, ,  l.ul,  yon  will  natn.-a'ly 
M,p, n.ust  hav..  m-a(.-,l  a  p,-,;jn,li™  a-ainM.  yo.,,    ■■  liu-  as  they  an-  known. 

..  1  ai-1  in.t  .-a,-r  in  nn'la.t  to  m.iiiion  tUo  .-onU-nipt  tl,i-own  npon  on,-  places 
„|-\Vo,-hip  Tho  (ll.l  No.-lh  pnllo.l  .loun;  \U:  ,S.-uallV  [OUl  Soutl.J  ,na,lo  a 
,i,r„,..  .,.-l,ool  fo,- tin-  l.i^rhl  IIo,-M.,-th>  ho,,.,- ,i;ntt,-,l.  atnl  tin-  InM.U- totally 
.l,..l,-ov,-,l-,  1),-.  fo..p,-,-s  [Ura.tlo  >t,-,-.-tJ,  .M.-.  llowa,-.r.  [W,-.-.,  .lon-.hj,  an,l 
1),-  liy'u-'  [lloUi...  M,-.ol]  t,„-„..l  into  bai-ra.-ks,  withont  any  appoa,-an,-,-  ol 
,„.,.,.,lily;  .M,-.  Moo,-l,.-a,r,s  LlV.h-,-al  >t,-,-.-t]  lUl.-,!  will,  l,ay  ;  Mv.  Stilbnaa's 
[ItaptistJ  .na,l.  an  ll.^-pib.l.  .^n.l,  ,-o,nl,nt  w,a,M  .lis^n-a.-.-  l,a,l.a,-ians.  1  a„. 
,,„,„.  M,k  of  .\,-,ni.-.-.,a„>l  an,  ,U.lw-„,in,-,l,  if  pos,il,h-,  nov,-,-  to  liv,-  in  tin-  >an,„ 
],la,-i-  with  any  i-oi,si,lri-alil(-  lioily  of  fo,-,-,--^. 

..  1  ,-ef,-|-iT.l  yon  to  M,-.  W .      Vca,  ,nn-t  mako  so,„o  allowaiK-,-s  fo,-  tin, 

loSM-s  In-  liati,  'mot  with,  whi.-h  hav,-  too  „„,>h  artnato.l  hi-s  niin.l.     lie  is  a 
scnsihli,  man,  ami  I  hope  will  n,.i-t  will,  i-moi,,at;v„,,-nt. 

"  1  att,„.l,-a  last  w,-.-k  a  im-.-linj;  of  the  ()vc-,-.sl-c-,-.s  ,iml  ('o,-lioi-ati,)ii  [of  tlio 
coll,---]  at  \Valo,towi,,  foi-  the  lirst  lim,-  si„,-e  .air  ,-nlai-f:in,-nt.  We  voteil 
(l,,,na-al  Wa.shin-ton  a  .h-Sfe.-  of  I.L.I).  Ih-  is  a  f„„- (;,.nlU-,nan,  ami  hath 
fhanm-il  evei-Nbody  .since  he  hath  hail  the  L-ommaml. 

..  I  liiul  acmimittee  of  ovei-see,-s  appointe.l,  at  tin-  motion  of  the  General 
Court,  to  examine  the  politi,-al   p,-i,Mlple.s  of  those  who  -ov,-rn  the  eoUoge. 

1  hope  i,o  evil  will  eome  to  several  wo.thy  men  there.  I  hear  your  l.-lt,-r  was 
taken  as  a  resi<:,.ation  [as  a  Tnto,-].  Mr.  I'roles.orS.-wa!!  at  p,-,-se„t  ,.tlie,ates 
in  vonr  plae.-.  The  l'resi,le„l  is  in  ha,-le  to  ,„ove  the  Stuclents  to  Camhri,l-e. 
The  l!nil.lin-s  are  in  a  sho.kin-  .-late,  having  been  impi-ove.l  for  barracks. 


1!)2 


(  IlllOMCI-K   OF   TIllO   siK(;i;. 


Tliti  Lil)niry  ;>nil  Ai)p!ir:iliis  mtc  5;ilr  mI  Aiidovci-.     'Vhr  mdMiiT'*  arn  all  giino 
friim  Caiiibi'iil;,'"  t»  tlic  SoiilliwanI,  wlicn'  llu'V  i-'xpccl,  tlic  wi^al  iil'  aclimi  will 

bo. 

'•  Dr.  WarrciiN  Ixuly  lialli  l.ccii  broii^'lil  IVcm  Ilnnkcr".'*  Hill,  iiml  was  l.iiriud 
yostcnlay  Willi  all  .Mililary  II.mkii's,  and  iUn^v  ,.r  Mas.iiii-y.  It,  was  carrlod 
IVoiu  till'  UL'iiresdntativcs'Clianilair  to  llu'  Kind's  t'liapi'l.  |ti\  I'mipcv  imiyuil. 
Mr.  I'orcz  Mdrtiin  ilclivcrnl  a  sinritcul  nratiun,  wlicrciii  lii^  piililicly  urged  an 
ciitiro  disiMiniiectioii  witli  Cnal  llrilain.  This  is  tin'  I'a.-liiinialilc  doi'triiic, 
and  1  airaiii  say  that  1  do  nut  sci^  that  Croat  liritaiii  <'aii  priniiit  it.  When 
Shu  rojoctiid  tlio  last  petition  of  the  ('on;;ress  it  was  all  over  with  her. 
"  I  am  \oiirs,  \ei'y  sineercdy, 

"A:  Kl.IOT." 


Dl.MiV    (IK    TIMiilllV    NKWICI.I.. 

There  is  a  lively  and  piipiaiil  eliaraelel-  in  llie  I'ollowiiii;  extracts  frcnil 
the  diary  of  'nniotliy  Ni'well,  Ksq.,  one  of  the  selectmen  of  liostoii. 
lie  rem.ainc.l  in  the  town  dnrins  llio  siege.  As  a  deacon,  and  one  of 
Ihc  coinniitlee  of  lirattle-street  Clnirch,  lie  made  laborious  and  zealous 
ellbrls  to  preserve  and  save  from  alinse  tlie  costly  and  ideuant  structure, 
v.hieh  had  then  been  built  only  two  or  three  years  for  the  society.  The 
diarv  is  printed  in  full,  in  the  Collections  of  Mass.  Historical  .Society, 
•llh  .Series,  \'(d.   1.      The  foUowini;-  aic  extracts:  — 

Mriiiomnihim,  lilli  Sijil.,  ITT.'i. 
Me.«.s".  Aucliini'lo.-li,  Morrisson,  unci  andther  per.-ien  cana-  Id  au-,  as  ilirue  Steleli- 
nien  lui.l  licca  liulere  — they  sliowed  lae  a  imper  directed  U<  ine  .•icltinf,'  forth  that 
'"I'lie  J!cv'i.  Mr.  .Mi>rrissi)n  was  luTinittial  by  his  KNccllency  tien'.  (he.'e  to  preach 
und  dL-ired  lie  iniiv  have  the  use  of  I)'  Cooper's  .Meuliii-lmus,. —  .signed  l.y  ahout  ;!0 
Seolelinien  and  otiiers-viz.  li.  irallowill  .1.  Forre.-t  ,^e.  -  I  desircl  tliey  would 
leave  tlio  I'liper  for  iiiv  con.-ideralion.  —  Tliey  did  nol  cIhim  1  sliould  keep  it  ami 
hvixim  to  ur-e  their  lia'vin.„'  Iho  lHai.«e.  —  For  aiisw.T  I  told  llieiii,  I  looked  upon  it  a 
lii^'li  insult  upon  llie  Socii'ly  tlieir  proposin,^' it,  and  turned  my  liaek  ii]ion  tlieiii  and 
soVd't  tlieiu.  r.M.  Mess^.'lihiek,  Dixon,  Hunter,  ciuiic  and  told  me  his  Exeelleney 
the  Gencnil,  had  eonsenteil  they  should  have  our  Meelinj-'liouse  and  ilesired  I  would 
deliver  them  the  Key.  I  told  tlaiii  wli.ai  I  see  such  iiu  cu-der  I  slicnild  know  how  to 
proceed.  One  s;iid  'to  me  ~s.i,  you  refuse  to  drliver  the  Key.  I  auswiTed  with  an 
emotiiui  of  resentment,  Yes  I  ilo. 

l.-itii.  As!  was  attendiuijafunenil.  the  l'i',H".-l  M'  ('unniu:ah:ini.  eiiiiir  lo  me  iind  tohl 
me  "  Itwa.s  his  Kxeelleney  the  Cleiii'  eoiumaud,  1  should  immediately  d.divir  him  the 
Key  of  D'  Cooper's  MeeliULdiouse— I  repfad,  1  must  see  the  (ioviTuor  —  he  Udd 
me  he  would  nol  .see  me  till  I  had  delivered  llie  Key.  I  told  him,  1  must  .s,.e  llie  (gen- 
eral, and  refused  to  delivia-  the  Key.     He  left  me  in  a  -leat  ra-e  and  .swore  lie  wouhl 


(  iiKoMi  I.I.  <)i'    Tin:  SIKl.r. 


VXl 


in„„...l, Iv  u..n.l  l,n.:,k  -n  ,1..  ,lo„r-.      I   i.H  .1,,.  .u   .-I  -M    '         ''  ;'         '  ^ 

,l„v,.m„f'..  -  .'..llin.  ,.,,  ('Ml'--  K"i"'.^  to  «-.  with  n,..  -  II.  •■x.-n-'l  I""  -1'    ""'  " 
;,.,aal,„u..     Tl.  .i„v..,-„u,- revive.,,  na- ..ivilly.     I  ,ul.ln..s,..,l  „,y-..ll  -,.  hl.n  „n,| 

th,ill.'Kllint',in„nl-rl.,m.M..nn,».I.U.  „nr  p,..,,,!.,  «.„  ,.,  |,n.„yl,  ,n  -.wl  .\ -■  un,- 

1,,.,..,.  n,.x(  Sul,lM,.h,  o,-  th.  S„l,l.,ll,  nf...r,  ,nwl  tl,a.  ,1,,.  ,"■.-.,,   .lu.y  l.n.l 1  «n^^  " 

M„„  M-  infanmus  ..liuruH..,-,  .l,,.!.  h.,1  it  Ik..-,,  „.1.w«-,-,.,  I   .l.nul,    „ut  „|M.u>,.   t  ..   . 
.A,„l  I  ,l,..i,nl  l,i.  Kx..llw"'y  ,v„ul,l  ,.„„.i,l>.r  „f  it.     I  ,■  ...1.1  ."■■   ..•  w.    1  I . 

,,i,„.'_l  „all  „.,....•>..,.  I  l..li..v...l:'0  ,ni,.,....s  f, ,  l,in,  l,..f.,>v l'n.v..-t •■      >! 

a  «.ri..>...  ,.f.l..f  ...  .l.'liv.r  .1-  K.  y  i'"' '-"•l^->  "•'"'■"  '  '' '■'■'■••'l'"«'^     "  '"■"  ' 

,„  „,.,  ,,,.,..,1  ,1,..  .i„v,.,-n..r  t., tny  .l-liv-.t-i,,.,  tl„.  K..y  ...f  .  ..■  -vas.,,,-  ...v.    - 

,.n....n  wl,v  that  l,....-  sl,„..l,l  .a.,  h.'  nta.l,.  a f  a-  any  ,-,l,..f.     ...•.'   1^    .H ; 

Cwla.nl  ,m.nti„m..l  .h..  ,-•. h,.r  l„.in«  ..f  au  infa a.  ,.|,a,.a,.„..-,  ..aal  '-  K.'.  « 

l.arn,  <,(  man.  l.nt  this  W  kn,.w  that  h.  I Uf.  a  v,.,-.v  ha,.  s,.rv„.,.  an,l  .ak.  ,  u,, 

„■„,,  ,,  ,, 1 n,,.  m.xt  ,lav  th,.  rr,.v„.|  .a ..,  n,>  >h„v,  I  »'..  I"'"'!-'  H'""'- 

I,..  l,.n;„r,l  that  h..  ,.an„.  lor  th-  a,,,,aratu.  „r  th..  I'nlpii  an.l  that  h,.  n,n-.  hav.  th.. 
K,.v  uiuU.r  th,.  in.ll.i.,  >ai.l...-i".'  .h..  ,.,.rtain  an,l  ....<hi.,n.  «..r..  tlar...      1  h,.     n.v.M 

ar„r...ai,l  an,!  .«•,..•,.  „..,.t  hitt..rly  that  if  1  .li.l  .....  -n.l  .h'"..  h,.  «„„,>,..  th,.  .ha, 
;;„.„_a,„.a....„r.hn..ly  .  h,.ar  ,h..  sa,n,.  wa.  f.,r,.,.,l  ...an  an,,  that  „  '■""■- '"I 
1)- Wurrvt,  w..ro  th..r..,  h,.  vv„ul,.  hr..ak  .h,.ir  h,.a,l.  an,,  .ha.   h..  »..ahl  .ha.,  na    m 

the  ,M.tt..r.  i...  ,M...  «<.-.  -■.■hi-  I'.'i..'.!  ^"""-'k^-  "'■'-"'""". '  '•'',";"  '""  •"  ";■  "■;" 

Ma.nt  th..  ..v..nin«at   Major  .■hillil.-V —■.."m.H.'.I  "Li' ■'  h'"' ..-.vn...  -a,.v,-...l  -1,1 

in  th.  , -..in.  (h,.in«  ....r..,  ..ay)  a,„.  hnakla-t  with  hn,,  an,,  al.,  ..,..,•,  wh.         . 

,„„,  ,...t,.r„,.,.  h..„u.  a.^..,-  nin,.  a.  ni.ht  -  .o,„„.  S.r,..„t  w,,h  n     ,  fr  ha.lh         tw     . 

Ht„urh„u-,.  for  .nu- Tints  ,.n..,  a  .Sahhath  whi,.h  vm.Iumv,.  „1  ,h,.  ,„.,-,.h.xUu.    a,„. 

inMill.«  la.f,.r,.  ni,.nti.a».,l,  has  has  h....n  .i  K"„.l  .lay  lor  m,.. 

,.   s   Capt.  Krvin.  an.l  ,ny>..ir  h,.in^-  th,.  only  , -ons  „f  ,h,.  <  •o,n„,„„.,.  .vn.a. n    .' 

i„  ,..wn,  1  a..,ptaint,.,l  hin,  ..fth,.  ,l,..nan,ls  ofth,-  (i,.n,.ral.  wl,o  a.lv.s,.,    n„.  tha    tt  th. 

;.,..  i,;i,t,.,.'„„  tia.  ...,iv,.ry  of  th,.    K,.y,   ...  .l.'liv-r  .L.  '^'"^      ■''':  ::;^  Z:^ 

s..v.ral  of  onr  .-arish  .laM,..h.  i-r.-p.-.- ...   ....i...."  th.  .!,.,>'.- I  a,lv,s,.,l  « ,.1   1 ,  st 

,„.,.hins,„.  |.:s,i',  who  thon:.ht  it  v..ry  pro,„.r.  an,l  a...o,.,hi,..ly  at  ,ny  "■;"'•  I"'  .; 

a  p,.titioM,  hat  upon  iH.-.h., n-ahrati....  an,.  h..arin.,  ot  tl pina.n  ..t  ,h,.  .  .,..u  t..l, 

la.  thonu'ht  it  h.st  not  to  pr.s,.nt  il.  ,        ,    .,  ,  ,  ,.\v„.|- 

l|.i.    \      \W-.m  takin-  .h.wn  hons.s  at  th.  So.ith  ...,.,  t.,  h.ul.l  a  n.w  l,n..  ...  W  .  .k- 
|.,.|.     )    -.  v" .1  .1,  ,1  of  .aniiona,lin|,'  ,m  holh  m,I,-  ih,-    lin.'s   for  ...any   .lays 

pas,.  '  S,.v,.ral  -hots  ,.,,0,.  Ihro'  h.,ns,.s  at  ,h,.  Sonth  .n...     Cai...  l".."'.'  I-'  '-  ''■- 

'"^."  Ti;.s.  s..v.ra.  ..avs  pa-t  hav,. ...h-hly  .p.i.t.     Th.  w.a-ks  at  n„.  Sonth- 

,var..  .„  on.     V.st..nlay  „„.  Crh,.,,,-  Man  „f  war  arriv.^  in  7  w..ks  trotu  .a,,,,  ,n, - 
hri,,.sa,.vh..s,,f.,a.,.,.iv.n,,.as,,r.shy  .\...,,i,.is.ra.H,n-..K.....n,.nts_on,  thon     n^ 

Marin.s,  anoth,.r  .V.hniral  with  a  ll,..t  of  naa.  .'f  war  ,v...  -  a>al  <  ..n,a.,l  (.a-.   ...H, 

'";;"'u,. ,..    Thi,  naanin,  two  1 ,1.  K.t.h.-  ....'1  -v.-l  ^i-'.  'I  '-  "'"'  J '■ 

sol,ii.,.,  saih.,1  ,n,  a  -,  .av,   ,.M.,.h.i..n.  i>  i-  -  "■'  ' ' '  ■'  ^'''l'  ^-^•■"^"'^  '"  '  """ 

Mh,  r,.tak..n  hy  ■  "l,al..  h-a.-.  an,l  ,.,,rri..l  on..  <',.p,    A.,..       as,,  ,0  ,1,  ......    o 

,1,.,   „  l,t>..a,n.nwha.|,  ,h,>  ,..„k  iV.an  .h,.,nan„t   war  -  ,1   tu.t  ,l,liv..,.l  .n-1 

huais  to  hoinhar,.  th,.  town. 
17 


194 


(  iii.'oNK  i.i;  OK  'I'm:  >ii.(;i:. 


)'►"'.  'I'ht  rr(ivinii;il<  tVnrn  I. inns  Dam  lii-cltai-ufil  tin  ii-  rannnii  at  rlic  IJi  L;ulai'>,  a^ 
Iln'V  rt-licvc  iriiaiil  at  tin-  liiif>  -  *  ( 'iic  Cui'iJurai  killi-tl  \\iili  a  cannon  t>all. 

ItJ"'.    A  iifiifij  man  Iti-lcmiiinL'  tip  wlu-i-liniJ  a  l<arriiw  load    i.t'  in  tin- 

Stri'i'ls,  till'  l'rov(i.-t  caini'  tip  tn  liiiii  ami  caniil  liiin  tii  a  jiivat  ik^;rif.  Tlif  ni"_'rii 
ccni^cinii.^  Ill"  liis  intincriK-i-  askcil  liiiii  why  liu  d'nl  ^l^  —  he  wa>  toKI  it  was  I'nr  wlit'i-linjr 
Iiis  liaiTou'  at  llii-  siiU-  nl'tlic  ^Ii-i'i-t  ;iinl  lint  in  tin-  iniddli-.  — Guni-ral  (iay:i'  sullt-tl  this 
ilay  U'V  I.iinilcin  ami  lift  MVi'fal  tliiin>aml  Inlialnlanis  in  town  wijo  are  tiitliTint;  llio 
want  tit'  Hrcail  am!  i*vri*y  m-fcs^ary  nf  lilV'. 

];»"'.  Ciihim-l  JJiri-Ii  ot' lliL'  I.i,L'!illii»r>i'  I>raL:'i.in,-;  \vcnt  tu  \  ii-w  nni- Mrctinuliouso 
[Hrattli' St.]  whii'li  was  ili'>lim-il  liir  a  liiilin^' Sihiiol  I'.ir  tliu  Diaiiiinns.  It  was  ilc- 
sijiiit-ii  t(i  fU-ar  tin-  llimr,  Limil]  tu  put  two  IVct  ul'tan  cnvi'i-fii  witji  li<irsi'(ltin;rto  make 
it  I'la^tif.  —  lint  whi-ii  it  was  cnnsiilcfi'ii  tliat  the  Pillars  must  lie  taki'ii  away,  wliicli 
WdiiUl  lirinu' iliiwii  tin'  idnf,  tiny  allfi'ril  thiar  inimi, —  sii  that  tin'  Pillars  ^aviil  ns. 

17"'.  'i'wii  lliiatin;;  halli  riis  t'nnit  tin-  rrnvincials.  iVoni  Catnliridvrt'  rivrr,  tin-il  a 
initnln-r  nC  caminn  intn  tlu'  Caiiiii  at  tin-  ('iiin:min.  tlu'  shut  went  tlirn  Iniii^-i-s  by  tin' 
Lainh  Tavfrn  \r. —  A  ih-i  rli'-.  wli-i  rami'  in  this  imirnin^'.  says  mii'  nt'  tin-  Catumn 
s)ilit,  ami  kilhil  ami  wtmnthd  srviial.  ."i  nr  ti  hats,  a  wai'tcnat  and  part  cd'  a  Imat 
caino  on  sjiori'  at  tlu-  luiltnni  id'  tin-  (.'nnnmiii. 

L'.'j"'.    Si-vi'i-al  nijihts  jiast  tin-  wlnih-  .-irniy  was  .irih-i-i-d  mil  to  nndrt-s: Iln-  caiuinn 

all  hiadi-i!  with  i:ra)u-  slmt  tVnm  a  t'nil  aiipn-lu-iision  tin-  Pmvim-ials  wi.nhl  maki-  an 
ati.u-k  npnn  tin-  tuuii.     'liu-  *ii-i-i-i>  (laradi-il  all  night  liy  tin-  Liuht  Iliirsr. 

I'T"'.  Till  spariiins  (//(/  Sui'll,  Mnliiuj  house,  taki-n  ]i(issi-ssiiin  nf  li\  Iln-  l-inhi 
lior.so  17"'  l!i-t;inu-nl  id'  I)i-a'.^iiiin-  (-.iinmandi-il  hy  l.ii-n'  f'ld"  Kainm-l  Hin-h.  'I'lu' 
I'tilpit.  pows  ami  si-ats,  all  rnt  tn  pii-i-i-s  and  rarrii-d  idV  in  the  most  savau^-  inanm-r 
as  ran  In-  t-\pri-s,.i-d  and  iK-stiin-d  I'm-  a  ridiiiLT  si-lnml.  Tin-  In-antil'nl  i  ai-vi-it  prw 
with  tlu-  silk  t'nrnitnri'  "f  Pi-ai-un  Ilnldiard's  w-as  taki-n  ilnwn  and  rarrii-d  tu  's 

lliinse-  hy  an  cdlii-i-r  ami  inaih-  a  hn^  sly,  .  Tin-  almvi-  was  i-lVc  i-ti-d  hy  tin-  scilii-ilaiiini 
(if  (ieiu-ral  ISnri^oyiu-. 

;10"i.  .\  snidii-r,  iini-  i.t'lhi-  l.i;;lit-hnrsL-  nn-ll  was  han..  d  at  tlu-  In  ad  ul'  Ih.-ir  i-anip 
I'lir  ath-inptini;  tn  di-si-rt.  rnn-lamation  i-sni-d  hy  liini-ral  lluwi-  t'or  tin-  Irdiahi- 
tnnts  to  sii.'ii  an  .\sso(-iation  to  take  amis  Oie. 

Nov(-in!ier  ^"'.  ,\  I'rm-laniatiitn  issin-d  for  pt-oph-  In  ,^ive  in  Ilu-ir  nann-s  to  l'o  out 
of  low  II.  hilt  iii-1'ore  ihe  time  liniileii  expired  a  -lop  was  put  to  it.  This  like  oiln-rs 
of  the  kind  sc-enis  only  desij;iied  to  (-ontiniie  the  vesalion  of  the  jn-ople. 

!)"'.    '  i-M-ral  (oinpaiiies  of  Keeiilars   frnni  Cliarh-stowii  went  over  to   I'hip's  lariii 
to  take  a   iininiier  of  Cattle  feedin.i;  there.     The  I'rcivineials  came  npmi  im-iii  .-iiid 
finoii  drovi'  them  on  hoard  hoats  al>er  an  t-nu'ii^ieiiieiit  —  it  is  .said  several  are 
anil  mme  killed,  Init  liny  supposed  many  of  the  I'rovineials  killed. 

li;"'.  AMany  people  turned  out  of  their  houses  for  the  troops  to  enter.  T'lie  keys  of 
(lur  Jleetinjj  house  cellars  di-manded  of  me  hy  .Major  SIn-rilf  hy  order  of  General 
IIowi-.  Houses,  fi  nci-s,  trees  ^>;r.  piilleil  down  and  i-arried  olf  for  fuel.  .My  wharf 
and  harn  inilled  .lowii  hy  order  of  (ieneral  Hohiiison.  Iteef,  Mutton,  I'ork  at  1  ,  ('. 
pf  lioiind,  (ieesi-  II       l-'owl~  il      s.  h.  M. 

r.)"'.  .\  laru'e  shi|i  arrived  I'nnii  I'lymonih  in  KiKjland  wilh  almost  every  kind  of 
pro\  isioiis  dead  and  alive.  Iiol's,  sheep,  fowls  din-ks.  i-iru's,  miiu-e  meat  \c.  tiintier- 
hread  .<(-.  Mimoi-iiiiiIum  ■.'."i  lieeimeiils  of  Kini,'s  inio|is  now  in  this  disln.-ssed  town. 
•Jt"'  Noveinlier.  A  Iran-port  Ship  i-arried  aliont  liiil  of  oiir  Iiihahitanls  to  Point 
.Shirley,  line  poor  Dnti-li  woniaii  altempu-d  to  c-arry  with  her  ahout  110  dollars. 
Morri-on  tlu-  de-erti-r  -i-i/ed  ilu-in  .-iiid  carried  tluin  to  Ihe  low  u  Major.  Ten  ilolhirs 
was  stojiped  hy  him. 


(  iii;oNi(  i.K  OF  Tin;  >ikm-: 


lil.1 


]■'  l)i  I  niilicr.  A  Ijir'jr  I!riL''"illi  onlinuwi'  -tnri"^.  :\  vi-ry  v.iliiiM.'  j'l'i/i'  from 
I.oiicinr   h.k'  II  \>y  (,'ii|U"  Manly  in  ii  Si/Ikhuht  rrlvalrir  I'nnn  IIi-vitIv. 

:;■'.  A  rr;ins|iiirt  Ship  saili'd  lur  I'niiit  Shirley,  wiili  alimit  tlir.  r  Imniln-il 
InlialjitMiil". 

7"'.  A  Uriir'  I'riviili'cr  ciill.'il  tliv  W:i^liiiii.'icin  i.n.'  in  h.n-  M.uiinilMK'.  Crtiitairi, 
with  six  i-iirriai^i'  irniis  ;inil  M-vunly  li\  v  imii  Mki'ii  hy  tin-  Kowi-y  mi:im  of  w.ir.  'I'lu- 
riMiph'  sonl  til  Miv^liinil  in  :i  niiin  <»t*war. 

S'".  'I'lirrf  ShijK,  I'nnn  l.unilun,  (ila-Liuw  .-mil  l.ivir|j'Mil,  with  .-I'in«  I'mv  tin'  army 
—  ii  Uriii'  I'nnn  Aiiti^xna  with  llnin.  tak-ni  hy  tin-  wlialr  Imat-  Sa\  in  one  Hay. 

l:i"'.  Xvws  ul'  M'viM'al  iniiir  St  n-i-  Ship-  l.i-in'.'  taliiii  hy  tin'  (.'miiiiniiial  I'liv.ii.i  i-s 
ami  wliuh*  hnat-;. 

17"'.  Sahl'ith  niurnin^  was  tlismviTi-fl  now  wurks  jrnini:  tm  at  I'liip-'s  I'artn  vfi-y 
iif.-tr  —  lipi.n  which  a  canniniailf  anti  Iimnhai-ilnicnt  fii-nri|  and  ('inilinnL'il  the  is,  i;t, 
anil  :;i)  t'nnn  tlic  lialt^•ry'^  of  Chafh'.inwri  and  Ilu>i.in  I'.iini.  'I'ln-  man  nt'war  nf  :'.!' 
Cnns  whii.'h  lay  i)|ipci-iio  kipi  a  lon-lanl  tiro.  TIh'  lir-t  day  a  -Init  t'r.nn  .MiihT-  liill 
took  IiiT  ipiart'T  and  went  thro*  and  thro'  her  —  a  >hot  the  iiiAt  day  passed  my  house 
anil  sirni'k  voiinLC  I)'  I'addoLk-  hat  upon  his  head,  a-  In'  wa-  on  1)'  Lloyd's  hill.  Ilu' 
hall  fell  into  his  yard.     Tlu'  in;in  ot'war  slipt  away  iii  tin,-  iiiL'ht. 

*JS''',   Si'M-ral  'I'ransporf-  with  'I'roops  saih-d  on  an  Mxpodition. 

,".i)"'  Ili't'i'inhi'i'.  .\ilininil  .shnld.ini  arrived  I'nini  KiiL-'hind  in  the  Chaihani  man  of 
war  of  ."ill  nuns  to  siiper-eih'  .Vdmiral  lira.es.     The  KiiiL'-  spieeli  ariived. 

I77il.     .lannary  .si"'.     .\1 lay  at  half  p.ist  K  l'..\l  heiii;,'  dark  weathi'r  the    I'nuin- 

(  i.il-  .itiaekeil  Charle-town,  hiiriit  the  houses,  n'niainiii'.;  at  Neek  of  land,  earried  otV 
a  seriiiit  and  a  nninher  of  .Men. 

.Inst  a.s  the  firee  he(.'an  ai  the  I'lay-ln  ii-i'  of  the  llloekade  of  l!o-t,,n  -  whieh 
with  iiiiieh  faintin::.  frii^ht,  and  eonfiision.  pri'\eiited  the  -eiiie. 

K;"'.  The  f>/</  A'fiih  Mvlimj  hi,iixe.  pulled  down  hy  onler  of  lien'.  Howe  for 
fuel  for  the  IJefiiL'i  -  and   Toiie-. 

oii.i  Kehrnary.  .lu-1  at  11  oi  lock  at  ni'_dil.  -onu'  wanton  suld'er  or  otlher  lind  a 
honih  fnnn  the  haltery,  at  New  lio-toii.  whieh  hnr-ted  in  the  air.  did  no  harm,  Inil 
made  siieli  an  alarm  a>  oeoasioned  a  trre.it  hhistiTinir. 

I"'.    .\l  half  past  nine  in  the  eveninir.  M  I'annoii  tired  fr the  liins  .at  I'h.irle-iown 

an  1  a  nninher  of  sm.'ill  arms  at  the  Soldiers  pnlliiiL'  down  the  .Mills  —  -ay  two  men 
killed  and  one  woniided.      The  ni\t  ila\  many  camion  tin  d. 

l:l'''.  Thi-  iliL'ht  a  lar'^e  hody  of  the  troops  ahont  :'..  oelo.k  -et  oil' on  tlie  lie 
from  the  t'otilieaiinn.  landed  at  l)orelie-ter  Neik  and  -et  tire  to  .-ill  the  luni-i's  and 
ham-,  hio'  111  -iv  pri-oner-  who  were  Ceiiliiiel-.  Col'  l.e-.lie  iVom  the  Cistle. 
as-i-ted  with  the  Troops  there,  and  returned  at  se\en  o'clock  —  No  ein:aL'ement  en- 
.siied  —  The  I*ro\ineials  -^'tiards  run  oil'. 

Tlnirsday  u'."."'  ♦  From  the  acconnt-  of  !)■  Ilil-on,  and  some  other  l)e-erter-  tiom 
the  ''oiitinent::l  army,  ^reat  preparations  were  inakini;  to  attack  the  Town,  — caii-ed 
very  alariniii','  appndieii-iotis  and  di-tress  of  the  Inhahitant-. 

J'"'  .Man-li  Siiiiinliiii  ni^ht  halfpi-t  11.  heean  I'nim  the  Country,  lioinlianl iit  ami 

eannotiade  which    eontinm  d  on  Imlli   -ides  till   morniin:  and  then  ee.i-ed  .mil  luuan 

aLTaifi  L'nifs  <f<ii/  e^eniiiL;  at  '.»  and  - ntimied  all  the  n..;lit,  and  tlio'  -cxeral  hoii-e- 

weie  dam.i'jcd  .iild  pcr-oii-  in  me, it  daliirer,  my -ell  vm,  no  one  a-  1  can  i<  .on  re- 
ecivcd  an,\   hurt. 

T'l  .March.      .Mond.i.i  -  -o it'ler  e.indle  lijiit.  came  on  a  iii"-l   icnilii.    I.omli.ird- 

tnent  and  c.iiinona<le,  on  Imtli  -i>le-.  .i-  it'  lic.iicn  .iiid  earth  were  i  iu.i-.:cil.      I  iw  or 


>  Miisl  I..    J'.illi    a-  111!   J.I  M.ii.'l, 


.  -..nioiav      i  t  laiisi  nln 


j;K) 


iUitoMcM:  i)y   rm:  sii:(,k. 


>ix  IS  :uul  LT''  >Im'I  -Mink  M".  <  lirinlnirs  I -c.  <  Iimv"-.  Winiitit-.  —  mir  Um-v   S^c 

~  Nftwiili^Imiiiin^'.  tin-  (■\ftv-i\i'  liri-  till  niutniipj.  r.ml  U;irn  :iny  nf  tin-  Inliiih- 
itiHils  h.ixt*  hi-i-n  Iniit.  tM-.  pr  a  liiiK-  Im.\  ;ii  y]''  l,i:iU'.  )umI  lii-  I.  s  \ni>U-  —  it  i-  ^aiil 
MPim'  t)l"  till'  x.lili.n  -iill.rr.I. 

.*»"'  'riu'-^ihtv.  —  Tills  lu'iriiini;'  ll;.-  I'rtiviiu'ijiU  win  .ii-< nvrriii  turlilViii:;  tin- 
liii.u!it>  ut'  Onrclu  MiT— AlM.iit  \-J  ucl..-k  7  lituiiiM-m-  r.i  tin'  Kiri;^-  I  r..M|.-.  «-ni- 
liiirkt'il  ill  Ti-.m-prirt'.  n.nini.iiicltii  liy  t  It-ncr;'!  .Inrn-  ulii'h  u.ic  in  |;iti(l  :it  Dnf- 
clif-liT-N.  <  Iv  iunl  tin-  main  lin.iv.  with  tin-  LiLiht  DlM'jonn-  wn-f  m  U"  "Ut  :it  tlir  liiu-s 
ill  thr  tii:;|il  ^r.  vVc  Kiiilit  nr  tt  ti  Sliip^  -iiiltd  ln-lnw  —  hut  wliitlnr.  ;i  Hiii  r_vr;iiH', 
ill*  tcnilili-  -ii'lili  II  >tiinii  wliidi  ;iiii>f.  in  iIk'  cvrniiii,'"  pn  \«  nt<  i|.  nr  ;i  priti-iicr  mily, 
(■iiMi  >!!y  —  iiiiiliiii;;  \v;i'  iitirinptiil. —  Iniifiil  (lie  \  inli  iii-"'  ui  ilir  -turrii  ninliicil  it 
itiiint^^ihK'  tur  .my  luiiit  tci  l;iiiil  —  Soiiu'  of  tin*  'I'nui-pnrt-'  w.ii-  ilri\i-ii  <ni  (Invoriiors 
l>l;iml.  liiit  u'.'t  nir  mill  n-tiiriuij. 

t!"'.  'I'lii>  il:iy  iIk-  iitniu^t  (ii-tr»-s<  jiml  ;iM\iily  )■•  mimuul;  lli-  lt«  Iul:*  ts  !iii<|  :t-"-nii- 
jiti-r-  \iv  v<r  \i-..  iinlir.-  f)i'in;4:  'Aww  to  itiilciik  tin*  Kipi:-.  Tiimp-.  iuid  t\;ic-ii;iif  thi- 
Tdwii.     l>lr-<t,l  i'l-  (Jciil  uur  rt-.U-iiiplinii  ilraws  ni^zli. 

""' 'riiiir.-iliiy.  Tlh-  lii't  iiiLilit  :uiii  this  djiy  the 'I'rct.ps  nrc  very  lllI^iIy  iiiipIi'Vi'tl 
in  ri'iiii'v  inir  i!i«ir  -inn  .;,  (mmm'-m.  ;iitiiiiiinili<iii  —  --.nh-  itf  tlie  DriiL'unns  mi  liuanl,  ilii' 
llftiijii  I  •*  I'Cc.  \c.,  in  >iiippiii;i  tluir  ynculs  v<c.  ■I'Ih-  SiU'ciiiifn  wiitr  In  tin-  I'ltiimiiind- 
in^i  ntlifi  r  at  lin\l)iiry,  al  llu' Oiirni'-t  (!L->irc  nl'  tin-   Inluiliiiaiit-  am)  i>y  pi-rrni.--inn  (»f 

(nil'  U'iWv. 

Mai'fli  n"'.  Til.  invMi  all  linny  sukI  mnMiintinn.  tin  irnnps  with  tin-  lirfit-.  .-  aii.i 
'rnrii'-:  t-nil'arkiiiL;. 

11'''  Satiif«lay.  1)'.  I)',  i ) '.  l;cfi-i\ .  <|  an-wi  r  iVi-ni  llu-  liti.<  tVnin  ("ul'  Liarm-il 
(niiiniaiiilini'    nt!i('fr  at    Itnxl'itiy — \ -ic    tin-    alni\*  i  —  Saluiilay  ivciiin^^  It  nrlni-k, 

lu'irail  iMiinnnailf.  wliicli  rniuinmd  thr  u  Iml,-  ni-lii  —  l  )n.-  I^  pniiinl  >linl  t:\ ilim' 

niir  Iinii-f.  nnntlit  r  tlirn' till'  t"-iici-  and  -iininu  r  Imii-r  inln  iIu- ( iardi  n.  Mini  ^»\rral 
siint.  tlirn*  riiy  niijlilMiiii>'  IlntiM-. 

10"'  I.nnlV  liay  V  M.      Kiiil»arkiii-  nrdtr-;  air  --iivi-n  tn  dilivcr  (  ri-i-n  Urii-h  r-qMtH 

till'  w'ufdi'ti  and  linen  u'^nnil Snnir  prr-nn-  d*  Ii\*ni|  tli.ir  -nnd'^,  ollu-is  lif  !'..rri'd 

tVniii  tlu-ni.  In  a  ^nat  \aliK-.  r^lmp^.  >t(>rr--.  Iinii>c^,  idiiiid'  nd.  vi>m1s  till  tn  piiccs 
»si\  \c.      W-ry  di-ln--t  d  linns. 

ll"'Mnnd;t\.  Caniinnadi-  lu-iian  iilmut  li.dt' pa-t  7  iVntii  llatcii'-  » liarf  and  mlur 
l»altii\'s  al  near  tin-  Inriilicalitni,  winch  rnntimii-d  nm-i  niTh.-  niulit. 

I_"''.  riti~  day  and  ni:jlil  (piirt  —  tin*  Snldi<  rs  -Imi  up  in  ilt.ir  Barracks,  rvcipt 
•;nnn'  wiin  wii'c  ahniH.  pliindcrini;.  The  wind  hijli  at  N.  \\\  The  liihaliitaiil- 
i:rciilly  di-trc^M-d  Ilir-i'  fear  llu-  Tnwii  wnnld  h.    -■  i  nn  tir-    l.y  ihc  S..ldi<rs. 

l;l"'  \\\>hif,<tiotj.  'I"lu-  Inhaliiiant^  in  tin  iitumvi  di-tr.".  tlirn"  1.  .ir  nt  tlic  Tnun 
In  inu  di-li'nMd  liy  tin-  Snldirr-.  a  jiarly  id'  New  Vnik  Carpenter-  uilh  a\e-  tznin;;- 
tlirn'  tlie  tn\Mi.  IneakiiiL'  "p<ii  ln)n>e-  AC.  Snldi.r>  and  -ailnr"  plniidejini;  nt' 
limi-i--.  -In'p-.  waielmn**--  —  Sii^-ar  and  --all  i\c.  llimwn  iiilu  the  I{i\i*r.  uliicli  was 
'greatly  cii\  i-n  d  u  ilh  hn.i-|in;id>.  harrcU  nt'  llnnr.  ImU'C  furiiihire.  cart^.  trnek>  ^<:c. 
\<:c.  —  t  hie  IV  r-nii  Millered  /'n;/r  /lioi'i'iinif  p'tnudji  sftilimj,  h\  iii-  r-liippln^  Ik-Iml'  cut 
tn  picei--  o^i  .  —  Aiintlnr  Jlre  flion.^tnnf  i>niiiiif<  .v/iv/io;/,  in  >-a!l  wanlnnly  tlirnwn  inln 
the  UiMr. 

II"'. March.      Thiir-dav .       The  same  asnI-nM.  i\.,  jM   - ewhat  n-trained   hy  tin; 

( telleral. 

i:."'  l-'riday.  The  (Icinral  s.-iil  t>  tin-  Sil-etimn  and  de-ired  tluir  innnediiitc 
ntlendaiice,  which  wr  ilid  afciirdiiiL:ly.  It  was  tn  ae.(iiaiiit  ii-  that  a-  In-  was  ahtnit 
reiiealin:-;  t'mni  ilic    Tiavii.  liir-  julvict-  Wii>  t"r  all  the  InluihiiaiU^  I'l  keep  in  tin  ir 


CIIKOX 


l(  l.F.    <ll-    TIIK    >IK<:F, 


HIT 


licilis 


!\nil  lli'i'  lii" 


iiril'-r-  «<Tr  to  iii.iuiT  11"  I" 


Liiiliiriiii-'  i.f  hU  injup-.     'I'liMt  til.'  /■'■■in;'/  in 
l,;irliuiir  till  till'  II..I   >Milvil.  l.mil>-'l  "ill'  >"in-MM->  :iii' 


li,-  II. uM  nut  111'  iiii^wi  r;il4.    fur 
1111  111'  Will-  wiMilil  riiiiliiiii.'  ill  llif 


1  (■iiiiiliii>li 


lili-,  tli.-it  ill  I  ii- 


llu 


;  irijnii>  iiu-l  Willi  liny  oli-lrurtitiii  i 


Kiiiu 

wliii-h  Ih'  "i-liiil  1"  iiMii 


11  ihiir  ntri'iil 


]„■  sliiiulil  -.1  lif  1"  ili.-'riiivn. 


1  -■riiul  In-  tlii.iiiil  I 


ii  hi-  ilulv  to   l.-iroy  luii 


rli  of  111.    prop- 


fl-lV  ill  til.-   lo«ll  to   pi- 


,\.iii  ii  liiiii'. 


u-i  Till  lo  till-  -iii.pori 


if  ih.-  li.l..l  iiriiiy. 


(Jl'lUTll 

Kcl.ols  I  it  wii' 


I  fllllll.T  -.li'l  lo  1I-.  th.it  »l 


piol.iil.K'  upon  upi 


I,,  ,.v,.|-  li.i.i  -iilliiT.I  i 
iliriiiioii  to  ili.v,  riiimM 


)'i..p.i-i     " 
It.  lli.v  \M.iiM  1" 


ill.  «. 


■riu' 


ill. ml 


— 'rilMt    I.vll.T>   llll.l   lllKM'il  l..'tWi--l'll   lli'll   :ill'l 


\f,-   Wushliuifi, 


Ililll  ill 


til. 


ill'  of  Mr  Wdslniii/lu 


I'liiit  li.iwcv.  r  iii>i'.'iiiti<"iiit  tlu'  (liiira.-itr  of  li 


TliMt  Ur  lia.l  wrot.i  til 
f  lii- 


Kxfolli-iu  y.  wi.i' 


■li  to  Ililll  wii-i  v.'i-y 


iiiitliijiity  of  till'  Kini; 
/ll'.s  ejcelhneij  (Irneni 


trilliii;.'—  it  oiiiilit  Mot  to  li.i  ^linii  to  Miiy 
i.Hl   till'  iliroi'tion  of  our  l..'lt.T>  to  l.im  «ii 


l.Hl  l.y  th. 
.'—■\\ 


I   \VaMn;it:i,i,  wliii-li  lu-  .li.l  not  iipprov.'  ii 


111  wliiiti'v.T    Inti'lli- 


.  liiiil  lii'.'n  liiviii 


to  111.'  [{ulii'l-.  tlio'  in 


lii<  l.llor<  to  liiui, 


Ir.  (li.l  not  cliiir;. 


Ililll 


l„.l.    II.-  fill-Ill. r  M.i.llK.i  liml  notliin:^  iiiriiin-'l  tlio  Si-KTt-imn,  w 


with  I.i-inirii  Hi 

liMil  li..-  >lioiilil  ceriMinly  liin.-  t:ik.  n   imli.- 


.f  it  —  Tin-  (loll. Til!   li 


111. I    il: 


il.ark  till-  .liiy  111 


.1  «a-  l.il.l  l.y  (i.niTal  l!ol..-i-t-oii  i 


-.loi-k.      Tin     Ito^inu-nl- 


if  thi'iil    lil:ir-ii 


l.irll  if  llP 

1.1  IK   111.-  Troops 

I  wo.iM  111-  l.y  lliri'O 

lu.l   ilowii    till'     wliavf. 


Ciiar.l-   anil  ('ll.'Vall\ 


!).■  F! 


•  till'  riir.at  of  <  Int  C'riiiiml-.     S.v.ra 


oril.r  to  1 

B-liiuli  tli.'y  won-  to  p:i--  w.ro  lillt 

tivi'.-  from  till'  Mall  to  pri'v.n 

appi-anil  to  hi-  f.-arfnl  of  an 

.■inl.arkini;.    'I'lu'V  ri'lnrniil  to  tlnir  ipiarlir^ 

Tin-  niijlit  pa-Ill  toliralily  .|iii.t. 


.■n-   plar.'.rni  till-  main  -in  .1-  an.l  wliarv.-   in 
lof  tlii.-iiriii>-ipl>^^>trL'i'l- tliroii'-''- 


1  Willi  llll.l-'  till.'.l  Willi  ll..r-.-.lun..'.  larm-  linil.-  of 

t  a  iMii'-nii  ..f  till'  Coiuini-ntal  Army.     ■ni.'>  maiiif. -My 
,„ai  k.      Tlio  wiiiil  proM'.l  unfavoralili',  pri'vont.-.l  tlii'ir 


lll'i'  Satnr.la 


Kaiii. 


(irc'iit  ili-tri'--  pliiniUriiii: 


I7111  I.oi'.r- ilay.     'I'lii-  iiioriiiii'.' at  : 


I'lo.'U.  till-  tio"l- 


Cln'vanx  .li'  tr.-/.'.  ('r..w  fi'ut  .-livw 


cl  ill  ili,--lr.fl-  to  pr.'Mii 


all 


iiliaik.'.l  at    al.oni  '.1  oi-lork   al 


.1    III. 


vIl.Io   tl.  .  1 


t  liiiii'j  pur-i 
lil       I'. 


.11  fir.' 


-.1.     ■Ilii'V 


ihiili  tin  V  ili.l  not  i-arry 


i.tV,  tlu'V  I'll 


ili-nil  iiiilii  for  ii-i 


iM.at   lit'l   to 


111.'  Kinr.  — 'I'liii-  »a-  till"  nnliappy 


.li-tr.--.'.|  town  itliro'  a  inaiiifi'-t  intorpi 


.-ition  of  ilivini'  provi 


li'iii 


,.)  ivlii'viil  froiii  a 


vho-i'  nnparalli'il  "ii-kiil- 


profanity,  iloliamlu'ry  an 


il  rriii'lty  is  in. Aj.r.— ill!.',  oniliirni-'  a  >i' 


fr.iiii  til. 


I '.I'll  April    IT 


to  tlio   1 


■I"   Mari'li   ITTH.     Iiiiini-iliatily  iipoi 


till'  Hi'ot's  sailinir  tlii' 


SoliTt  Moll  M'l  olV.  t 


hn.nsli  tlio  lino--,  lo  lioxl'ii'y  t"  aiiiuaint  (iun 


till 


of  ihi-  tinvn. 


Afi.r 


iiiiliii«  11  nn's-a 


ao  Ma 


•ral  \Va.-liin!,'toii  "t 
Waril  aiil  to  (iiiioral 


Wanl.  oaiiu'  lo  11- 


al  till'  lini's  anil  -oon 


iifti-r  llio  Tioii 


tlio  iiio>t  politi'  anil  alli'i'iioiialo  ma 


•  ral   liini-ilf.  »liii  roioivi'il  11s 
;  to  Walortown  to 


:ii-iliiaiii 


1  till'  Coiini-il  of  tlii-  lia|>py  i-vinl. 


ta.'liiiH'iit   of  •J.liiiii    troop-   11 
(ioncral  riltliani  wlio  tin'  11.  x 


tak.'    po<-.' 
t  .lav  l.i';;an 


tlio  hi-tti-'r  ■ 


.'iirilv  of  till'  Town.      \  mmi 


an.l  pormilli'il  il<  to  pa 

T'lio  (ii'iioral  imnii'iliati'ly  onkTiil  a  ilv- 

,-'iin  of  till'  town  iiiiiliT  tliu  eoininanil  of 

for 

of   I'oWlllT 


tlii-ir  work'  in 


fortifvini;  Fortliill 


l.i-r  of  loa.l.'il  SIk'IIs  "itli  Irains 


i-ri'il  witli  straw,  wavv  t.nii 


111  in  111 


l,.fl    I.V   111.'    \l 


ar-  lu'ar  tlio  fortifycatioii. 


.-TTit  ^mmm.amm, 


I!  IS 


(•iii;i)\i(t.F,  oi'  Tin;  sikck. 


Tin:  r.iisioN  minisi'kiss  nruixc  tut.  sn'XJK. 

Dr.  Cliailcs  C'li:imic('y,  (iC  llic  Misl  Clmich,  (irllic  OKI  Urick,  liciii;.r  very 
ohiioNioiis  111  till'  royiili-'ts.  li'l't  liostdii  lU  tlio  l»'u:iiiiiiii'4  of  tlic  i-icw, 
iiiiil  rcliinii'W  when  it  I'insrd.  ()?i  tlir  ix'cnnls  ol'  llif  sucicty  tlu!  only 
I'l'co^jjiiiliuii  I'f  till-  tiiMilili>  iiC  llir  liiiii'  is  luiiiiil  III  this  i-nlry,  iimiiT  lialt; 
of  Aiijjjii^t  l:!,  ITTO  :  — 

"  At  a  Mi'i  11115;  "'  Ihi-  I  liiiirli  iinil  Cunnri'u'iitiiin  : 

"  Voted:  Tliiit  nil  llio  I.iM.ii'ii  Wih.'liH  nt'llu'  Wiiiddws  i.f  IhN  Cliuri'li  lir  .l.'iivir.il 
tci  tlie  Ciiniinisxiiry  nf  tlii.-i  Cnllimy,  ii]iiiii  cuinliliuii  liun  \\\i'jlil<  lie  |ihh'ii|  in  thtir 
Silfail,  iinil  till'  ilill'iTiMiw  ]i;iicl  in  t'li-li." 


Dr.  .Iiihii  LMlhrnp,  uf  the  (M.i  Xorlli  Ciiiiri'li,  wliirh  w;is  ilostniyi'il  I'ur 
fuel.  Irfl  llic  town.  On  liis  rrtuiii.  his  Si.cii'ly  iiiiil  'il  In  ITT'.I  ullh  Dr. 
Klii'iir/.cr  I'rniliiMtun's,  iiI'li'rwMiiN  niMUiii'.;'  thi-  :.'il  Cliiircli.  .loliii  limit 
anil  Jiilin  liMi'iiii  ui'i'i'  :\s<ii(.'i:iti'  (i:! si  1  us  of  tin.'  (•Id  Siinlh.  ."Mr.  liaciMi, 
friini  siiiih'  raiiscs  nf  i|is>ali-lai'tiiin,  was  ili>nii-sc,|  l-'rii.  s.  177"i.  Ilo 
wriil  lo  Sliickliiiil'..ti',  ami  cntrircl  |ii)lilli'al  lll'i'  Mr.  Ilnnl  lia|i|ii'nnl  In 
lie  alisi.Mil  1)11  a  visit  in  lii'iiiil.liiu'  whrn  ihc  ;jalr<  ui'ir  slml  on  Hoslon 
Nci'K'.  Wlioii  111'  a|iiili('i|  to  111'  ailinillcil,  lir  was  icl'iisi'il  lirraiisi'  he 
woiilil  not  airri'i'  lo  ri'iiiaiii.  Ilr  wi-nl  to  Noithaiii|ilon.  whi'ii'  hi,'  ilicd  of 
i-on-nmiillon  Di'i'.  .')0.  177."i.  Tin'  parsonago  of  llii'  Society,  adjoininir 
till'  Ml  rliiiLi-hoiisi'.  uhirh  was  Inillt  liv  (iov.  Wiiitliroii  for  his  ii'sidi'iioi; 
was  liiirni'il  hy  the  lirilish  for  furl,  .-is  witc  also  somh  liiir  linllon-uood 
lives  which  siirriMindcd  il .  To  the  same  use  was  pill  ,'U  the  intiTior 
work  of  the  .Me('tin;i-lion-r,  exic'iil  the  sonndinLT-lioard  and  the  cast 
fjalleries.  .\  riclily-wioiiiihl,  canopied  and  daniask-fnrnishcd  pew,  de- 
sij^iicd  for  liiirh  in,'i!j;isl rales,  ami  riv:illinuf  Ih.'it  In  Kini,''>  C'li.'ipel,  was 
taken  to  .lohii  Aniory's  lioii-e  and  used  as  a  hiw-siv.  The  edilicc  wiis 
so  ontra'icil  and  defaced  Ihal  il  was  scleral  years  lieforc  Ihc  rcniiiaiit  of 
its  iinpoM'ri-.|ied  conurc;;alion  was  nlile  |o  rcstori'  il  lo  Its  dc-i'jnci! 
pni|io-c.  I'ldiii  .Nov.  '.I,  1777,  to  I'cli.  ■.';;.  1  7,s:l, — except  an  inicrv;d 
of  tile  nioiilli^  liclweeii   17sl--.'.  when   tlicy  occiipicd  the  Ucprcsinlalivcs 

r in  the  Did  Slate  lloii~e,  ^  Ihc  cnic..|-,.M;|ij,,|,  UMr~liip|.i.d   in   Kine's 

Chapel,  where  their  ni'\t  pa-tor.  Dr.  I'',ckli'y.  iv.is  ord. lined  <  li  t.  -.'7.  177!t. 
'I'lie  Old  Soul h,  after  IicIiil;   ie|iaiieil,  was   rcdcdiealed    March    •_',  I7.S.;. 


\ 


I 


(■iii;oM(i.F.  OK  Tin;  siK(ii:. 


lil!) 


Tlu'  imlpil  rcfrnlly  slaiiaiii'j.  ill  it  wiis  Mili^tiluloil  in  1.-<0S  fur  llif  oiio 
limit  :il  tlir  vc^lnratioH  uf  tlii'  c-dilh.-f. 

•riic  l.'cv.  .In-.i,li  Ilnwc,  pastur  (.r  the  Nfw  South  Climrli.  diiMl  :il 
IlMrllonl.  Aii.u    L'."..  ITT.'i. 

Dr.  CooiKM-,  III'  r.r:itllr->tivct  Cliuicli.  having"  tak.'ii  so  |ir.jiiiiiiciit  a 
jiart  as  a  patiiol  as  t.)  hav.i  Im-cii  uh-ikkmM  by  a  liritisli  ulliixT,  Ml 
]l,,~toH  will,  his  «ilV,  April  li;,  ITT.Kl.'aviiii:  his  chihl,  library,  riiriiUurc 
ami  l.lalo,  iutomliii- soon  t..  ivtiiiii  to  the  touii,  aft.T  rhlin^'  :il".tit  the 
,.oiiiiti-y  for  his  health.  He  iini.U'  his  hoii.r  at  Wrslon.  aii-l  ivtuni.'.l  to 
Ilostoi",  afl.T  the  Hvaciiatioii.  TIm'  fair  of  his  M,...tii,!j;-liu,iM.  is  rof.MTO.l 
1(1  ill  Di'iu'oii  XcwiH's  diary. 

'IMic  iiiiiiislors  of  the  two  Haiitist  Soeidies.  with  very  similar  naiiu'S, 
were    Kev,  S,  Slilliiiaii   and    Krv.  1.  Skilliiiaii.      The    latter  remained    in 

the  liiwii. 

Dr.  Mather  I'.yles,  of  IK.llis  street,  with  t..iy  proelivities,  remained, 
but  was   iiiaetivo.     His   eoneregatioii   on  their   return   soon  sn|.erseded 

iiiiii. 

Mather  I'.yles.  ,Ir..  Ueetor  of  Christ,  Chnreli,  closed   his  ministry  iho 

day  before  llie  iMtlie  of  Lexington. 

Mr.  Troiitlieek.  of  Kings  Cliap.d,  went,  oil'  in  Nov..  177.".,  and  Dr. 
Caner,  the  rector,  left  on  the  F.vaeiiation.  as  di<l  al-.  William  Walter, 
the  rector  of  Trinity  Chnivh.  'Hie  associate,  of  Mr.  Waller  (.Mr.  Sam- 
uel l'arker),in  a  fniier.al  .s.anioii  which  he  preached  upon  Dr.  Andrew 
Kliol,  said,  that  ■•Tliinking  as  an  Ki)iscopal  clergyman  he  would  he 
ubnoxioiis  to  the  returning  inhabitants,  lie  was  packing  his  elfects  pre- 
paratory to  .i..ing  olf  with  the  army,  wii.'ii  Dr.  Kliot  came  to  ,m  ad\is- 
ing  him  to  remain,  as,  being  a  young  man,  and  discreel,  he  had  not 
made  hiin.sclf  oll'ensivc."     He  look  the  adxicc  and  leim.iiied. 


